Законодательная власть и правоохранительная деятельность в Великобритании и США учебное пособие Уровень В1 Составитель

• Название: Законодательная власть и правоохранительная деятельность в Великобритании и США учебное пособие Уровень В1 Составитель
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Put the verb in brackets in either the -ing form or the infinitive.


a I used ________ (think) that life ended at 40, but now I'm 41 I know it's not true.
It's five in the morning. I'm not used to ________ (get) up this early.
b Remember ________ (lock) the door when you leave the house.

I remember ________ (fall) out of my pram when I was a baby.

c Stop ________ (make) such a terrible noise.

Carol stopped ________ (make) herself a cup of tea.

d I mustn't forget ________ (buy) Jane a birthday card.

I'll never forget ________ (meet) my husband for the first time.

e I've always tried ________ (do) my best.

If you can't do this exercise, try ________ (ask) a friend for help.

f I started ________ (play) golf last year.

Oh, look! It's starting ________ (rain).

g I need ________ (speak) to you.

The house needs ________ (painting).

h Do you like ________ (cook)?

I like ________ (cook) something special when guests come.

I like ________ (pay) bills on time.
Revision of infinitives and –ing forms

5. The house that Jack built

Put the correct verb into each gap. Use either the infinitive or the -ing form.

pay live

repay make

listen do (x 2)

leave give

celebrate work (x2)

build lend

be

Jack Baines is a self-made millionaire, but his beginnings were very lowly. He was the youngest of eight children. His father had a job in the cotton mills of Blackburn, Lancashire in the 1920s, but he was often unable (a)­­­­­­­­­­­­­ ________ due to poor health. The family couldn't afford (b)________ the rent or bills, and the children often went hungry. After (c)________ school at the age of 14, Jack was wondering what (d)________ when Mr Walker, his old teacher, offered (e) ________ him £100 to start his own business.

It was just after the war. Raw materials were scarce, and Jack (without (f) ________ to his parents' advice) saw a future in scrap metal. He bought bits of metal and stored them in an old garage. When he had built up a sizeable amount, he sold it to local industries for a vast profit.

Jack enjoyed (g) ________ hard and was encouraged (h) ________ the most of his potential by Mr Walker. After one year he had succeeded in (i)________ the £100 loan and he also managed (j) ________ Mr Walker £100 interest to thank him for his generosity.

By the time Jack was 30 years old he had made his first million, and he wanted (k) ________ this achievement by (l) ________ something 'grand'. With all his money it was now possible (m) ________ a beautiful home for himself and his parents . In 1959 'Baines Castle' was built in the heart of the Lancashire countryside. It was one of the finest buildings in the county.

Jack has recently sold 'Barnes Steel' for a staggering £500 million, but Jack still can't get used to (n) ________ the good life. He can often be found at the local pub drinking pints with the locals.

'I remember (o) ________ very poor as a child but never unhappy,' says Jack, 'and I never forget where I come from and who I am.'

Lancashire people are proud of their local hero, and if a visitor asks the origins of the 'grand' castle on the hill the locals say 'Why, it's the house that Jack built'.
/from New Headway English Course. Upper-Intermediate Workbook. Liz and John Soars/

See someone do/doing

6. Verbs of perception

1 Certain verbs express perception, for example, see, hear, watch, feel, smell, sense, observe, notice, spot. They can be used with both the infinitive (without to) and the –ing form. I could hear her crying all night long. I didn't hear you come in last night. 2 The use of the -ing form suggests the activity has duration. It is in progress at the time it is perceived, and it continues afterwards. We heard him playing the piano. I can smell something burning. 3 The use of the infinitive suggests the whole, completed action is perceived. I saw the girl fall off her horse. I saw her walk across the room and take a gun out of the desk drawer.

A Complete the sentences with either the infinitive without to or the -ing form of the verb in brackets.

a When I woke up, I could hear the birds __________ (sing).

b But then I heard my brother __________ (slam) the bathroom door.

c Soon I could smell bacon __________ (cook).

d From our hotel window we could see people __________ (play) and

__________ (sunbathe) on the beach.

e I saw her __________ (pick) up the letter from the mat and __________ (rip) open the envelope.

f When I got to the cinema, I spotted my friend __________ (wait) for me.

g Over the years I watched the new airport __________ (build).

h I knew the guests had arrived because I could hear them __________ (laugh) downstairs.

i I've never seen anyone __________ (eat) as much as you do.

j I noticed a girl __________ (shoplift). I saw her __________ (take) a bottle of perfume from a shelf and __________ (put) it in her bag.
B Underline the correct form of the verb.

1. I noticed the man drop/dropping/to drop his ticket so I picked it up for him.

2. I heard the horses come/coming/ to come down the lane so I waited for them to pass before driving on.

3. The old man said he would love have/having/to have the chance to fly in the airplane again.

4. Don’t make the children come/coming/to come with us if they don’t want to.

5. I saw the boy jump/jumping/to jump into the lake before anyone could stop him.
C Complete the sentences by using a suitable word.

1. He heard the phone __________ but it stopped before he could answer it.

2. When I entered his room I saw him __________ his homework.

3. Then I saw him __________ the house, __________ into his car and __________ away.

4. As they were walking past the house, they saw it __________ into flames.

5. I saw Freddie Ljunberg __________ the winning goal for Arsenal in the FA Cup Final.
/adapted from Developing Grammar in Context. Mark Nettle, Diana Hopkins/
Vocabulary Law

1. Look at the expressions in the box below. Which means...

1. 
   suspected of having committed a crime?
   
2. 
   she doesn't follow rules?
   
3. 
   we are all equal in the eyes of the law?
   
4. 
   take revenge without using the legal system?
   
5. 
   bossing people about?
   
6. 
   What I say must be respected?
   
7. 
   illegal?
   
8. 
   obeying and respecting the law?
   
9. 
   legally?
   

a law unto herself laying down the law against the law take the law into my own hands no-one is above the law by law in trouble with the law law-abiding my word is law

2. Complete these sentences with the expressions in 1.

1. 
   After years as a __________ citizen, John decided to rob a bank and flee the country.
   
2. 
   Policeman: You were doing 160 kilometres per hour.
   Prince: Yes, but do you know who I am?
   Policeman: Yes, but __________.
   
3. 
   There was a constable here earlier. I think Mark's __________ again!
   
4. 
   I was tempted to __________ and wring his neck.
   
5. 
   'Do this! Do that! Be back by 10!' My father was always __________.
   
6. 
   You can never tell what Ruth's going to do. She's __________.
   
7. 
   I'm the boss and __________.
   
8. 
   Most Europeans are required __________ to carry ID cards.
   
9. 
   In some countries it's __________ to chew gum.
   

/Inside Out. Advanced. Student’s Book. Ceri Jones, Tania Bastow, Sue Kay and Vaughan Jones/

3. 
   Read the information in the box and fill in the gaps with the suitable word.
   

LAW – what a country says that a person may or may not do; all the laws of a country: the law Is there a law against begging? Stealing is against the law. RULE – an official statement that tells you what you can or cannot do, say, etc, in an institution, a sport  Smoking in the rooms is against the school rules. the rules of football REGULATION – a law or rule that controls how sth is done  fire/safety regulations

1. Without unwritten _______________ civilized life would be impossible.

2. If they entered the building they would be breaking the _________________.

3. This explains the _______________ under which the library operates.

4. In Sweden it is against the __________________ to hit a child.

5. British schools are now required by ______________ to publish their exam results.

6. Under the new _________________ spending on office equipment will be strictly controlled.

7. The reforms have recently become __________________.

8. Do not think you are above the ________________?

9. It is a _________________ of the sea to help another boat in distress.

10. There are strict __________________ governing the sale of weapons.

11. The golden _______________ in tennis is to keep your eye on the ball.
/adapted from Oxford Adavanced Learner’s Dictionary/

Unit 2

Grammar Spot Reported statements and questions

Direct Speech is the exact words someone said. We use inverted commas in Direct Speech. “I won’t be back before 7.00,” he said.

Reported Speech is the exact meaning of what someone said but not the exact words. We do not use inverted commas in Reported Speech. He said he wouldn’t be back before 7.00.

Say – Tell – Ask

 Say is used in Direct Speech. It is also used in Reported Speech when say is not followed by the person the words were spoken to. (Direct Speech) “I can fix it,” he said. (Reported Speech) He said he could fix it.  Tell is used in Reported Speech when it is followed by the person the words were spoken to. (Direct Speech) “I can do it,” he said to me. (Reported Speech) He told me he could do it.  Ask is used in reported questions and commands. Ask is also used in direct questions. He said to me, “Please, don’t go!”He asked me not to go. He asked, “Are you OK?”He asked me if I was OK.  We can use say + to-infinitive but never “say about”. We use tell sb, speak/talk about, instead. The boss said to work harder. He spoke/talked about his trips. He told us about his trips. Expressions with say say good morning/evening etc, say something, say one’s prayers, say a few words, say so, say no more, say for certain etc Expressions with tell tell the truth, tell a lie, tell (sb) the time, tell sb one’s name, tell a story, tell a secret, tell sb the way, tell one from another, tell sb’s fortune, tell sb so, tell the difference etc Expressions with ask ask a favour, ask the time, ask a question, ask the price etc

1. Fill in: say, tell or ask in the correct form.

First the headmaster 1) said good morning. Then he 2)__________us that the police had been

3)________ questions about hooliganism at school. The police 4)_________ that some pupils had been breaking windows. Several boys were 5)________ if they knew anything, but of course they 6)_________nothing. They were probably 7)_________ lies. The headmaster 8)________ us all for information. He 9)_________we must 10)__________ him the names of those involved. Well, I know who they were. But I can’t 11) _________ him the secret. 12)________ the truth is not always easy, is it?
2. Underline the correct item.

1. I can only help you if you say / tell me the problem. 2. My mother said/told to turn the oven on at 6 o'clock. 3. The doctor said / told, "You'd better stay in bed for two days." 4. My dentist told / said me to eat less chocolate.

5. Tom told / said he would be late home. 6. The teacher said / told us to do the exercise. 7. I like listening to him when he says / talks about his youth. 8. He won't be punished if he says / tells what happened.

Direct Speech "I work hard," he said. "I am working hard," he said. "I have worked hard," he said. "I worked hard," he said. "I will work hard," he said. "I have been working hard," he said. “I am going to work harder," he said. "I can work harder," he said. "I may work harder," he said. "I must work harder," he said. "I should work harder," he said. "I ought to work harder," he said. "Do you work hard enough?" she said to him. "Work harder!" she said to him.

Reported Speech He said (that) he worked hard. He said (that) he was working hard. He said (that) he had worked hard. He said (that) he had worked hard. He said (that) he would work hard. He said (that) he had been working hard. He said (that) he was going to work harder. He said (that) he could work harder. He said (that) he might work harder. He said (that) he had to/must work harder. He said (that) he should work harder. He said (that) he ought to work harder. She asked him if he worked hard enough. She told him to work harder.