А О Иванов Дж. Поуви
АНГЛИЙСКИЕ
РАЗГОВОРНЫЕ
ФОРМУЛЫ
Допущено
Государственным комитетом СССР по народному образованию в качестве учебного пособия для студентов педагогических институтов по специальности «Иностранные языки»
МОСКВА
«ПРОСВЕЩЕНИЕ» 1989
ББК81.2Англ
И20
Рецензенты: кафедра лексикологии МГИИЯ им. М. Тореза; кандидат филологических наук доцент кафедры английского языка Свердловского государственного педагогического института Г. Н. Бабич
Иванов А. О., Поуви Д.
И20 Английские разговорные формулы; Учеб, пособие для студентов пед. ин-тов по спец. «11ностр. яз.».— М.: Просвещение, 1989,— 128 с. ISBN 5-09-000930-9
Пособие представляет собой сборник наиболее употребительных английских разговорных формул с примерами к ним и тренировочными упражнениями, направленными на развитие навыков устной речи. Оно поможет будущим учителям английского языка правильно выбирать языковые средства в зависимости от обстановки и личности собеседника.
Пособие предназначено студентам II курса факультетов английского языка педагогических институтов, а также может быть рекомендовано учителям английского языка и учащимся старших классов.
    { 4309000000—526
103(03)-89 24—89
ISBN 5-09-000930-9
ББК 81.2Англ
© Издательство «Просвещение», 1989
TABLE OF CONTENTS
А О Иванов Дж. Поуви 2
Preface 9
Typographical Conventions 10
1.Forms of Address 11
Less Common Forms of Address 12
Forms of Address within the Family 12
2.Attracting Attention 9
Exercises 10
3.Introductions and Conversation Openings 12
Illustrative Dialogues 12
Exercises 15
4.Greetings and Inquiries About Health, etc 15
Fine, thanks. 17
Illustrative Dialogues 17
Exercises 17
5.Leavetaking 18
I go (now). 18
Illustrative Dialogues 20
Exercises 21
6.Congratulations and Wishes 22
Illustrative Dialogues 23
Exercises 24
7.Requests 25
A.Positive Requests 25
8.Asking Permission (Favours) 29
Illustrative Examples 30
Exercises 30
9.Apologies 33
Illustrative Examples 36
Exercises 37
10.Suggestions 39
on- fond of... 40
Illustrative Dialogues 41
A Formal Discussion (at a meeting) 42
Exercises 42
12.Appointments 46
1 have an appointment with you for..., but unfortunately I can’t make it. 47
Illustrative Dialogues 47
No, f thank you. 49
Illustrative Dialogues 49
14.Offers 50
15.Thanks- 56
Exercises 56
16,Compliments 57
You’re such a... 58
That’s ) 58
Illustrative Dialogues 61
Exercises 62
17.Warning, Caution 63
Illustrative Examples 63
18.Reproach and Reprimand 64
Dialogue 66
Exercises 66
Illustrative Dialogues 69
20.Opinion 71
Illustrative Dialogues 74
A Conversation 74
Exercises 74
21.Agreement and Disagreement 76
A. Agreement 76
Illustrative Examples 77
Illustrative Examples 83
Exercises 84
22.Approval and Disapproval 86
A. Approval 86
Excellent! 86
Fine! 86
Wonderful! - 86
Good for you! 87
23.Likes and Dislikes 89
Illustrative Examples 97
Illustrative Dialogues 97
24.Preference and Lack of Preference 99
Illustrative Examples 100
Dialogues 102
Exercises 102
25.Indifference 101
26.Pleasure and Displeasure 102
A. Pleasure 102
Illustrative Dialogue 109
Exercises 109
27.Disappointment 111
28.Certainty and Uncertainty, Ignorance 111
Illustrative Examples 111
Illustrative Examples 112
Exercises 112
29.Surprise 113
What a surprise! 113
You don’t, do you? 114
Go on (with you)! (. s ) 114
Well, I never! ’n 114
illustrative Examples 114
30.Regret 116
I wish I/we could... 116
Illustrative Examples 117
Illustrative Dialogue 117
31.Sympathy and Consolation 120
Dialogue 120
Exercises 120
B.Consolation 122
32.Worry and Reassurance 123
I’m not I don’t feel 123
(very/at all) happy about... 123
I’ve got a lot of worries/problems. 123
33.General Words and Phrases and Some Hints on Conversing in English 126
Preface
This book is intended primarily for students specializing in English at pedagogical institutes, but can also be used with any students who hav-e—a—good basic—knowledge of English, and on refresher courses. Its aim is to present systematically the most important expressions used nowadays in everyday life and to drill them in a wide variety of situations.
The book consists of thirty-three chapters arranged in two parts. Part One begins with such general and comparatively simple topics as “Forms of Address”, “Attracting Attention” and so on, and goes on to more difficult ones such as “Advice” and “Compliments”. Part Two is devoted to opinions and feelings, ending with a chapter on genera! words and phrases and hints on conversing in English.
Each chapter (except the last — General Words and Phrases and Some Hints on Conversing in English) consists of:
a list of expressions, with brief comments about usage and style, and examples (where it would not otherwise be clear how the given expression is used). These comments and examples have been kept to a minimum, so that the expressions themselves stand out as a list and can be seen together. (Numerous examples are given in the second part of each chapter, except for chapters 1 and 2, where it proved desirable to include them in the first part.);
illustrative material (examples of usage), either in the form of dialogues or questions/statements with a response;
exercises. These provide an opportunity to practise the expressions given and are graded according to difficulty, from reading and learning by heart, multiple-choice questions and substitution tables (exercises of the “drill” type) to exercises demanding a freer use of the material, a more creative approach.
There are seven chapters (chapters 7, 14, 21, 22, 23, 24, 26) where this basic structure is modified by the inclusion of two (and in one case three) parallel sections. This was made necessary by the nature of the material. Here the list of expressions and the illustrative material relating to each section is given separately, followed by general illustrative material, if any, and exercises on both (all) sections.
Russian translation is given only in a very few cases, where it is necessary to warn the reader about a lack of correspondence between English and Russian usage. This is deliberate, since firstly, most of the expressions have no exact equivalent out of context, and, secondly, the use of translation to make the meaning clear intensifies the student’s natural tendency to think in Russian and leads him to use English expressions not as they are used in the Soviet Union. (As this book is intended for advanced students, the expressions themselves should be familiar to them.) The meaning is made clear mainly by the inclusion of many specially written examples and illustrative dialogues, which put the expressions in real situations, and, where necessary, by comments on usage.
Intonation has been marked only in those cases where it might present a problem for students. Otherwise the intonation follows the usual patterns.
The main stylistic categories used are formal (as used to strangers and people one knows only slightly, older people, senior colleagues, etc) and informal (or colloquial) (as used among friends and relatives, and young people of the same age group). Semi-formal is an intermediate category.
However, these categories should not be regarded as absolute and completely separate; there are varying degrees of formality, ranging from the very formal to the highly colloquial or slang.
As far as possible the lists of expressions are arranged starting with the most formal and ending with the most informal. Highly colloquial and slang expressions have not been included, as they cannot be recommended for active use, and in any case date very quickly.
All the material in this book is original, one of the authors being a native speaker of English.
Typographical Conventions
Brackets in expressions and examples indicate that the word(s)
enclosed may or may not be included.
eg How are things (with you)?
An oblique stroke (/) indicates an alternative.
eg I’m very/quite well, thank you.
PART ONE
Forms of Address
When addressing people in English we usually call our friends by their first name, for example, John or Mary. If we are speaking to someone whom we know less well we use Mr./Mrs./Miss followed by the surname, for example: Mr. ['mistoj Brown — to a man; Mrs. ['misiz] Brown— to a married woman; Miss Brown — to a girl or unmarried woman. Note: Ms. [miz, msz] with the surname (eg Ms. Smith) is increasingly used in writing about a woman when it is not known (or not important) whether she is married or not. However, as a form of address it is comparatively rare, being mainly restricted to those women who are known to dislike the traditional forms Mrs. and Miss.Mister, Missus and Miss alone (without the surname) are sometimes used but are not polite, although Miss is generally accepted as a form of address to a woman-teacher by primary- school children. Other forms of address are: Sir — used to a man who is.clearly older and/or more senior than oneself. Sir is also used:
by shop assistants, waiters, etc to their male customers;
by schoolchildren to men-teachers;
as a poiite form of address to a stranger, even if not older or more senior. However, this is not common nowadays in Britain, where the usual way of addressing a stranger (either a man or a woman) is Excuse me, please. In America sir is more common in this situation;
in the armed forces, to an (superior) officer;
as a title (for knights and baronets), followed by the first name, for example, Sir William.
Madam — used by shop assistants, waiters, etc to their female customers. Except for this type of situation, however, madam is less widely used than sir. It is not used when addressing women-teachers (here Mrs./Miss with the surname is used), nor when addressing an older or more senior woman. It is only rarely used to address a stranger, “Excuse me, please” being the usual form. Doctor — used alone only to medical practitioners. When addressing a person with the degree of Doctor of Philosophy or Doctor of Science, for example, the surname is always included, for example, Dr. Brown.Professor — used either with or without the surname, depending on how formal or informal one wishes to be. (Simply Professor is more formal.) Generai/Colonei/Captain, etc — also used either with or without the surname. Ladies and Gentlemen — to an audience;Mr./Madam Chairman — to the chairman of a meeting. Waiter/Waitress/Porter/Nurse, etc — to people in certain occupations. However, this usage is now becoming rare, at least as regards Waiter/Waitress and Porter. Instead people simply try to catch the waiter’s eye, for example, or say Excuse me, (please).Officer — to a policeman. If one knows his rank, one may also address him as, for example, Constable, or Inspector. In practice, however, most people approaching a policeman for information or help use Excuse me, (please), without any form of address. Note: Commercial and administrative titles such as director and manager are never used as forms of address. Less Common Forms of AddressYour Majesty — to a king or queen Your Highness—to a prince or duke Your Lordship — to a lord (peer) or a High Court judge Your Honour — to a magistrate (Justice of the Peace) Forms of Address within the FamilySmall children address their parents as Mummy and Daddy. When they are older (about 10-11) they often change to Mum and Dad. As adults they usually continue to use these forms, although some people (mainly members of the upper and middle classes) use the formal Mother and Father.Grandparents are usually addressed as Granny (sometimes Gran or Nanny) and Grandad. Grandmother and Grandfather are used by some adults (those who use Mother and Father — see above). Aunts and uncles are addressed as Auntie and Uncle usually with the first name, for example, Auntie Mary, Uncle Richard. Aunt is often used instead of Auntie by older children and adults, partictilarly in formal situations.
Exercises
Exercise 1. Choose the best answer.
When you address a middle-aged man whose name you do not know, you say:
Mister; b. Sir; c. Excuse me, please.
If it is a woman, you say:
Madam; b. Lady; c. Missus; d. Excuse me, please.
If you want to address an American tourist (Mrs. Jane Hardy) whom you have known for a few days, you say:
Madam; b. Mrs. Hardy; c. Jane.
If you want to address an eminent British scientist (Doctor John Lonsdale), aged 50, you say:
Mr. Lonsdale; b. Dr. Lonsdale; c. Doctor; d. John.
If you want to address a visiting English teacher called Helen Parker, aged 25-30 (unmarried), you call her:
Helen; b. Miss Helen; c. Miss Parker; d. Miss.
Exercise 2. How would you address the following people?
a girl of eighteen, not married (Judy Brown);
a married woman with two children, aged 35 (Elsie Smith);
a stranger of 25/75;
a university professor (David Clark);
your English teacher;
a doctor who is examining you (Stephen Powell);
a man with a PhD (Richard Haze);
your father;
your uncle (John Brighton);
a friend of your own age (Peter Bennett);
Peter Bennett’s father/mother;
the director of the company you work for (Alan Nott);
an older colleague (David Chambers);
an English audience;
an elderly woman in the street who seems to have lost her way. (You want to help her.)
Exercise 3. Insert a suitable form of address in the blank spaces.
“I hope it’s nothing serious,...” (to your doctor, Jack Wilson)
how nice to see you again after such a long time.” (to your friend, Jane Walsh)
“Yes, ..., I’ll try not to forget about it.” (to a fellow-student, Martin Blackwood)
I wonder if you could find time to read my paper.” (to a university professor, John Bridges)
could you tell me the way to the nearest post office?” (to an elderly man in the street)
I have great pleasure in introducing Professor James, from the University of London.” (to an audience)
Exercise 4. Insert a suitable form of address for each case.
v.
“Thank you..., I think I can manage by myself.”
to your father;
to your friend Michael Black;
to a colleague whom you know only slightly;
to your teacher;
to your friend’s father (William Grainger).
“Yes, she is waiting for you.”
to Peter Miller, aged 35 (you do not know him well);
to the family doctor, Alan Price;
to your sister Helen;
to Mrs. Alice Blackboot, a neighbour, aged 82;
to Norman Long, director of your firm.
Attracting Attention
The most common way of attracting attention is Excuse me, (please) *N . J. This is used in a wide variety of situations, for example:
when addressing a stranger in the street or other public place;
eg Excuse me, please. Could you tell me the way to the station?
in shops, restaurants, etc, to attract the attention of an assistant, waiter, etc;
eg Excuse me, please. How much is this sweater?
at a lesson or meeting, to attract the attention of the teacher
or speaker:
eg Excuse me. May 1 ask a question?
4. at work, when someone is busy and you have to interrupt him;
eg Excuse me, Mr. Walker. Mr. Davis is. asking for you on the telephone.
Other expressions used to attract attention in certain situations are:
May/Can I have your attention, please? — used to attract the attention of a group of people who are talking among themselves, for example, a group of tourists or delegates to a conference, in order to make an announcement, etc.
Attention, please.— used to introduce official announcements, for example, at airports and in other public places, especially over a loudspeaker.
! say.— sometimes used in conversation to draw particular attention to the sentence which follows. Addressed more often to groups of people than to individuals.
eg I say. Have you seen this notice? It says the concert has been cancelled.
Look here! — used to attract someone’s attention to something of which you disapprove. Often indignant.
eg Look here! You can’t leave your luggage in the corridor.
Just a minute.— used to someone who is going away before you think be should (you still have something to say to him) or to stop someone in the middle of what he is saying in order to voice an objection.
eg Just a minute! You haven’t given me your address.
Hey! — used either to express indignation or to warn someone quickly of some danger (for example, an approaching car). If used simply to attract attention it is rude, or at least familiar.
eg a. Hey! There’s a car coming,
Hey! Those seats are reserved.
Look/watch out! — to warn someone of danger.
eg Look out! There’s a hole in the pavement.
Mind ...! — meaning “be careful (of)”
eg a. Mind the step! = Be careful not to fall down it.
Mind your head! = Be careful not to bump your head, for example, on a low ceiling.
Exercises
Exercise 1. Make the following questions into polite requests for information addressed to a stranger, introduced by Excuse me, (please).
Model: How do I get to the post office?
Excuse me, please. Could you tell me how to get to the post office? or: Excuse me. Could you tell me how..., please?
How do I get to the British Museum?
Where is the nearest chemist?
What time is it?
Does this bus go to the centre?
Is there a greengrocer’s near here?
How can I get to Oxford Street?
What time does this train leave?
Where is the nearest cafe?
Does Mr. Bailey live here?
Is this seat free?
Exercise 2. What would you say if:
you want to ask the receptionist at your hotel a question but she is talking to someone else?
you see a woman about to step in front of a car?
you want to ask a shop assistant if you can dry a dress on?
a man who has asked to look at your newspaper walks off wdth it?
you want to ask a question at a meeting?
you have an interesting piece of news to tell your fellow-students?
you have to tell a group of tourists that the time of an excursion has been changed?
you want to as-к a fellow-passenger when the train arrives in Moscow?
you see a tall man walking towards a low doorway?
you w'ant the waiter to bring the bill?
Introductions and Conversation Openings
A person performing an introduction in a formal situation says, for example:
Mrs. Johnson, may I introduce Mr. Bentley? Mr. Bentley — Mrs. Johnson.
Less formal alternatives to May I introduce...? are (in order of decreasing formality):
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