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А. М. Maslova Z. I. Winestein L. S. Plebeyskaya Essential English for
Notes;
to withstand trials honourably — честно перенести испытания
rear [пэ]— тыл
witness — очевидец
LESSON 53
HOME ASSIGNMENTS Revision
Ответьте на вопросы:
По каким признакам можно определить сказуемое в предложении?
Назовите случаи употребления глаголов ‘should’ и ‘would’.
Найдите сказуемые в следующих предложениях и скажите, из чего они состоят. Где возможно, дайте их формулу. Предложения переведите:
The Helsinki Declaration of 1964 stated that clinical research on a human being cannot be undertaken without his free consent (согласие), after he has been fully informed. 2. All the experiments should be carried out only on animals but not on human beings.
Переведите следующие предложения, используя глаголы ‘should’ или ‘would’:
Врач считал, что больного будут оперировать на следующий день.
Необходимо, чтобы больной соблюдал строгий постельный режим после проведенной операции. 3. Инфекционист должен знать результаты посева мазка, чтобы не ошибиться в диагнозе. 4. Вам следует немедленно сделать вакцинацию.
Прочтите текст А. Обратите внимание на приведенные в тексте цифры:
Text A. The Cost of an Operation
The employment of modern achievements in medicine costs much.
The public health allocations in the USSR have been increasing since the establishment of the Soviet power. At one of the press-conferences the well- known Soviet surgeon academician В. V. Petrovsky spoke about such operations performed in his clinic in which 14 highly qualified specialists took part. It must cost very much. But how much? Let us count.
The patient was Vladimir Sorokin. The diagnosis was mitral valve defect with a considerable impairment of blood circulation.
The patient stayed in the hospital for 64 days — of which 25 before the operation, and 39 after it.
The cost of the patient’s stay for 25 days before the operation when all the examinations were performed made about 170 roubles. The cost of the operation and the drugs used during it together with the cost of the plasma and blood which were transfused to the patient and the cost of the treatment given to the patient after the operation made 970 roubles more. The doctors and the nurses who treated the patient received their wages. The patient received the sick- leave pay for three months, so the total cost of the treatment which the patient received at the State expense was about 1,700 roubles.
During the whole period of the patient’s hospitalization he as well as his relatives thought only about the successful outcome of the treatment.
The problem of medical aid expenses has been decided by our Government. The Soviet doctors always do their best to save the life of their patients.
1. Read Text В with a dictionary what does this Text deal with?
Text B. Faithfulness to Hippocrates.
The first Congress of the world movement International Physicians for the Prevention ofNuclear War (IPPNW) was held in the USA in 1981. About 100 delegates from 11 countries participated in its work. By and by this movement became stronger and stronger, more and more physicians joining it.
T о maintain life on Earth—such was the motto of the 6th Congress of the world movement International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War that took place in Cologne in 1986. Over 3,000 delegates from 53 countries discussed the problems involved in ridding mankind of the ghost of “the last plague” the nuclear war could become.
In 1983 at the Congress in Amsterdam an addition was introduced into Hippocrates Oath, which reads as follows: “As a physicion of the twentieth century, realizing that nuclear weapon is an unprecedented challenge to my profession, that nuclear war will be the last epidemic for the manking, I will do my best to prevent nuclear war”. The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on the 15-th of November 1983 approved this addition to be included into the official text of the Oath of a Physician of the Soviet Union.
Notes
the Job will be reserved — работа будет сохранена
dispenser system—система диспансеризации
treasure — зд. достояние
Подготовьте доклад на тему: “Советское здравоохранение”.
CLASS ASSIGNMENTS Revision
On the basis of the formula form all the Infinitives of the verbs:
to report, to employ, to pay
Put the verbs in brackets in the appropriate tense:
1. Whom... the doctor... at the hospital every day-’ (treat) 2. What... you ... now? (study) 3. What... the surgeon already... ? (transfuse) 4. What... the surgeon. for two hours? (perform) 5. What mark... you... in Anatomy at your examination last year? (receive) 6. What the lecturer... yesterday at 2 o’clock? (report on) 7. What... you... to do before you saw me? (decid’e) 8. What... the nurse... for an hour before the surgeon began the operation? (sterilize) 9. What ... you... tomorrow? (take part in) 10. What... you ... tomorrow at 3 o’clock? (do) 11. How many patients... the doctor... tomorrow by 5 р.т.? (hospitalize)
Translate the following word combinations:
станция скорой помощи; 2. за счет государства; 3. высококвалифи цированные специалисты; 4. успешное лечение; 5. оказать первую помощь;
хорошо оборудованным машины скорой помощи; 7. уровень здравоох ранения; 8 частная медицинская практика; 9. палата выходит на к”, 10. высокая стоимость медицинской помощи в США; 11. платить врачу за медицинскую помощь
Answer the following questions:
Why is the total mortality rate in the USSR the lowest in the world? 2. What are the main principles of the Soviet Public Health? 3. What are some of the problems facing the Soviet Public Health at present? 4. What do you know about Soviet sanatorium treatment? 5. What three levels of organization of medical service are there in the USA? 6. What doctor is called “a family doctor” in the USA? 7. Where do the poor receive medical advice in the USA?
What is the cost of medical care in the USA? 9. What do the terms Medicare and Medicaid mean?
Read Text C. Put questions to it:
Text C. National Health Service in England
The National Health Service in England was inaugurated1 on July 5,1948 by the Minister for Health under the National Health Service Act of 1946.
The number of doctors in England is not quite enough to serve millions of potential patients who are treated at the expense of the National Health Service. Hospitals are always crowded2 and the number of doctors working there is not sufficient. Nurses are also in short supply.
All doctors may take part in the Family Doctor System and most of the physicians do so. They may have private practice receiving the pay directly from the patients for their medical advice. Health Service doctors are paid by the Government, the pay depending on the number of patients they have served every month.
The hospital service includes general and special hospitals, tuberculosis sanatoria, infectious disease units, and all forms of specialized treatment together with the provision of most surgical and medical needs.
In the main this part of the service is organized by 15 Regional Hospital Boards.3 In each hospital area there is a University having a teaching hospital or a medical school.
Notes
to be inaugurated [i’no:gjureitid]—быть торжественно открытым, быть введенным
to be crowded [‘kraudid] — быть переполненным
Regional Hospital Board — областной больничный совет
9 А. М. Маслова
Read Text D. Say why the struggle for peace is so important from the point view of a doctor.
Text D. Physicians in the struggle for peace.
There is no task more important nowadays than the preservation of peace on earth.
Every sensible 1 man understands that the nuclear war means the end of the human civilization. That is why more and more people, more and more organizations national and international are fighting against the war dangers.
Many physicians from different countries take an active part in the struggle for peace.
Doctors are directly responsible for people’s health. Day and night they are tirelessly2 fighting for the lives of the people. And they understand better than anyone what consequences3 the nuclear war may bring to the human organism.
There is a Committee of Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War in our country headed by academician Yevgeny Chazov. This Committee as well as organizations of physicians in other countries hold World Assemblies for Peace and Life against nuclear war. At these meetings the scientists report on irreversible4 changes of nuclear damage done to vital organs. Even reanimation is helpless in case of nuclear war. Their reports are based on scientific observations of the victims of Heroshima and Nagasaki atomic bombardment.
The famous German writer Arnold Zweig awarded the International Lenin Peace Prize said that if we wanted peace we had to work for it every day of our life, every hour of the day.
And physicians consider the struggle for peace as their moral and civic duty.
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