Инглиш. Тема 1 Career in Computing Systems Analyst, Software EngineerDesigner
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Тема 1: Career in Computing: Systems Analyst, Software Engineer/Designer Systems Analyst Studies methods of working to decide how tasks can be done by computers. Makes a analysis of the employer's requirements and work patterns to prepare a report on different opinions for using information technology. Either uses standard computer packages or writes a specification for programmers to adapt existing or to prepare new software. May oversee the implementation and testing of a system and acts as a link between the user and the programmer. Изучает методы работы, чтобы решить, как задачи могут быть выполнены с помощью компьютеров. Проводит анализ требований и характера работы работодателя с целью подготовки доклада о различных мнениях в отношении использования информационной технологии. Либо использует стандартные компьютерные пакеты, либо пишет спецификацию для программистов, чтобы адаптировать существующее или подготовить новое программное обеспечение. Может осуществлять надзор за внедрением и тестированием системы и выступать в качестве связующего звена между пользователем и программистом. Software Engineer/Designer Produces the programs which control the internal operations of computers. Converts the system analyst's specification to a logical series of steps. Translates these into the appropriate computer language. Often compiles programs from libraries or sub-programs, combining these to make up a complete systems program. Designs, tests, and improves programs for computer-aided design and manufacture, business applications, computer networks, and games. Производит программы, которые контролируют внутренние операции компьютеров. Преобразует спецификацию системного аналитика в логический ряд шагов. Переводит их на соответствующий компьютерный язык. Часто компилирует программы из библиотек или подпрограмм, комбинируя их для создания полной системной программы. Разрабатывает, тестирует и совершенствует программы для автоматизированного проектирования и производства, бизнес-приложений, компьютерных сетей и игр. Тема 2: Career in Computing: Computer Salesperson, Computer Systems Support Person Computer Salesperson Advises potential customers about available hardware and sells equipment to suit individual requirements. Discusses computing needs with the client to ensure that a suitable system can he supplied. Organizes the sale and delivery and, if necessary, installation and testing. May arrange support or training, maintenance, and consultation. Must have sufficient technical knowledge. Консультирует потенциальных клиентов об имеющихся аппаратных средствах и продает оборудование для удовлетворения индивидуальных потребностей. Обсуждает вычислительные потребности с клиентом, чтобы убедиться, что он может предоставить подходящую систему. Организует продажу и поставку и, при необходимости, установку и тестирование. Может организовать поддержку или обучение, техническое обслуживание и консультации. Должны обладать достаточными техническими знаниями. Computer Systems Support Person Systems support people are analyst programmers who are responsible for maintaining, updating, and modifying the software used by a company. Some specialize in software which handles the basic operation of the computers. This involves the use of machine codes and specialized low-level computer languages. Most handle applications software. May sort out problems encountered by users. Solving problems may involve amending an area of code in the software, retrieving files and data lost when a system crashes, and a basic knowledge of hardware. Специалисты по системной поддержке - аналитики-программисты, отвечающие за обслуживание, обновление и модификацию программного обеспечения, используемого компанией. Некоторые специализируются на программном обеспечении, которое управляет основной работой компьютеров. Это включает использование машинных кодов и специализированных низкоуровневых компьютерных языков. Большинство работает с прикладным программным обеспечением. Может решить проблемы, с которыми сталкиваются пользователи. Решение проблем может включать в себя изменение области кода в программном обеспечении, извлечение файлов и данных, утраченных при сбое системы, и базовые знания аппаратного обеспечения. Тема 3: Career in Computing: Computer Systems Analyst Programmer, Hardware Engineer Computer Systems Analyst Programmer Creates the software programs used by computers. May specialize in the internal operating systems using low level computer language, or in applications programs. May specialize in one aspect of the work, e.g. programming, systems design, systems analysis, or cover them all. May support the system through advice and training, providing user manuals, and by helping users with any problems that arise. Создает программы, используемые компьютерами. Может специализироваться на внутренних операционных системах, использующих низкоуровневый компьютерный язык, или в прикладных программах. Может специализироваться на одном аспекте работы, т.е. программировании, проектировании систем, системном анализе, или охватывать все эти аспекты. Может оказывать поддержку системе путем предоставления консультаций и обучения, предоставления руководств для пользователей и оказания помощи пользователям в решении любых возникающих проблем. Hardware Engineer Researches, designs, and develops computers, or parts of computers and the computerized element of appliances, machines, and vehicles. Also involved in their manufacture, installation, and testing. May specialize in different areas: research and development, design, manufacturing. Has to be aware of cost, efficiency, safety, and environmental factors, as well as engineering aspects. Исследует, проектирует и разрабатывает компьютеры или части компьютеров и компьютеризированные элементы приборов, машин и транспортных средств. Также участвует в их производстве, установке и испытаниях. Может специализироваться в различных областях: исследования и разработки, проектирование, производство. Должны быть осведомлены о затратах, эффективности, безопасности и экологических факторах, а также инженерных аспектах. Тема 4: Famous People in Information Technology STEVEN JOBS Steven Paul Jobs was born in San Francisco, California on February, 24 1955. When Steve Jobs reached college age, he entered Reed College in Oregon but stayed there only for one semester, after which he dropped out. He with his friend Stephen Wozniak – commonly known as Woz – focused on Woz’s work on a computer board. Apple Computer was born. Apple’s first year in business consisted of assembling the boards in Steve’s garage and driving to local computer stores to try and sell them. Then they introduced a new, the Apple II, which was much more advanced than anything the market had ever seen. The Apple II soon became the symbol of the personal computing revolution worldwide. Then Steve Jobs took over a small project called Macintosh. The concept of Macintosh was “a computer as easy to use as a toaster.” Although Mac’s first months were encouraging, sales soon started to plummet. There was growing fear in the company and after a failed board coup initiated by Jobs in mid-1985, he was announced to have no managerial duties whatsoever. Steve was only to remain chairman of the board. At that hard time he was introduced to a small team of brilliant computer graphics experts who shared a common dream of making animated movies with computers. Steve was interested and bought the company, incorporating it as Pixar. Yet his main passion was still to make great computers. In September 1985 he founded a new company, called NeXT, to build an advanced computer for higher education and scientific research. Steve wanted the best hardware, built in the world’s most automated factory, and running the most advanced software possible. However great it was, the NeXT Cube didn’t sell. It was overpriced and missing useful software. In 1995 Disney and Pixar released the first film, called Toy Story. It worked wonders: Toy Story’s box-office success was only surpassed by the Pixar stock’s success on Wall Street. Steve Jobs, who owned 80% of the company, saw his net worth rise to over $1.5 billion – five times the money he had ever made at Apple in the 1980s! Speaking of Apple, the fruit company was in the midst of his worst year ever. After the release of Windows 95, the Mac started losing market share at an alarming rate. By 1996, the company’s newly ap-pointed CEO, Gil Amelio, was looking for new software and chose Steve’s NeXTSTEP. Apple paid $400 million to acquire NeXT, and Steve was back to the company that had thrown him out a decade ear-lier. His official title was that of “informal adviser to the CEO.” After Steve Jobs organized a board coup and was named interim CEO of Apple in July 1997 he cut the number of projects from hundreds to a dozen. He also made a shocking announcement at Macworld Boston in August: Apple would be teaming up with its arch-rival Microsoft, in an unprecedented deal that would put an end to interminable patent disputes. Steve Jobs initiated a revolutionary marketing campaign around a new slogan: Think Different, spreading the idea that people who used Macs were dreamers who could change the world. Yet Apple’s resurgence really came a little later, when Steve introduced a new, amazing consumer desktop computer: iMac. Introduced in May 1998, it was Apple’s first really innovative product basically since the original Macintosh in 1984. After three years in charge, Steve Jobs had brought Apple back to greatness. That’s why he finally accepted to become full-time CEO of Apple in January 2000 – the first time one man became CEO of two public companies at the same time. The greatest momentum for Apple came from the iPod. It was an integral part of the digital hub strategy, it was started in early 2001. iPod’s breakthrough features – its beautiful design, its brilliant user interface and click wheel, its fast FireWire connectivity and its ability to sync with iTunes seamlessly – made it a hot seller from the start. For the first time, people were buying Macs just so they could use this little music player the size of a cigarette box. Apple cashed in on that success and went further in the following years, first by making iPod Windows-compatible in 2002, then by opening the iTunes Music Store and developing a Windows version of iTunes in 2003. As of 2006, after Apple had continually pushed innovation in its music business by introducing iPod mini in 2004, iPod shuffle then iPod nano in 2005, and expanded its Music Store internationally, it had become the undisputed leader of the new digital music era. 2006 was a critical year for Apple. The first was the success of the Mac: after years of fighting the so-called Wintel monopoly, Steve had announced in 2005 that the company would start using Intel processors in their Macs form then on. Intel Macs were faster and cheaper, but their main advantage was their ability to run Windows – which was a key argument in making Windows users switch. The second crucial development from 2006 was the full acceptance by Apple of its new status of consumer electronics powerhouse, thanks to the success of iPod, the walkman of the digital age. But the biggest move of course came in January 2007, when Steve Jobs introduced iPhone at Macworld. iPhone was arguably the ultimate Apple product. Its beautiful hardware ran no less than Apple’s full operating system, OS X. Its multi-touch technology, Web surfing and iPod capabilities, easy-to-use interface, and more, made it a smartphone. It was such an obvious part of Apple’s move outside the PC business that Steve an-nounced at the end of Macworld 2007 that the company’s name would be changed from Apple Computer Inc. to Apple Inc. 2010 has seen the incredible rebirth of Steve Jobs as a very active CEO. He came back on stage for many Apple events that year, and surprised the world many times over with insanely great new Apple products. The biggest announcement of all was iPad, Apple’s iOS-based tablet, which Steve unveiled on January 27, 2010. At the industry conference in June 2010, Steve Jobs told that in his opinion, iPad had started the post-PC era... If this comes true, this one man Steve Jobs will have played a crucial part in both giving birth and putting an end to the personal computer industry. |