Разговорные фразы. А О Иванов. Англ. разговорные формулы. (Восстановлен). Английские разговорные формулы допущено Государственным комитетом ссср по народному образованию в качестве учебного пособия для студентов педагогических институтов по специальности Иностранные языки москва
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B. Disapproval When expressing disapproval, you should try to avoid strong terms. For this reason a negative expression is often preferable. (a very good idea. a very nice thing to say/do. so interesting as we had expected. eg Well, it wasn’t a very nice thing to say to Father, after all he had done for you. Disapproval may also be expressed by using too: eg a. The colours are too bright, b. The film was too long. To make such statements less abrupt and final, we may begin them with Well, personally I think..., or Don’t you think...? eg c. Well, personally I think the colours are too bright, u. Well, don’t you think the film was too long? To soften the finality of an attribute describing the poor quality of something, rather and a bit are often used as understatements. eg a. The service in the hotel was rather slow. b. The programme was rather poor/boring/difficult to follow. c. The excursion was a bit disappointing/tiring. Stronger expressions of disapproval include: You shouldn’t do/have done that. eg a. You shouldn’t have done that. She meant well, after all. Other verbs can be also used with this construction. eg b. You shouldn’t answer your elders back, c. He shouldn’t have gone there by himself. What for? Whatever for? Both of these expressions may refer either to something already done or to something planned or suggested. The second is more emphatic. eg a. Johny! I saw you throwing a stone at my cat this morning. What did you do that for? b. You seem to take delight in frightening me. Whatever for? That’s/was silly/inconsiderate/thoughtless/ ) informal, very seifish (of you/him, etc)! > outspoken, That’s/was a silly thing to do/say, j possibly rude eg a. You refused a part in a film? That was silly! b. To suggest that I’m nice to Mr. Brown because I want him to marry me! That’s a silly thing to say. How could you! — implies not only disapproval, but also indignation or reproach. eg Peter, it was you who put the mouse into my desk! How could you! Whoever heard of such a thing! eg To spend a holiday alone when you are only 16! Whoever heard of such a thing! » You should/ought to be ashamed (of yourself)! eg I’m twice as old as you are. You ought to be ashamed of yourself for being so rude to me. It’s (all) your fault (really)... eg It’s (all) your fault that the cake got burned. You had forgotten to wind up the timer. You’re (the one) to blame (for...) eg You’re to blame! If you hadn’t started fooling around, I wouldn’t have knocked the vase down. And now we’ll both catch it! The very idea! — mixed with indignation or disgust eg To suggest that I do this work for you! The very idea! Illustrative Examples — I’m sorry, but I haven’t translated the German article you set us last week. I had a bad headache yesterday. Well, don’t you think that sounds rather childish? — It was me who invited Roger. He is my guest. It' wasn’t a very good idea, considering you know very well I don’t get on with him. — Did you enjoy your tour of the city? Not much. The guide was rather boring, so it wasn’t so interesting as I’d expected. — I know you’re nice only to people whom you think important. That’s not a very nice thing to say. You’ll be sorry for it. — I told him that you don’t want to see him or hear from him. How could you! I didn’t ask you to do that! — I can’t understand, really, why she was so mad. I just said that her brother was a fool to refuse my offer. ¥ her famiiy. — Did they give you a good room at the hotel? Too noisy, ft faces a busy street, so I had a very bad night. — How was the party last night? Weil, it was rather dull to tell you the truth. — I like this painting! t think it’s a masterpiece. Well, personally I think there’s too much blue in it. Illustrative Dialogue The Browns have a flat tyre on their way home from a party (informal) Mr. Brown: Now, Mag, you needn’t go on at me like that. I didn’t do it on purpose. Mrs. Brown: I am not accusing you of anything, but you shouldn’t have driven so fast on this bumpy country road. Mr. Brown: That’s not a very nice thing to say in the circumstances. It won’t make.things any better. Just get out, arid I’ll fix the spare in no time. (after a few minutes) Mr. Brown: All right. Everything’s ready. Here we go! (in the car) Mrs. Brown: You’re a quick one, aren’t you? Mr. Brown: I must say, you were very charming tonight. Did you enjoy the party? Mrs. Brown: Yes, I had a very good time. And the cake was quite good, wasn’t it? And I had a very interesting talk with Mrs. Jones. By the way, I invited them to come over to tea next Thursday. Mr. Brown: You did? Good for you. We’re new here and we must get to know people. Mrs. Brown: Look out, Jim! There’s a cat crossing the road! (screech of brakes) ...You really ought to be driving more carefully. You nearly killed the poor thing. Exercises Exercise 1. Read the illustrative examples and' the dialogue in parts, noting the various ways in which approval and disapproval can be expressed. Then learn the dialogue and reproduce it with another student in class. Exercise 2. Using rather or quite and/or a question tag express cautious approval of the following: Model: your friend’s apartment (comfortable, good location) — You have rather a nice place here. Quite comfortable, and the location is very good. the hotel you’re staying in (comfortable and not far from the centre); the film you’ve seen (interesting)-; your friend’s country cottage (nice); the exhibition you’ve just been to; today’s weather (warm); John’s cleverness; Mary’s ability to solve crossword puzzles (good at); the party you went to last night; Susan’s good looks. Exercise 3. Express approval in response to the following statements made by a fellow-student. Use the hints given in brackets. I decided to make a copy of the letter in case the original gets lost, (sensible) So I told her we were willing to pay half of the cost of the repairs, since it was partly our fault, (right) Carpentry is his hobby. He made this cabinet himself, (good/nice piece of work) Come on, let’s have a quick snack. My wife made a few sandwiches and gave them to me when I was leaving, (thoughtful) Here, take this. I always have an extra pen. Just in case, you know, (wise) They invited us to spend a weekend at their country-house. I thought you might enjoy it and accepted, (exclamation of enthusiastic approval) I thought we might perhaps afford a new TV set, after all, if we buy it on hire-purchase, (good idea) As my car was insured the repair didn’t cost me a single penny, but I sold it anyway. A repaired car is never as good as a new one. (did right) Well, you know, I still feel a bit weak after that flu, so I thought I’d better stay away from physical training for a while, (wise) It switches off automatically when the tape comes to the end. (clever) Exercise 4. Using Well, personally / think... or Don’t you think...? and the hints given in brackets, express tactful disapproval of: a tie/dress a salesgirl is showing you (too bright); the Russian translation of an English novel (too literal in places); watching all the TV programmes (takes too much time); your neighbour’s curiosity (too inquisitive); a colleague’s lack of initiative (too conservative); today’s weather (too cold); the service in a restaurant (too slow); an alarm clock in a showcase (too old-fashioned); the postal service in holiday time (too slow); a hotel room facing a busy city street (too noisy). Exercise 5. Respond to a question by a fellow-student using rather or a bit to express tactful disapproval of the following: Model: the food in the hotel (unusual/highly-seasoned) A: What was the food like?/Was the food OK?/How did you like/find the food? etc B: Weil, it was rather dull/unusual/htghly-seasoned. the hotel you were staying at (noisy); the beefsteak you’ve just finished eating (underdone); the party you went to last night (dull); the conference you went to recently (tiring); your summer holiday (disappointing); the film you’ve just seen (boring); the book you’ve just finished reading (sentimental/depressing/ melodramatic); the weather last weekend (cold and wet); your friend’s dress (old-fashioned); Blackpool (crowded at this time of the year). Exercise 6. Express disapproval in response to the following statements made by a fellow-student. Use the hints in brackets. I thought we might play a game or two of tennis and accepted his invitation (you forgot we had agreed to go to the Manet exhibition on Saturday); It’s absurd! I just said she was five years older than Aunt Julie (w'omen don’t like any mention of their age); She asked me to help her with a translation. How could I refuse? (you knew I was waiting for you); Mrs. Coleman is in a bad way; the doctors can’t do much (there’s always some hope); They asked me to make all the arrangements for the meeting (it’s not your job); We’re all fed up with his jokes, and I said so to his face (he has a lot of influence with Mr. Nicols); Well, you know, I still wasn’t feeling well after that flu, so I took a couple of days off (you’ll be the first to be sacked next time they start reducing their office staff); You know, I’ve invited this new chap, O’Greedy, to our party (he is so boring from what I hear about him); If you choose to waste your time and so risk failing your examination, that’s your funeral (you know very well I’m doing my best, I’m just .having a little rest); She talks and talks and talks. Nobody can get a word in edgeways when she is talking. I don’t want to have her at my party (she gave you a very nice present for your last birthday). Exercise 7. Express either approval or disapproval of: a friend’s tie/dress; a friend’s new hair style; a friend’s good looks; a friend’s new TV set; the flowers a friend is giving you for your birthday; a friend’s country house which you’ve visited; a friend’s collection of books; v a friend’s dog; a friend’s collection of stamps he’s showing your; a book-shelf your friend has made himself. Likes and Dislikes A. Likes Liking may be expressed in one of the following ways: I like... (very much) — the most widely used form, the least emotional. eg ( ice-cream/your dress/Helen/modern ballet (very I like ' much). ( reading/going to the theatre/playing football. • Note that the gerund is much more common than the infinitive when expressing general liking. The infinitive can occur here but it is more often used: To express a wish of the moment, after would./should (usually reduced to ’d as in I’d, he’d, etc); eg I’d like to see that new Italian film. to express the idea of the advisability, wisdom of doing something. eg I like to buy tickets in advance. (= I think it wise, advisable.) Note also the position of very much with like: either after the object — the usual position, unless the object is long: eg I like reading very much. or between the subject and the verb — when the object is long, especially in formal and semi-formal style: eg I very much like going to the cinema. (Cf the more colloquial / like going to pictures very much.) When very much follows the object, indeed may be added for extra emphasis. eg I like Margaret very much indeed. Emphasis may also be achieved by including do, which is stressed. eg I do like your dress. Where did you buy it? Quite with tike means moderately, less than very much. Rather1 expresses a greater degree of liking, close to very much. In both cases the verb usually carries greater stress than the adverb. eg I quite/rather like that picture. Like, being the most general verb, is the most usual in questions. eg Do you like modern art? I love...— sometimes used colloquially to mean like very much, particularly by women eg 1 love chocolate ice-cream/swimming in the sea. As with like, the infinitive usually refers to a particular desire. eg I’d love to go for a swim (now). I enjoy...— more emotional than like, more explicitly expressing a feeling of pleasure. Followed by a noun or gerund. eg I enjoy travelling (very much). Enjoy is especially common with reference to particular occasions, in contrast to general liking. eg a. I enjoyed the concert last night. b. Here’s the book I promised you. 1 hope you enjoy it. Do/did, quite and rather may also be included, as with like. (See above.) I’m rather/very fond of...— expresses affection for somebody or something, liking for somebody or something familiar. Followed by a noun or gerund. eg a. I’m very fond of Marion, in spite of her faults. I’ve known her since I was a child. b. I know it isn’t a very original picture but I’m rather fond of it. I’m quite/rather/very keen on...— expresses enthusiasm, an active liking. Generally quite, rather or very is included. Particularly common with gerunds functioning as nouns. eg a. I’m rather keen on figure-skating. With an infinitive, keen means eager. eg b. I’m very keen to see his latest film. I’m mad about/on...— expresses great (sometimes unreasonable, excessive) enthusiasm. Colloquial. eg I’m mad about/on their latest record. Just or absolutely may be added as intensifiers. (I’m just/ absolutely mad...) I’m crazy about...— same meaning. More common in American English.  Possible replies are:
eg Do you like this picture? No, (I don’t).— only to close  Yes, (I do). Yes, I do, rather. do stressed more than rather (Yes,) very much (indeed). friends and relations Not (very) much. Not particularly. I can’t say 1 do (really). < No, I’m not very keen on it actually. It’s ( ail right. 1 unenthusiastic (or understatement) I not bad. I How do you like...? eg How do you like my new dress/suit? Very much. Not (very) much. It’s j very nice. I’m not too/very keen on it, \ lovely/beautiful, etc. actually. ,,, ( all right. It’s awful/terrible/horrible. S \ not bad. Illustrative Examples — I. like science fiction very much. So do I. — I rather like going for walks in the country. Do you? I’m not very keen on walking myself. — I do like Julia’s new flat. Yes, it’s very cosy, isn’t it? — I love home-made pies. I do too. — I (really) enjoy going out for a meal occasionally. So do I. It makes a nice change. — What a nice dog! Have you had him long? About a year. We’re all very fond of him. — I’ve got quite keen on knitting lately. I’ve made two sweaters and a scarf already. How nice. — Is the drama club popular with the students? Oh yes. They’re very keen. They put on two productions last term. — My brother’s absolutely mad on chess at the moment. He spends every spare minute either playing, or reading about it, or watching games on television. — I’m crazy about these new electronic games. Really? I don’t know what you see in them. — Do you like jazz? Not particularly. — How do you like the hotel (you’re staying at)?      B. Dislikes
However, these forms may be too abrupt for some situations, especially when addressing people one does not know well. One of the following phrases is often preferable, being milder and therefore more tactful. very/too/particularly all that eg — i really enjoy reading a good detective story, don’t you? — Well, I’m not all that keen on them, actually. ( very/too/particularly 1 ' all that > I’m not I’m not keen on... fond of... It’s all right. eg — Do have one of these chocolates. They’re delicious. — Thank you, but I’m not particularly fond of chocolate. The following forms express strong dislike and should therefore be used with care. ! hate/detest/loathe...— given here in order of increasing strength eg I hate/detest/loathe cold showers. I can’t bear/stand...— colloquial. Stand is slightly more colloquial than bear. eg I can’t bear/stand unpunctuality. * The usual replies are: - So do I,— in reply to I dislike. ..., / hate/detest/loathe... Nor l f do j Neither 1 I am j 1. I can ) ' I do. (I stronglv stressed) —in reply to I don't like... А О Иванов Дж. Поуви 2 Preface 9 Typographical Conventions 10 1.Forms of Address 11 Less Common Forms of Address 12 Forms of Address within the Family 12 2.Attracting Attention 9 Exercises 10 3.Introductions and Conversation Openings 12 Illustrative Dialogues 12 Exercises 15 4.Greetings and Inquiries About Health, etc 15 Fine, thanks. 17 Illustrative Dialogues 17 Exercises 17 5.Leavetaking 18 I go (now). 18 Illustrative Dialogues 20 Exercises 21 6.Congratulations and Wishes 22 Illustrative Dialogues 23 Exercises 24 7.Requests 25 A.Positive Requests 25 8.Asking Permission (Favours) 29 Illustrative Examples 30 Exercises 30 9.Apologies 33 Illustrative Examples 36 Exercises 37 10.Suggestions 39 on- fond of... 40 Illustrative Dialogues 41 A Formal Discussion (at a meeting) 42 Exercises 42 12.Appointments 46 1 have an appointment with you for..., but unfortunately I can’t make it. 47 Illustrative Dialogues 47 No, f thank you. 49 Illustrative Dialogues 49 14.Offers 50 15.Thanks- 56 Exercises 56 16,Compliments 57 You’re such a... 58 That’s ) 58 Illustrative Dialogues 61 Exercises 62 17.Warning, Caution 63 Illustrative Examples 63 18.Reproach and Reprimand 64 Dialogue 66 Exercises 66 Illustrative Dialogues 69 20.Opinion 71 Illustrative Dialogues 74 A Conversation 74 Exercises 74 21.Agreement and Disagreement 76 A. Agreement 76 Illustrative Examples 77 Illustrative Examples 83 Exercises 84 22.Approval and Disapproval 86 A. Approval 86 Excellent! 86 Fine! 86 Wonderful! - 86 Good for you! 87 23.Likes and Dislikes 89 Illustrative Examples 97 Illustrative Dialogues 97 24.Preference and Lack of Preference 99 Illustrative Examples 100 Dialogues 102 Exercises 102 25.Indifference 101 26.Pleasure and Displeasure 102 A. Pleasure 102 Illustrative Dialogue 109 Exercises 109 27.Disappointment 111 28.Certainty and Uncertainty, Ignorance 111 Illustrative Examples 111 Illustrative Examples 112 Exercises 112 29.Surprise 113 What a surprise! 113 You don’t, do you? 114 Go on (with you)! (. s ) 114 Well, I never! ’n 114 illustrative Examples 114 30.Regret 116 I wish I/we could... 116 Illustrative Examples 117 Illustrative Dialogue 117 31.Sympathy and Consolation 120 Dialogue 120 Exercises 120 B.Consolation 122 32.Worry and Reassurance 123 I’m not I don’t feel 123 (very/at all) happy about... 123 I’ve got a lot of worries/problems. 123 33.General Words and Phrases and Some Hints on Conversing in English 126  Illustrative Examples — I don’t much like Julia’s husband. Nor do I. He’s so arrogant. — I do dislike being kept waiting. So do I. — I’m not very keen on the food at our hotel. Neither am I. It’s terribly dull and sometimes half-cold. — Shall we watch the circus on television? Well, I’m not particularly fond of circuses, actually. Really? I rather like them myself. — I hate travelling in the rush hour. Don’t we all? — I can’t stand spiders! Can’t you? Why? They’re quite harmless. Illustrative Dialogues Pat and Liz talk about what they like for breakfast (informal, semi-formal) Pat: What do you like for breakfast? Liz: Well, I rather like to start with grapefruit, or yoghurt.1 Pat: Don’t you like cereals? Liz: No, I can’t say I do. I’m rather fond of eggs for breakfast, especially boiled or poached. Pat: Oh yes? I like fried egg with bacon myself. Liz: Do you? I’m not particularly keen on fried food at breakfast. And I hate fat bacon at any time. Pat: I see. And do you have toast and marmalade to finish with? Liz: Yes. I quite like honey too. And a nice cup of strong tea. Pat: I like coffee myself. Steve and Judith talk about what they like doing in their spare time (informal, semi-formal) Steve: What do you like doing in your spare time? Judith: Well, I’m very fond of reading, of course. Steve: What sort of books do you like? Judith: Psychological novels, mainly. I like Graham Greene, for example, and John Fowles and Muriel Spark. Steve: I like Graham Greene, too, and John Fowles, but I’m not so keen on Muriel Spark. Judith: Really? But she’s so witty. Well, what else do you like reading? Steve: I enjoy a good thriller occasionally. Judith: Oh, I can’t stand thrillers. Steve: Can’t you? I find them rather relaxing for a change. Exercises Exercise 1. Read—the illustrative examples and dialogues—In parts, noting how people express various degrees of liking and dislike, and how they react to the likes and dislikes of other people. Then learn one of the dialogues and reproduce it with another student in class. Exercise 2. Make up sentences expressing liking, choosing one item from each column.
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