А. М. Maslova Z. I. Winestein L. S. Plebeyskaya Essential English for
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Поставьте данные в скобках глаголы в форме Past Participle (письменно): 1. The blood (to carry) to the liver passes through the portal vein. 2. The articles (to publish) were written by a young surgeon. 3. The (to receive) findings helped the surgeon to perform the operation. 4. Many small lobules (to connect) by connective tissue and bands of vessels and nerves form the liver.
1. The doctor determined the size (размер) of the liver palpating it. 2. The blood passing through the portal vein is carried to the liver. 3. Making the medical examination of the patient the doctor considered that his condition was normal.
1. The doctor changed the treatment to restore the patient’s health as rapidly as possible. 2. Andreas Vesalius was the first anatomist to describe the structure of the human organs in connection with their functions. 3. To determine the borders of the heart is not an easy matter for a medical student.
Text A. The Viscera Although they are often called by a single name, the viscera, the organs that fill the body’s chest and abdominal cavities compose several different systems — respiratory, digestive and urogenital, which togethe provide the body with food and oxygen and remove wastes (продукты распада). The trachea and langs are parts of the respiratory system, which delivers oxygen to the blood. The lungs consist of millions of elastic membranus sacs which together can hold about as much air as a football. The organs of the digestive system most prominant ones are: the stomach, the large and small intestines and the liver. They modify foods wich the body takes in. The soft, reddish-brown liver, the largest gland in the body, plays hundreds of roles, from producting proteins to secreting bile. The bladder is part of the urinary system, wich regulates the body’s water supply. The kidneys, located behind the stomach and liver, filter out wastes and pass them along to the bladder for storage (накопление) and discharge. CLASS ASSIGNMENTS ХШ. 1. State the part ot speech by the suffixes: primary, attentive, serous, secondary, shortage, active, numerous, respiratory, usage
substance, interspace, subdivision, irregular, impossible
act, connect, describe, determine, find, locate, contract
the brain, the lungs, the stomach, the small intestine, the liver, the pancreas, the heart, the tongue, the gallbladder
Text В According to their functions different organs of the human body are divided into several systems: the bones, the muscular system, the alimentary tract, the respiratory system, the urogenital1 system, the vascular system, and the nervous system. The muscles and the bones are under the layer of subcutaneous2 fat. The muscles are connected with the bones. The heart and the large blood vessels connected with it, as well as the lungs and the esophagus are in the thoracic cavity. The spleen, the liver and the stomach are in the abdominal cavity under the diaphragm. The small and large intestines are in the abdominal cavity lower than the stomach, the liver and the spleen. The kidneys are on the posterior side of the abdominal cavity. Notes XVII. Read Text C. Make ifs plan: Text C. New Investigations on the Vascular Structure of the Heart Great work on modern anatomy was begun in the 15th and 16th centuries. Such great men as Leonardo da Vinchi, Vesalius, Servet and Harvey did much to study the structure of the human body. In the 20th century anatomy became an exact science. Scientists considered that no new discoveries could be made in this field. But in 1968 Prof. Seraphima Samoilova, a surgeon — a student of Sergei Udin, who worked in Leningrad, began to study the heart vessels. Anatomists always considered that the heart was mainly a muscular organ. The heart chambers, the valves, the muscular bands and the coats were well described. But not much was said about the heart vessels. Seraphima Samoilova determined that the heart consisted of thin vascular tubes. Half of the heart weight was composed of the bands of vessels. She came to the conclusion that the heart was a dilated large vessel included in muscular tissues. The structure of the heart as a band of vessels is very intricate [‘intrikit] (сложный) and varies with age and diseases. Seraphima Samoilova included all the findings of her research work into the book called The Anatomy of Cardiac Blood Vessels. This book was published in Leningrad in 1970. It helps surgeons to perform operations on the heart. CYCLE III. PHYSIOLOGY OF THE HUMAN BODY (pi| -2,« I Л о -бе kf A i\ >1 Ц^1СТС£ ( a U^e pi< tc а н к, e $) UNIT 1. THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Правила чтения: Буквосочетания qu, qua. Словообразование: Суффиксы -ate; -ar; able -(ible); -ance, -ence. Грамматика: Времена группы Perfect Active. Неопределенно-личные предложения. тона; сердечно-сосудистый; диастола (фаза расслабления сердечной мышцы); регулировать; тотальный, общий; эмоция, возбуждение; систола (фаза сокращения сердечной мышцы); сердечный
pump [рлтр] п насос; v накачивать, нагнетать; выталкивать, выбра сывать rate [reit] и частота, число в минуту, скорость; степень; pulse rate частота пульса; respiratory rate частота дыхания beat [bi:t] (beat, beaten) v бить(ся), ударять(ся); и толчок, удар; биение per ргр в, на, за; per minute (day) в минуту (день) depend [di’pend] v зависеть(от) (on, upon) wave [weiv] n волна; колебание; зубец (электрокардиограммы) follow [‘folou] v следовать, соблюдать что-л.; понять exertion [ig’z3:J(3)n] и напряжение; усилие; нагрузка; on exertion при напряжении, при нагрузке both [bouG]ргоп оба; both... and и ... и; как ... так и prolong [ргэ’Ьд] v продлевать; prolonged [prs’brjd] а длительный, затянувшийся discharge [dis’tfa:d3] v выделять; выписывать (больного) из больницы (from); выбрасывать (out); и выделение; отделяемое; выписка estimate [‘estimeitj v оценивать, определять; подсчитывать serve [sa:v] v служить send (sent, sent) v посылать, направлять considerable [kan’sidarabl] а значительный |