1. First read then report what the flight attendant told the passengers before takeoff.
1 ……She told them not to smoke in no-smoking areas or in the toilets. …………...
2 ……………………………………………………………………………………...
3 ……………………………………………………………………………………...
4 ……………………………………………………………………………………...
5 ……………………………………………………………………………………...
6 ……………………………………………………………………………………...
7 ……………………………………………………………………………………...
8 ……………………………………………………………………………………...
9 ……………………………………………………………………………………...
2. Change the following from Direct into Reported Speech.
1. "Where have you been?" he said to me. …He asked me where I had been. ….........................
2. "Close your eyes and open the parcel," she said to me. ………………………............................
3. "I'm writing my autobiography," said Paul. (up-to-date reporting) ……………..........................
4. They said to her, "We hope you will lend us your car." (out-of-date reporting) .........................
5. "Please sir, can I have some more food?" said Oliver. ………………………………………….
6. "Go to your room and stay there!" said his father . …………………………………………….
7. "Don't walk on the grass," the park attendant said to us. …………………………......................
8. "Did you pay the electricity bill?" he said to his wife. ………………………….........................
9. "I'll phone you at seven o'clock tonight," she said to him. (out-of-date reporting)……………..
10. "What size shoes do you take?" the shop assistant said to him. (out-of-date reporting)………
11. "He's never written to me before,” said Maria. (up-to-date reporting) ……………………….
12. "Let's paint the walls blue!" said my little brother. ……………………………………………
13. "Will Liza be safe on her own?" her father wondered. (out-of-date reporting)……………….
14. My mother said to me, "Don't stay up reading too late!" ……………………………………..
15. "I own two cars, a yacht and a private plane," said Roy. (untrue) …………........................
Modals in Reported Speech
 The forms of some modal verbs change in Reported Speech when the reported sentence is out of date. Will/Shall would, can could/would be able to, may might/could, shall should (asking for advice) or would (asking for information) / offer (expressing offers), must must/had to (obligation) (must remains the same when it expresses possibility or deduction), needn’t didn’t need to/didn’t have to/wouldn’t have to.
Would, could, used to, mustn’t, should, might, ought to and had better remain the same.
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Direct Speech
He said, "I’ll see you later".
He said, "I can lift weights".
He said, "I can do it tomorrow".
He said, "I may see John".
He said, "How shall I repair the tap?"
He said, "When shall we arrive?"
He said, "Shall I clean it?"
He said, "You must return it soon".
He said, "She must be clever".
He said, "You should work more".
He said, "You had better help me".
He said, "You needn’t do it now".
He said, "You needn’t come tomorrow".
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Reported Speech
He said (that) he would see me later.
He said (that) he could lift weights.
He said (that) he would be able to do it the next day.
He said (that) he might see John.
He asked how he should repair/to repair the tap. (advice)
He asked when they would arrive. (information)
He offered to clean it. (expressing offers)
He said (that) I must/had to return it soon. (obligation)
He said (that) she must be clever. (deduction)
He said (that) I should work more.
He said (that) I had better help him.
He said (that) I didn’t need to/didn’t have to do it then.
He said (that) I wouldn’t have to go the next day.
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Reporting a dialogue or a conversation
In conversations or dialogues we use a mixture of statements, commands and questions. When we report dialogues or conversations, we use: and, as, adding that, and he/she added that, explaining that, because, but, since, so, and then he/she went on to say, while, then etc or the introductory verb in the present participle form. Exclamations such as: Oh!, Oh dear!, Well! etc are omitted in Reported Speech.
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Direct Speech
“Oh, that is a very nice sweater!” she said.
“Where did you buy it?”
“It is too difficult for you,” she said. “Shall I help you?”
“Why don’t you come over for dinner on Friday?” she said. “We could discuss it then.”
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Reported Speech
She remarked/exclaimed that it was a very nice sweater and she asked where I had bought it. (“Oh” is omitted)
She said it was too difficult for me, offering to help.
She invited me to dinner on Friday, suggesting that we could discuss it then.
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3. Rewrite the following conversations in Reported Speech.
A “How can I lose weight?” Alan said.
“You mustn’t eat sweets or oily food. You can eat potatoes, though. You should also get plenty of exercise," said the doctor.
"Shall I join a gym?" said Alan
"You needn't join a gym. You can go jogging every day”, said the doctor.
…Alan asked the doctor how he could lose weight……………………………………...
B “How can I get a job?” Jane said.
“You can look through the newspapers at the job advertisements. You can also go to the Job Centre. I’m sure they could find you a job," said Julie.
"Shall I go to a private employment agency?' said Jane.
"You could, but it will cost you a lot of money and you don’t have much,” said Julie.
…Jane asked Julie how she could get a job. …………………………………………….
Exclamations Yes/No short answers Question tags
Exclamations are introduced in Reported Speech with exclaim, thank, wish, say, cry out in pain, give an exclamation of surprise / horror / disgust / delight etc. The exclamation mark becomes a full stop. Exclamatory words such as Oh!, Eee!,
Wow! etc are omitted in the reported sentence.
"Ow!" she said as she hit her head on the door. She cried out in pain as she hit her head on the door.
Yes/No short answers are expressed in Reported Speech with a subject + appropriate auxiliary verb or subject + appropriate introductory verb.
"Can you help me?" he said. "No," she said. He asked her if she could help him and she said she couldn't. or He asked her if she could help him, but she refused.
Question tags are omitted in Reported Speech. We can use an appropriate introductory verb to retain their effect.
"He isn't lying, is he?" she said. She wondered if he was lying.
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4. Turn the following into Reported Speech.
1. "You did steal the money, didn't you?" he said. …He insisted that I had stolen the money. ………………………………………………………………………………………
2. "Will you leave the keys?" she asked. "Of course!" he said. ……………………………
3. "Wonderful!" he said, when the bank manager agreed to lend him the money. ………...
4. "Ouch!" he said, as the nurse gave him the injection. …………………………………...
5. "Would you like to come out with me?" he asked. "Not really," she replied. …………..
6. "I don't suppose you could lend me any money, could you?" he asked me. ……………
7. "Wow!" he said when he first saw the Pyramids. ……………………………………….
8. "Would you like another piece of cake?" she asked. "Yes, please," he replied. ………...
9. "You'll try not to be late, won't you?" he said to her. …………………………………...
10. “Ugh!" she said, as she stepped into the muddy puddle. ………………………………
5. Rewrite the following conversation in Reported Speech.
" Oh, Roger! What a surprise!" Lisa said at the sight of her husband.
"Hello, Lisa. Happy Birthday!" Roger said, giving her some flowers.
"Wow - they're lovely!" Lisa said. "Thank you."
"Would you like me to put them in water for you?" Roger asked.
"Yes, please," Lisa said.
"Let's go out tonight, shall we?" Roger said. "I've found a new restaurant which I think you'll like."
…Lisa gave an exclamation of surprise at the sight of her husband. ……………………………..
6. Rewrite the following conversations in Reported Speech.
A "Sally, would you like to go out tonight for a change?" Daniel asked.
"What a lovely idea! Why don't we go for a meal?" Sally said.
"Well ...mm... possibly, but I've already bought two tickets for the opera," Daniel said.
"Even better. But I'll walk out if you fall asleep like the last time!" Sally threatened.
"Not at all! I only had my eyes closed to enjoy the music," Daniel explained.
"All right then, I'll go, but you should keep your mouth closed if you're going to snore," Sally said.
…Daniel asked Sally if she would like to…………………………………………………...
B "John's late," said Mr Brown.
"He must have got stuck in traffic,"" said Sandra. "Shall I phone him?"
"No, you needn't phone him, but you'd better tell his secretary to check today's diary. He may have an appointment this morning," said Mr Brown.
…Mr Brown said that John was late.…………………………………………………..
When we report a speaker’s words we don’t just apply rules mechanically, we interpret what we hear or read, so we use appropriate reporting verbs (introductory verbs) like the following:
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Introductory verb
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Direct Speech
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Reported Speech
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agree + to-inf
demand
offer
promise
refuse
threaten + to-inf / that
claim
advise + sb + to-inf
allow
ask
beg
command
encourage
forbid
instruct
invite sb
order
permit
remind
urge
warn
want
accuse sb of + -ing form
apologise for
admit (to)
boast about
complain to sb about
deny
insist on
suggest
agree + that-clause
claim
complain
deny
exclaim
explain
inform sb
promise
suggest
explain to sb + how
wonder where/what/ why/how + clause (when the subject of the introductory verb is not the same as the subject in the indirect question)
wonder + whether +
to-inf or clause
wonder where/what/ how + to-inf (when the subject of the infinitive is the same as the subject of the verb)
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“Yes, I’ll do it again.”
“Tell me the truth!”
“Would you like me to drive you home?"
“I will pay you on Friday.”
“No, I won’t tell you her secret.”
“Keep quiet or I’ll punish you."
“I witnessed the crime.”
“You should talk about your problem."
"You can use my phone."
“Please, close the door.”
"Please, please don't hit the dog."
“Move to your right”
“Go ahead, say what you think.”
“You mustn't come home after eleven.”
“Mix the eggs with the flour."
“I’d like you to come to my party."
“Don't leave your room again."
"You may speak to the judge."
"Don't forget to turn the lights off."
"Try to have sympathy for the family."
“Don't touch the wire with wet hands."
"I'd like you to be kind."
“You acted as if you were guilty."
“I’m sorry I hurt you.”
“Yes, I was wrong.”
“I’m the fastest runner of all.”
“You always argue.”
“No, I didn’t eat your cake.”
“You must wear that blouse.”
“Let’s order a pizza.”
“Yes, she’s very kind.”
“I saw the accident.”
“You never ask my opinion.”
“I have never met her!”
“It’s a tragedy!”
“It’s a complicated problem.”
“Your request is being reviewed.”
“I won’t be late.”
“You ought to give her a call.”
“That’s how I succeeded.”
He asked himself, "How old is she?''
He asked himself, "Where are my keys?"
He asked himself, "Why is she so cold?"
He asked himself, 'What is the right answer?"
He asked himself, "Shall I invite them?"
He asked himself, "Where shall I go?"
He asked himself, "What shall I read first?"
He asked himself, "How shall I tell her?"
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He agreed to do it again.
He demanded to be told the truth.
He offered to drive me home.
He promised to pay me on Friday.
He refused to tell me her secret.
He threatened to punish me if I didn’t keep quiet.
He claimed to have witnessed the crime.
He advised me to talk about my problem.
He allowed me to use his phone.
He asked me to close the door.
He begged me not to hit the dog.
He commanded me to move to my right.
He encouraged me to say what I thought.
He forbade us to come home after eleven.
He instructed me to mix the eggs with the flour.
He invited me (to go) to his party.
He ordered me not to leave my room again.
He permitted/allowed me to speak to the judge.
He reminded me to turn the lights off.
He urged me to try to have sympathy for the family.
He warned me not to touch the wire with wet hands.
He wanted me to be kind.
He accused me of acting as if I were guilty.
He apologised for hurting me.
He admitted (to) being wrong.
He boasted about being the fastest runner of all.
He complained to me about my arguing.
He denied eating/having eaten my cake.
He insisted on me/my wearing that blouse.
He suggested ordering a pizza.
He agreed that she was very kind.
He claimed that he had seen the accident.
He complained that I never ask his opinion.
He denied that he had ever met her.
He exclaimed that it was a tragedy.
He explained that it was a complicated problem.
He informed me that my request was being reviewed.
He promised that he wouldn't be late.
He suggested that I give her a call.
He explained to me how he had succeeded.
He wondered how old she was.
He wondered where his keys were.
He wondered why she was so cold.
He wondered what the right answer was.
He wondered whether to invite them.
He wondered whether he should invite them.
He wondered where to go.
He wondered what to read first.
He wondered how to tell her.
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/adapted from Round-up 6. Virginia Evans/ |
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