пересказ 2. St. Petersburg
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St. Petersburg Modern St. Petersburg is the second largest Russian city after Moscow. The city is located in the north-west corner of Russia and lies on the either side of the Neva and on the coast of the Gulf of Finland. The city is marvelously flat as it lies on the site of former marshes. Современный Санкт-Петербург-второй по величине город России после Москвы. Город расположен в северо-западной части России и лежит по обе стороны Невы и на побережье Финского залива. Город удивительно плоский, так как лежит на месте бывших болот. The Neva is a wide river but it is not very long. It runs from the Lake of Ladoga into the Baltic Sea. A lot of small rivers flow into the Neva, creating many islands. The city lies on 42 of these islands. Three hundred and sixty-three bridges cross the rivers and canals in the city. At night some bridges rise high over the Neva and let the large ships pass up and down the river. Нева – река широкая, но не очень длинная. Она течет от Ладожского озера в Балтийское море. В Неву впадает множество небольших рек, образующих множество островов. Город расположен на 42 из этих островов. Триста шестьдесят три моста пересекают реки и каналы в городе. По ночам над Невой высоко поднимаются мосты и пропускают большие суда вверх и вниз по реке. St. Petersburg is rightly considered one of the finest cities in the world. Its straight and broad streets, large squares, magnificent architectural ensembles, granite embankments, wonderful historical and cultural memorials evoke the admiration of all visitors. “Venice of the North” is not the only poetic name given to St. Petersburg by its visitors. Санкт-Петербург по праву считается одним из прекраснейших городов мира. Его прямые и широкие улицы, большие площади, великолепные архитектурные ансамбли, гранитные набережные, замечательные исторические и культурные памятники вызывают восхищение всех посетителей. “Северная Венеция” – не единственное поэтическое название, данное Петербургу его посетителями. St. Petersburg may be called the city of museums, and very aptly, for it has about fifty historical, art and memorial museums. Among them is the Hermitage, one of the world’s largest art galleries and museums of the history of culture, and the State Russian Museum, with its outstanding collection of works of Russian art. Санкт-Петербург можно назвать городом музеев, и очень удачно, так как в нем насчитывается около пятидесяти исторических, художественных и мемориальных музеев. Среди них Эрмитаж, одна из крупнейших в мире художественных галерей и музеев истории культуры, и Государственный Русский музей с его выдающейся коллекцией произведений русского искусства. There are many places of interest in St. Petersburg. The Peter and Paul Fortress is one of them. It is considered to be the birthplace of the city. The fortress was built in 1703 by the order of Peter the Great to protect the lands along the banks of the Neva from Sweden. Since 1923 it has been a historical museum. The Cathedral of Peter and Paul which gave its name to the fortress is a remarkable monument of architecture of the early 18th century. In his desire to stress the importance of the new city, Peter I ordered the bell tower with the spire to be taller than that of Ivan the Great in Moscow. So the architect Domenico Trezzini designed the tower which measured 137 meters. The Cathedral has become a part of the historical museum. The Spit of the Vassilyevsky Isiand is one of the most beautiful places in the city. The port was situated there till the middle of the 19th century. We can still see two rostral columns used as light-houses. Besides the Strelka ensemble there are other outstanding buildings erected on the Vassilyevsky Island in the 18th and 19'h centuries. The oldest of them is the Menshikov Palace. The former building of “Twelve Collegiae”, or twelve ministries of Peter I is now the St. Petersburg State University, the oldest of Russian higher schools. We can also see the Academy of Sciences, the so-called Chamber of Curiosities and the Academy of Fine Arts there. The Palace Square is the main square of the city. It reminds us of many important historical events. The ensemble of the Palace Square was meant to glorify the victory of Russia over Napoleon in 1812. It owes its name to the Winter Palace built in 1762 by Rastrelli as the tsar’s residence. Now the State Hermitage exhibits its collections in it. The former General Headquarters building is located in the background of the square. It is famous for having the longest facade in Europe, it is 580 meters long. In the center of the square there is the triumphal column called the Alexander Column. This is the largest granite monolith of the world. The architectural ensemble of the square was completed by the Headquarters guards built in 1848 by Bryullov. Our city has always played a great role in developing science and culture both of Russia and the world. The first Russian Academy of Sciences and the first Russian University were set up here. It was in this city that the eminent Russian scientist Mendeleyev drew up the famous periodic table of chemical elements, that Popov invented radio. Here it was that Rosing proposed the first system of television and in 1911 succeeded in transmitting images over a distance. Today St. Petersburg has about 300 research institutes and more than 80 higher educational establishments. |