Домашнее чтение, английский язык. 25. Lindbergh, Charles Augustus, 19021974
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HR4 25. Lindbergh, Charles Augustus, 1902-1974 Kidnapping, which means the taking of a person - sometimes a child - by force and asking the family, friends or even employers of the person for ransom (a) money in return for his or her release, has always been regarded as a serious crime. One of the best known kidnappings of modern times took place in America in March 1932, when the nineteen-months old son of American aviator Colonel Charles Lindbergh was taken from his New Jersey home while he was asleep in the nursery. Charles Lindbergh was the first man to fly me Atlantic non-stop singlehanded in 1927 and a great American hero. A large sum of money - $50,000 - was demanded by the kidnapper and this was eventually paid over by Lindbergh in April. However, the boy had already been murdered and his bod\ buried under leaves and twigs in a wood only four miles from the Lindbergh home. As a result of the Lindbergh case the crime of kidnapping was made a Federal instead of just a State offence (b) with the passing of the "Lindbergh Act" (federal Kidnapping Act) in 1933. This allowed the FBI to become involved in the search for kidnappers and their victims (c), making an arrest so much more likely. The kidnapper of Lindbergh's child, Bruno Hauptmann, a carpenter from New York, was finally arrested in September 1934 after a massive search, and executed (d) in 1936. The publicity which followed the kidnapping was so great that the Lindberghs eventually ^e^ America to live in England and continued to do so until 1939.
Complete the following sentences using the underlined words from the text in the appropriate form 1. The victims of the earthquake were a young married couple. (Жертвами землетрясения стала молодая супружеская пара.) 2. The criminal was charged with a serious offence. (Преступнику было предъявлено обвинение в совершении тяжкого преступления.) 3. He was executed for murdering his wife. (Он был казнен за убийство своей жены.) 4. The family had to pay a big ransom for the freeing of the child who had been kidnapped. (Семья должна была заплатить большой выкуп за освобождение похищенного ребенка.) 26. Lombroso, Cesare, 1836 – 1909 Professor Lombroso, an Italian, is regarded as the father of the scientific study of criminals, or criminology. In an enormous book called The Criminal, he set out the idea that there is a definite criminal type, who can be recognized by his or her appearance. Some of what he said is difficult to believe. For example, he said that left-handed persons have a criminal instinct. Among the things he considered important were the shape of the head, color of the hair, the eyes, the curve of the chin and forehead and if the ears stick out. His ideas were very new at the time and, although not altogether correct, caused a lot of interest and made other people look into the problem of crime in a scientific way.
Which derivative of the word "crime " matches the following definitions: 1) noun - the study of crime (изучение преступления) criminology – криминология. 2) noun - a person who commits crimes (лицо, совершающее преступления) criminal – преступник. 3) noun – delinquency (правонарушение) crime 27. Luciano, Charles "Lucky" (Salvatore Luciana), 1897 - 1962 "Lucky" Luciano, so called because he led a charmed life and avoided assassination, was one of the most powerful leaders of the Mafia in the USA. Having risen to be a trusted lieutenant of Joe Masseria ("Joe the Boss"), he had him killed in 1931. This was the first step Luciano was to make in getting rid of the old guard of the Mafia, to make way for younger men like himself. In the reorganisation that followed Luciano became capo or head of one of the five New York Mafia "Families". He became the most powerful chieftain in the Mafia, and formed alliances with gangsters of other national groups such as the Jews and Irish-Americans. In 1936 he was sent to prison but paroled in 1945 because of his and the Mafia's secret work for the US government during the Second World War. Afterwards he was deported to Italy, from where he ran the European end of the Mafia's drugs operation.
Match each word or expression on the left with the correct definition on the right.
29. Guess the name of the character. He was a real live king of Scotland, but he is best known through the famous tragedy written by Shakespeare and based on his life. In the play, this king is encouraged by his wife to kill Duncan, King of Scotland, who is his guest at Dunsinane, this king's castle, and take the throne. He does kill Duncan by stabbing him to death, but he is troubled by dreams and fears that Banquo, a fellow general, will seize the throne from him. He, therefore hires two assassins to kill Banquo but lets his son escape, thereby fulfilling the prophecy that from Banquo "shall come a line of kings". After Banquo's death things go very wrong for the King. His wife, stricken by remorse, goes mad, sleepwalking and talking of blood on her hands, and soon dies. Malcolm, Duncan's son, then sets out to avenge his father's death, marching on Dunsinane with an army. The King is defeated and killed in single combat with Macduff.
30. Mata Hari (born Gerda Zelle), 1876-1917 Mata Hari, who was executed (a) by a firing squad in France in October 1917, is probably the most famous spy of all time. She is renown for her beauty, her numerous military lovers, her provocative Oriental dancing, and, above all, her espionage. Yet in fact, she was not Oriental, or even a spy (b). Mata Hari was a stage name adopted by a plump middle-aged Dutch divorcee, named Mrs. Margaretha MacLeod, who had left her alcoholic Scottish husband in the Netherlands East Indies (now Indonesia) and opted to become a dancer in Europe. The evidence (c) of her alleged (d) espionage on behalf of the German Kaiser is based merely on her being mistaken for a well-known German agent Clara Benedix, by the British in November 1916. In that month Mrs. MacLeod was arrested in Falmouth, Cornwall, on board of the ship Hollandia while she was on her way to Holland. The police released her when they realized the mistake. Later she was arrested in France and charged with (e) having been in contact with German intelligence officers in Madrid (though she had never even been there). At her trial in Paris her lurid life-style was used to damning effect. It was only in 1963, when the secret files relating to her case were released, that the legend was reassessed. Most historians now think that, far from being a spy, Mata Hari was simply an innocent scapegoat - shot because the French government wanted to cover up its military ineptitude by fabricating an all-powerful ring of German agents.
Complete the following sentences with the underlined words from the text. 1. There was not enough evidence to prove him guilty. (Не было достаточно доказательств, чтобы доказать его вину.) 2. He was executed for murdering his wife. (Он был казнен за убийство своей жены.) 3. In your statement, are you alleged that the accused man was seen at the scene of the crime? (В своем заявлении вы утверждаете, что обвиняемого видели на месте преступления?) 4. He was told to spy on the enemy's movements. (Ему было велено шпионить за передвижениями врага.) 5. The criminal was charged with murder. (Преступнику было предъявлено обвинение в убийстве.) 31. Guess the name of the character. He was Chancellor to Henry VIII and a very great thinker whose writing has had a great effect on many people right up to the present day. Among his important thoughts was that the reasons for crime were to be found in economic and social conditions. He believed that if people lived in a more just and humane society they would behave better. He also thought that punishment should be sensible and that people found guilty should be made to work for the good of the community. His views were far ahead of the time, so that it was only in later centuries that his book Utopia was really understood. As a strict Roman Catholic he disapproved of Henry VIII's attempt to break away from the church in Rome and set up his own Church of England. For failing to accept Henry as the head of the English church he was tried for treason in 1535, being beheaded at the Tower of London. In 1935 he was made a saint by the Roman Catholic Church.
32. Oswald, Lee Harvey, 1940 -1963 Complete the text with the words that mean: - to kill a person for political reasons (убить человека по политическим мотивам) - an offence for which there is punishment by law (преступление, за которое предусмотрено наказание по закону) - an examination in law court (экспертиза в суде) - to examine carefully (внимательно изучить) In 1963 the world was shaken by the news that President Kennedy had been (a) in Dallas, Texas, while driving from airport. The man arrested for this terrible (b) was Lee Harvey Oswald. After service in the US Marine Corps, Oswald went to the Soviet Union for a time and married a Russian girl. On returning to the United States he was for a time involved with Cuban revolutionary elements. On 22nd November 1963 he is said to have taken a rifle into the Texas Book Depository in Dallas, where he worked, and shot President Kennedy and Governor Conally of Texas as they drove past Conally survived, but the President died soon afterwards. Oswald tried to escape, shooting a policeman who tried to stop him. He was caught, but was later shot dead before he could be brought to (c) by the night-club owner Jack Ruby, who had got into the police station. The Warren Commission, which (d) the assassination, stated that Oswald had acted alone, but many people do not agree, and there are still a great many questions concerning the killing left unanswered.
33. Guess the name of the character. One of the leaders of French Revolution, he was the mastermind behind the Reign of Terror, in which most of the opponents to the French Revolution were executed in an orgy of blood A brilliant lawyer, he became a member of the Committee of Public Safety in 1793. Though not solely responsible for the Terror, he was its strongest advocate and arranged for a change in the law, which made witnesses unnecessary at tribunal hearings. In the next seven weeks nearly 1300 people were guillotined in Paris alone. On 27th July 1794, he went too far and was expelled from the Convention. He was shot in the jaw while being arrested, and after a night of agony was taken before the tribunal, condemned as an outlaw and sent immediately to the guillotine.
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