Практическая мму практикум по речевому общению. Занятие Тема Знакомство. Внешность. Одежда. Правила поведения и дресскода
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Answer the following questions:Why do people wear clothes? What does the amount and type of clothing worn depend on? 3.What social and cultural functions does clothing perform? 4.What specific hazards can clothing protect from? 5.What type of clothing is called unisex? Complete the following sentences using information from the text:1.Сlothing can serve as protection from … 2.Shelter can reduce the … Clothes can insulate against … It is generally acceptable for a woman to … 5.Not all body coverings are regarded as … Summarise the key points of the text and retell it.Translate the text in a written form. RULES OF BEHAVIORAnswer the following questions: What is considered to be good behavior in modern society? What examples of bad behavior have you ever faced? What are the best ways of managing problematic behavior? Read the text silently and then out aloud.Rules of behavior is a set of rules outlining the norms, rules, and responsibilities of, or proper practices for, an individual, a party or an organization. Related concepts include ethical, honor, moral codes, norms of behaviour and religious laws. For example, a company code of conduct is a set of rules, which is commonly written for employees of a company, which protects the business and informs the employees of the company's expectations. It is appropriate for even the smallest of companies to create a document containing important information on expectations for employees. The document does not need to be complex, or have elaborate policies. Failure of an employee to follow a company code of conduct can have negative consequences. A code of conduct can be an important part in establishing an inclusive culture, but it is not a comprehensive solution on its own. An ethical culture is created by the organization's leaders who manifest their ethics in their attitudes and behavior. Studies of codes of conduct in the private sector show that their effective implementation must be part of a learning process that requires training, consistent enforcement, and continuous improvement. Simply requiring members to read the code is not enough to ensure that they understand it and will remember its contents. The proof of effectiveness is when employees feel comfortable enough to voice concerns and believe that the organization will respond with appropriate action. Fundamental British values reflect life in modern Britain. These values are Democracy, Rule of Law, Respect and Tolerance, Individual Liberty. Fundamental British values underpin what it is to be a citizen in a modern and diverse Great Britain valuing our community and celebrating diversity of the UK. Fundamental British values are not exclusive to being British and are shared by other democratic countries as a way of creating an orderly society, where individual members can feel safe, valued and can contribute for the good of themselves and others. A social norm is the accepted behavior that an individual is expected to conform to in a particular group, community, or culture. These norms often serve a useful purpose and create the foundation of correct behaviors. In other words, social norms allow you to expect the events that will occur in a particular setting. This allows you to prepare yourself for a situation and reduces the amount of stress that you would feel leading up to a situation that you felt uncertain of what was expected. Social norms are most noticeable when they are not followed. They remain stable because most people are taught to follow them and agree to do so willingly. Even if a person does not feel like following a social norm, he or she may do it because of the social pressure that is placed on him or her to conform. For example, in the United States, it is customary to give gifts during the winter holiday season. These gifts may vary from baking cookies for your neighbor to receiving a holiday bonus at work. It is so much a part of the culture that most people do it automatically. Let us say that you suddenly decide that you do not want to give gifts during the holidays. It may not be easy to change your actions. If you stop giving gifts, others may think that you are selfish. It might also make you feel uncomfortable when someone gives you a gift. You do not want others to think poorly of you, and you do not want to feel uncomfortable, so you do not change your behavior and continue giving gifts during the holidays. Our day-to-day behaviour is influenced strongly by what we understand to be the prevailing social norms or social customs. Social norms become accepted by the majority of a given community of people. Examples of social norms are the following: The changing social stigma of drink driving and driving safely including observing speed limits. Observing white lines in car parks. Queuing behaviour in shops. Social norms about how much effort we put in at work. Impact on people’s behaviour of smoking bans in public places. Making seat belts compulsory – this appears to have created new habits or conventions, which became self-sustaining. Social norms about giving, e.g. for charitable fund-raising. Social norms around paying taxes. Corruption may become an engrained social norm in different societies. Individuals are not robots. Rather, people are malleable and emotional actors whose decision making is influenced by contextual cues, local social networks and social norms, and shared mental models. It is important to understand that most of the decisions we take are hugely contextual. Social network effects can amplify different types of behaviour (both good and bad). Influencing or nudging people to think socially may prompt significant behavioural change. Individuals are social animals who are influenced by social preferences, social networks, social identities, and social norms When you do not conform to the social norms that are accepted by your culture or group, it is considered an abnormal behavior. This is called deviance. There are varying degrees of deviance that are accepted by different groups. However, you face being rejected by the group if your disobedience to social norms is too excessive to be tolerated. Imagine you enter an elevator full of people and, rather than turning to face the door, you continue to face the other people in the elevator. At best, you will receive some uncomfortable looks from the other people in the elevator. This is because you are showing deviance to the social norm of turning around to face the door in an elevator. Your behavior makes the other members of the group feel uncomfortable. If they feel too uncomfortable, they may avoid getting into an elevator with you in the future.
1.A company code of conduct is written for employers of a company. 2.Fundamental British values are shared by other democratic countries. 3.An abnormal behavior is called deviance. Corruption may become an engrained social norm in different societies. Individuals are not influenced by social preferences and social norms. |