ответы нико егэ английский. Задание на заочник. I want a job!
 Скачать 148.8 Kb.
|
|
Задание 1 1.Прочитайте приведённые ниже тексты. Преобразуйте, если необходимо, слова, напечатанные заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 19–24, так, чтобы они грамматически соответствовали содержанию текстов. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 19–24. I want a job! A French man tried a new way to get a job. He 19 ______________ his résumé on a billboard next to a busy road. PUT It showed the man wearing a Santa Claus hat with a message: “Trilingual operations manager seeks position in tourism and leisure.” The man 20______________to pay. NOT HAVE He saved 2,000 euros because the company that owns the billboard decided to give the space for free. About 70,000 people a day could see the CV from their car. This idea worked. A holiday resort gave 21______________ a job. HE He started it ten days after putting his résumé on the billboard. No more public phones The end is coming for New York’s public payphones. New York City officials said workers 22______________ all public payphones REMOVE from the city’s streets. Payphones used to be everywhere in the city — on every street corner and in every park and public place. Many New Yorkers probably won’t even notice the phones are going. Most younger people 23______________ one since birth. NOT SEE They may even have to read the instructions to use a phone. Modern technology means the public phones 24______________. NOT NEED 2. Прочитайте приведённый ниже текст. Образуйте от слов, напечатанных заглавными буквами в конце строк, обозначенных номерами 25–29, однокоренные слова так, чтобы они грамматически и лексически соответствовали содержанию текста. Заполните пропуски полученными словами. Каждый пропуск соответствует отдельному заданию из группы 25–29. Otters’ role in the ecology of rivers Furry river otters often sound like squeaky toys. They like to fight each other or frolic in the water. Seeing these cute, 25 _______________ animals is good fun. It is also good news for the environment. PLAY The 26_______________ of otters can indicate how strong the environment is. POPULAR The otters experienced a steep drop in numbers in the 1900s. This was because of extensive fur 27_______________ and toxins in the water. HUNT They are not considered endangered today, though. Otters look for habitats with clean water and a lot of 28_______________ fish. HEALTH Researchers look for contaminants and parasites in otter poop. This helps 29_______________ learn about the health of the surrounding environment and its food sources. SCIENCE 3. Прочитайте текст с пропусками, обозначенными номерами 30-36. Эти номера соответствуют заданиям 30-36, в которых представлены возможные варианты ответов. Запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа. Angela Angela loved the excitement of being back on a movie set. It made her unbelievably 30 ______, surrounded by a crew, which almost always became like one big family. Since marrying Jeff, she hadn’t worked at all, and she’d genuinely missed it. She especially 31 ______ being treated like a star. Jeff was the star in their household, and she was his wife — a role she’d never coveted. She’d always had a burning desire to be equally as important, and now she planned on 32 ______ her objective one way or the other. The director of the movie was Linda Brennan, an interesting and smart woman who’d been around Hollywood for quite some time. Linda wrote and directed all her own projects, preferring to maintain control, which was one of the 33 ______ she worked mostly for cable TV, where she found she could get the freedom she desired. Being a female film director was not easy. If a male director made a film that flopped at the box office, he soon got another 34 ______. If a female director did the same thing, her career was almost over. Linda had done the unusual — she’d survived in what was basically a male arena. When Linda strode onto the set, everyone took notice. She was a lean, strikinglooking woman with gold-flecked tiger eyes. Angela and Linda hit it off immediately. Angela was secretly thrilled that Linda had 35 ______ her for the part. No interviews, no auditions, she was the actress of choice, and that boosted her 36 ______. She accepted the role. 30 1) convenient 2) comfortable 3) competent 4) compassionate Ответ: _____ 31 1) pleased 2) wished 3) enjoyed 4) longed Ответ: _____ 32 1) achieving 2) succeeding 3) managing 4) resulting Ответ: _____ 33 1) motives 2) reasons 3) intentions 4) purposes Ответ: _____ 34 1) affair 2) event 3) matter 4) deal Ответ: _____ 35 1) recalled 2) reviewed 3) recovered 4) requested Ответ: _____ 36 1) confidence 2) conviction 3) assurance 4) assertion Ответ: _____ Задание 2 1-1. Проанализируйте заголовки и определите вероятную общую тему всех текстов.
1-2. Выделите ключевые слова в заголовках.
1-3. Просмотрите тексты, выделите ключевые слова в каждом из текстов. A. The strongest sense for dogs is smell. In comparison to humans, dogs have almost 25 percent more scent receptors. As a result, dogs have an excellent sense of smell. Just as many humans rely on their sense of sight to navigate, dogs rely on their sense of smell to understand and explore their surroundings. Dogs can smell scents about 100,000 times more acutely than humans. Because of their acute and accurate sense of smell, some breeds of dog are unique indeed. B. The word “dog” refers to a species of animals within the canine family. Dogs typically live within households and are owned by people as pets or as working dogs, which makes them domestic for the most part. There are some very friendly dogs that are great for families with children of all ages. Since dogs can pick up scents that humans cannot detect, they are also valuable additions to law enforcement teams, where they perform activities like smelling for drugs and weapons. C. While most dogs, by today’s standards, would be considered to be of the domestic variety, there are many different species of canines that live in the wild and are feral. Some examples of feral dogs are coyotes, wolves, jackals and dingoes. These feral species can be found throughout the world in some parts of North America, Africa, Asia and Europe. In some cases, these dogs are dangerous to humans. Canines like wolves and coyotes are often a nuisance to farmers and livestock. D. Although pit bulls, German shepherds and rottweilers are often considered the most aggressive breeds of dog, any dog of any breed can be aggressive. Research shows that training and socialization are more important than breed in predicting aggression. According to the Smithsonian Institution, most researchers report that any puppy can grow into an aggressive dog in future. Dominance-based training methods are very often linked to increased aggressive behaviours. E. While any dog breed or mix can be affectionate, some breeds, such as retrievers, have a reputation for being extra friendly. Other dogs like huskies require a little more interaction and attention in order to earn their affection, which gives them a less-affectionate reputation. All dogs require attention and the proper training and care. German shepherds, for example, are so caring and affectionate of their owners that they experience separation anxiety when left alone for too long. F. Those who prefer small dogs often choose breeds, such as Spitz, Maltese and toy poodle, which all typically weigh less than 5 pounds. Many of these breeds are referred to as “toy” versions of a particular breed. Breeders selectively breed small or toy-sized dogs to create even smaller dogs that they classify as teacup size. The Yorkshire dogs, commonly known as Yorkies, were bred to be rat hunters. Even with their small stature, Yorkies may try to pick fights with larger dogs. G. The most common criterion for measuring intelligence in dogs is how easy the dog is to train. Researchers look at how quickly the dog can figure out what the trainer is asking for, how likely the dog is to repeat the action, how many commands the dog can learn and how long it can retain a learned command without reinforcement. However, these results can be skewed by the different ways some breeds interact with people. The most intelligent breeds of dog are working breeds. Задание 3
A. The strongest sense for dogs is smell. In comparison to humans, dogs have almost 25 percent more scent receptors. As a result, dogs have an excellent sense of smell. Just as many humans rely on their sense of sight to navigate, dogs rely on their sense of smell to understand and explore their surroundings. Dogs can smell scents about 100,000 times more acutely than humans. Because of their acute and accurate sense of smell, some breeds of dog are unique indeed. B. The word “dog” refers to a species of animals within the canine family. Dogs typically live within households and are owned by people as pets or as working dogs, which makes them domestic for the most part. There are some very friendly dogs that are great for families with children of all ages. Since dogs can pick up scents that humans cannot detect, they are also valuable additions to law enforcement teams, where they perform activities like smelling for drugs and weapons. C. While most dogs, by today’s standards, would be considered to be of the domestic variety, there are many different species of canines that live in the wild and are feral. Some examples of feral dogs are coyotes, wolves, jackals and dingoes. These feral species can be found throughout the world in some parts of North America, Africa, Asia and Europe. In some cases, these dogs are dangerous to humans. Canines like wolves and coyotes are often a nuisance to farmers and livestock. D. Although pit bulls, German shepherds and rottweilers are often considered the most aggressive breeds of dog, any dog of any breed can be aggressive. Research shows that training and socialization are more important than breed in predicting aggression. According to the Smithsonian Institution, most researchers report that any puppy can grow into an aggressive dog in future. Dominance-based training methods are very often linked to increased aggressive behaviours. E. While any dog breed or mix can be affectionate, some breeds, such as retrievers, have a reputation for being extra friendly. Other dogs like huskies require a little more interaction and attention in order to earn their affection, which gives them a less-affectionate reputation. All dogs require attention and the proper training and care. German shepherds, for example, are so caring and affectionate of their owners that they experience separation anxiety when left alone for too long. F. Those who prefer small dogs often choose breeds, such as Spitz, Maltese and toy poodle, which all typically weigh less than 5 pounds. Many of these breeds are referred to as “toy” versions of a particular breed. Breeders selectively breed small or toy-sized dogs to create even smaller dogs that they classify as teacup size. The Yorkshire dogs, commonly known as Yorkies, were bred to be rat hunters. Even with their small stature, Yorkies may try to pick fights with larger dogs. G. The most common criterion for measuring intelligence in dogs is how easy the dog is to train. Researchers look at how quickly the dog can figure out what the trainer is asking for, how likely the dog is to repeat the action, how many commands the dog can learn and how long it can retain a learned command without reinforcement. However, these results can be skewed by the different ways some breeds interact with people. The most intelligent breeds of dog are working breeds. 2-2. Ответьтенавопросы: 1. Почему для текста B вы не выбрали ответ 2? 2. Почему для текста В вы не выбрали ответ 6? 3. Почему для текста С вы не выбрали ответ 8? 4. Какой вариант ответа, кроме ответа 2, теоретически возможен для текста Е? Почему правильным является ответ 2? 5. Какое слово в тексте Bможет служить примером языковой догадки? 6. Почему слово feral в тексте C не мешает пониманию текста? 7. Как из текста E, не зная значения слова affectionate, понять, что это прилагательное описывает положительное качество, в данном случае — собаки? Задание 4 3-1. Прочитайте фрагменты предложений и выделите в них ключевые слова, которые могут помочь при заполнении пропусков. 1. but it was decided to give Muscovites 2. which was completely demolished in 2006 3. a space where visitors may wander freely 4. which was designed by an international consortium 5. an unattractive urban landscape in the city’s suburb 6. which has brought “wild urbanism” into Moscow to 7. that Zaryadye Park will provide an entirely new outlook 3-2. Ответьте на вопросы: 1. Какие фрагменты наверняка являются придаточными определительными предложениями? 2. Существительные в форме какого числа они определяют? 3. Какое из этих придаточных не может служить окончанием предложения и почему? 4. Что может последовать за этим предложением? 5. Какой еще фрагмент не может являться окончанием предложения и почему? 6. После какого фрагмента возможно употребление дополнения с предлогом ‘on’? 7. Какие фрагменты могут или являться уточняющей информацией, или быть продолжением незаконченной части предложения? 8. Какой фрагмент может являться придаточным изъяснительным? 9. Перед каким фрагментом не может стоять запятая? 10. Какой фрагмент противопоставляется по смыслу предыдущей части предложения в тексте и почему? 11. Какой фрагмент может описывать здание или какую-либо конструкцию и почему можно сделать такой вывод? Задание 5 4-1. Просмотрите текст и выделите в нем ключевые слова. Zaryadye Park in Moscow For its 870th birthday, Moscow got a gift that will keep on giving — Zaryadye Park. Zaryadye Park is the newest and most modern park of Moscow. It is the city’s first large-scale park in 50 years, A_____________________ perhaps transform the international perception of Russia’s capital. The amazing 35-acre park, B_____________________, samples the country’s distinct regional landscapes: steppes, tundra, wetlands and forests. They are all beautifully set not far from the Kremlin and Red Square. Apart from the 70-metre-high “floating” bridge over the Moskva River, the park features an amphitheater, five pavilions, and a concert hall. The park stands in the historic district and on the former site of the old Soviet hotel, C_____________________. The initial idea was to turn the site into a retail complex, D_____________________ a new public green space instead. Harmonizing urban life and nature, the architects created E_____________________. Zaryadye Park will be perfect for a short period of rest among its 750 gardens. Visitors can also enjoy a spectacular view from the “floating bridge,” explore Moscow with a multimedia flight simulator and walk through an ice cave. Apart from being an exceptional architectural project and a futuristic public space, some people expect F_____________________ on Moscow and Russia in general. 4-2. Заполните пропуски A–F в тексте выше частями предложений, обозначенными цифрами 1–7. 1. but it was decided to give Muscovites 2. which was completely demolished in 2006 3. a space where visitors may wander freely 4. which was designed by an international consortium 5. an unattractive urban landscape in the city’s suburb 6. which has brought “wild urbanism” into Moscow to 7. that Zaryadye Park will provide an entirely new outlook 4-3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы: 1. Какой вариант ответа, кроме 4, теоретически возможен для пропуска B? 2. Почему для пропуска С ответ 4 является грамматически неправильным? 3. Почему для пропуска Е невозможен ответ 5? Задание 6 5-1. Прочитайте вопросы 12–18 к тексту, затем бегло прочитайте текст и определите, к какому параграфу относится каждый из вопросов 12–18. 12. Which is true about the author’s study course? 13. The verb “tucking in” in paragraph 2 (“…maybe tucking in a study session during lunch…”) is closest in meaning to… 14. What does the author remember most about his studies? 15. According to the article, online learning programmes… 16. The phrase “that loss” in paragraph 5 (“…it can counter that loss though…”) most probably refers to… 17. What is the author’s opinion of online education? 18. The author asks a question at the end of the article to show that… Online learning I graduated with academic honours without ever meeting my professors, embarking on an all-nighter with classmates and, technically, never having gone to a class at all. I was an online-only student, and as online degree programmes grow in popularity, my past three years of study were a crash-course in the unique challenges of learning online, as well as a glimpse into what the future of higher education might look like. My school day looked very different than most: rather than loading up my backpack and heading to class, I would wake up, eat breakfast while doing my first round of schoolwork for the day, and spend a few hours finishing assignments. Then, I’d head off to work, maybe tucking in a study session during lunch before wrapping up homework or preparing for exams in the evening. Saturday and Sunday became two of my busiest school days and I became an expert at working everywhere from my desk to the car. Some of my most vivid undergraduate memories were of completing a term paper on the floor backstage at the ballet performance I was managing, and stumbling home after a full day of work to begin school that evening. Just like traditional universities, I had papers, exams, and grades — only, there were no office hours and no such thing as sick days. Enrolment in online learning programmes has grown over the past few years, with more than a quarter of students enrolled in at least one online course. But too many misconceptions still persist around the experience of being an online-only student — for example, that an online degree doesn’t carry the same level of prestige as a traditional one. By contrast, online learning enabled me to hone skills such as self-motivation and time management that ultimately made me a better student, and later, a more prepared young adult. There are differences between traditional university time management, and the commitment required to study online. You attend an in-person class for a select period of time in which you are entirely focused on that subject. In an online programme, you must be able to self-motivate and manage multiple courses in the limited time that you are able to provide for yourself. Although online study may eliminate the social aspect of in-person education, it can counter that loss through the ability to increase personal productivity. With no set class hours, an online student defines their own schedule, a significant reason why so many working students are drawn to online degree programmes. Given that about 70 per cent of students work while attending school and that students in the USA and the UK want more flexibility than ever from their education, gone are the days of a “typical” university experience. In terms of academic tradition, it is important to point out that distance learning is hardly new, although developments in technology are recent. The concept of higher learning through “correspondence courses” is more than 170 years old, and with the addition of modern technology and desire for increased flexibility, is an inarguable part of the future of universities. I may not have spent afternoons sprawled out on the campus quad, but my online experience added more things to my education than it subtracted. As the world changes rapidly and the workforce evolves with it, options like online learning create fabulous opportunities for students to take charge of what their learning and life will look like. Whatmorecanweaskfromeducation, really? 5-2. Прочитайте вопросы 12–18 и подчеркните в тексте ключевые слова, которые могут помочь вам правильно выбрать ответ. 12. Which is true about the author’s study course? 1) He studied technical subjects. 2) He had a unique programme. 3) He got mostly excellent marks. 4) He spent little time studying. 13. The verb “tucking in” in paragraph 2 (“…maybe tucking in a study session during lunch…”) is closest in meaning to… 1) missing. 2) squeezing. 3) attending. 4) arranging. 14. What does the author remember most about his studies? 1) He combined work and studies. 2) He attended some interesting events. 3) He had more exams than others. 4) He was never ill during his studies. 15. According to the article, online learning programmes… 1) have reduced the number of courses to one at a time. 2) are perceived as less valuable than traditional ones. 3) are chosen by less than 25 per cent of students. 4) suit those who study management and motivation. 16. The phrase “that loss” in paragraph 5 (“…it can counter that loss though…”) most probably refers to… 1) self-motivation skills. 2) managing many courses. 3) educational efficiency. 4) face-to-face interaction 17. What is the author’s opinion of online education? 1) It is suitable only for students who work. 2) It needs to become more flexible. 3) It is typical of the USA and the UK. 4) It will develop more in the future. 18. The author asks a question at the end of the article to show that… 1) online education has a number of disadvantages. 2) his online degree programme was better than others. 3) he missed the time traditional students spent on campus. 4) online education is suitable for the modern reality 5-3. Выполнитезадания 12–18. Online learning I graduated with academic honours without ever meeting my professors, embarking on an all-nighter with classmates and, technically, never having gone to a class at all. I was an online-only student, and as online degree programmes grow in popularity, my past three years of study were a crash-course in the unique challenges of learning online, as well as a glimpse into what the future of higher education might look like. My school day looked very different than most: rather than loading up my backpack and heading to class, I would wake up, eat breakfast while doing my first round of schoolwork for the day, and spend a few hours finishing assignments. Then, I’d head off to work, maybe tucking in a study session during lunch before wrapping up homework or preparing for exams in the evening. Saturday and Sunday became two of my busiest school days and I became an expert at working everywhere from my desk to the car. Some of my most vivid undergraduate memories were of completing a term paper on the floor backstage at the ballet performance I was managing, and stumbling home after a full day of work to begin school that evening. Just like traditional universities, I had papers, exams, and grades — only, there were no office hours and no such thing as sick days. Enrolment in online learning programmes has grown over the past few years, with more than a quarter of students enrolled in at least one online course. But too many misconceptions still persist around the experience of being an online-only student — for example, that an online degree doesn’t carry the same level of prestige as a traditional one. By contrast, online learning enabled me to hone skills such as self-motivation and time management that ultimately made me a better student, and later, a more prepared young adult. There are differences between traditional university time management, and the commitment required to study online. You attend an in-person class for a select period of time in which you are entirely focused on that subject. In an online programme, you must be able to self-motivate and manage multiple courses in the limited time that you are able to provide for yourself. Although online study may eliminate the social aspect of in-person education, it can counter that loss through the ability to increase personal productivity. With no set class hours, an online student defines their own schedule, a significant reason why so many working students are drawn to online degree programmes. Given that about 70 per cent of students work while attending school and that students in the USA and the UK want more flexibility than ever from their education, gone are the days of a “typical” university experience. In terms of academic tradition, it is important to point out that distance learning is hardly new, although developments in technology are recent. The concept of higher learning through “correspondence courses” is more than 170 years old, and with the addition of modern technology and desire for increased flexibility, is an inarguable part of the future of universities. I may not have spent afternoons sprawled out on the campus quad, but my online experience added more things to my education than it subtracted. As the world changes rapidly and the workforce evolves with it, options like online learning create fabulous opportunities for students to take charge of what their learning and life will look like. What more can we ask from education, really? 12. Which is true about the author’s study course? 1) He studied technical subjects. 2) He had a unique programme. 3) He got mostly excellent marks. 4) He spent little time studying. 13. The verb “tucking in” in paragraph 2 (“…maybe tucking in a study session during lunch…”) is closest in meaning to… 1) missing. 2) squeezing. 3) attending. 4) arranging. 14. What does the author remember most about his studies? 1) He combined work and studies. 2) He attended some interesting events. 3) He had more exams than others. 4) He was never ill during his studies. 15. According to the article, online learning programmes… 1) have reduced the number of courses to one at a time. 2) are perceived as less valuable than traditional ones. 3) are chosen by less than 25 per cent of students. 4) suit those who study management and motivation. 16. The phrase “that loss” in paragraph 5 (“…it can counter that loss though…”) most probably refers to… 1) self-motivation skills. 2) managing many courses. 3) educational efficiency. 4) face-to-face interaction 17. What is the author’s opinion of online education? 1) It is suitable only for students who work. 2) It needs to become more flexible. 3) It is typical of the USA and the UK. 4) It will develop more in the future. 18. The author asks a question at the end of the article to show that… 1) online education has a number of disadvantages. 2) his online degree programme was better than others. 3) he missed the time traditional students spent on campus. 4) online education is suitable for the modern reality 5-4. Ответьте на вопросы: 1. Какие слова в параграфе 1 могут помешать учащимся выбрать правильный ответ к заданию 12 и почему? 2. Почему в задании 12 не подходит ответ 2? 3. Почему в задании 13 правильным является ответ 2? 4. Почему в задании 14 не подходит ответ 4? 5. Какое слово употребляется в тексте для обозначения 25 %? 6. Какое сочетание слов в тексте является синонимичным сочетанию face-to-face interaction в задании 16? 7. Какое «экстремальное» слово в задании 17 не позволяет выбрать в качестве правильного ответ, содержащий данное слово? 8. Почему в задании 18 не подходят альтернативные ответы 1, 3? Задание 7 An Old House A man was tired of living in his old house. He decided to sell it and buy a 19 ___________one. GOOD He attempted to sell it but was not successful so at last he decided to solve the problem by 20 __________________ an estate agent. USE The estate agent advertised the house and the owner saw a wonderful description of the house and 21_______________ gardens. IT Then he said, “I can see that I like my house very much and don’t want to sell it”. Isaac Newton’s Dinner Newton was very absent-minded. One day a gentleman came to see him but Isaac Newton was busy. As it was dinner time, the visitor 22 __________________ in the dining-room to wait for the scientist. SIT An hour passed but Newton 23 _________________, so the gentleman ate the scientist’s dinner. NOT APPEAR When Newton came and saw no dinner, he exclaimed, “What a strange set we scientists are! I quite forgot that I 24 __________________ already”. DINE |