Разговорные фразы. А О Иванов. Англ. разговорные формулы. (Восстановлен). Английские разговорные формулы допущено Государственным комитетом ссср по народному образованию в качестве учебного пособия для студентов педагогических институтов по специальности Иностранные языки москва
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Congratulations (on...). eg a. Congratulations on your promotion, Congratulations on passing your exam. The answer is Thank you or Thanks (informal). Well done may also be used about an achievement. eg I came second in the chess competition.— Well done! Seasonal greetings include: (A) Happy/Merry Christmas! (A) Happy New Year! (A) Happy Easter! In reply the person greeted may either repeat the greeting or say Thank you, (and) (the) same to you. Note that congratulate and congratulations are not appropriate here. Note also that there is no English greeting which can be used for any festival (like the Russian С праздником!). The only way of greeting someone on the occasion of a festival not celebrated in Britain (or at least not widely celebrated) is to use the word wishes, lor example:  (Very) best wishes Му/Our (very) best wishes {Women’s Day.  for May Day. Victory Day. Constitution Day. On is sometimes used instead of for, particularly on the day itself (not in advance). The usual birthday greetings are: Many happy returns (of the day)! (A) Happy birthday! — more common, especially in informal situations. Congratulations may be used when someone comes of age (now at 18 in Britain) in formal style. eg Congratulations on your coming-of-age. Otherwise it is practically never used as a birthday greeting nowadays. The answer to all these is Thank you. For engagements and weddings the following forms are used: Congratulations.  ’weddings only f wish you every happiness.— very formal 1 hope you will be very happy.— semi-formal, informal Here again the answer is Thank you (very much). If we meet someone who has recently married but whose wedding we did not go to, the word marriage is used instead. Congratulations on your marriage.— formal I hear you’ve got married. Congratulations.— informal, semi-formal Now here are some other wishes for various occasions: Have a good/nice holiday.— to someone going away on holiday Hote that holiday here means отпуск. Reply: Thank you. (I’m sure I/we shall.) Have a good/nice weekend.— to one’s colleagues before leaving work on Friday evening Reply: Thank you / Thanks. (You too.) Have a good/nice time. 1 — to someone who is going to a party Enjoy yourseif. J or some entertainment Reply: Thank you/Thanks. (I’m sure ! shall.) Have a good journey.— to someone about to travel somewhere, but not usually when-he is going on holiday (Here Have a good holiday is more usual.) Reply: Thank you/Thanks. ) — to someone abou-t to take an exam, j . go for an interview, etc  Good luck! The best of luck! The person addressed replies Thank you or Thanks and. may add ! shall need it. All the best.— to someone who- is leaving for a long time, or before an examination, interview, etc I hope you’ll soon be/feel better.— to someone who is ill Note that there is no wish in English corresponding to the Russian Приятного аппетита! Illustrative Dialogues Note: The style, of all these dialogues is informal — semi-formal. Natasha has passed her exams. Irina: How did you get on in your exams? Natasha: I passed. Irina: Congratulations! What marks did you get? Natasha: Three fives and a four. Irina: Well done. Now you can relax and enjoy yourself for a bit. Natasha: Yes. It’s a big relief. David has passed his driving test. Bob: Hallo, David. You look very pleased with yourself. David: Well, I’ve just passed my driving test. Bob: Congratulations! David: Thanks. Bob: I suppose you’ll soon be buying a car now. David: Oh no. I can’t afford one yet. But my father will let me use his sometimes. Bill has won a table-tennis competition. Chris: I hear you won first prize in the table-tennis competition. Bill: Yes. Chris: Congratulations! Bill: Thanks. I never expected to win. Paul has got engaged. Alan: Congratulations on your engagement. Paul: Thank you very much. Alan: When are you planning to get married? Paul: Some time next year, as soon as we can find somewhere to live. It’s Christmas Eve. Margaret: Happy Christmas. Janice: Thank you. Merry Christmas to you, too. Margaret: Thanks. Are you doing anything special? Janice: No, just staying at home with my family. And you? Margaret: I’m going over to my brother’s for Christmas dinner. Pat is going away for the weekend. Leslie: Have a nice weekend. Pat: Thanks. I’m going to -stay with some friendsJn the country. What are you doing this weekend? Leslie: I’m just going to take things easy. Pat: I’m glad to hear that. You need a good rest after such a hard week. Exercises Exercise I. Read the dialogues in parts, noting what expressions are appropriate in various situations and how people respond. Then learn two of them and reproduce them with another student in class. Exercise 2. Choose the right answer. When it is someone’s birthday you say: Congratulations on your birthday. Best wishes, c. Happy birthday. When someone is getting married you say: a. Good luck. b. I hope you will be very happy. Many happy returns of the day. When someone is going to a party you say: a. Enjoy yourself, b. All the best. / wish you every happiness. When you see your English teacher just before May Day you say: a. Congratulations on May Day. b. Have a good holiday. Best wishes for May Day. When you see a friend off to Moscow (he is going on business) you say: a. Have a good journey, b. Have a good time. Good luck. Exercise 3. Congratulate one oi your fellow-students, using one of the phrases in the right-hand column. Start with his/her name. The student addressed then replies.
Congratulations on your engagement. Many happy returns of the day. I hope you’ll soon feel better. Merry Christmas. Have a good holiday. Congratulations on winning the race. Good luck (in your exam). Enjoy yourself (at the dance). Happy birthday. Have a nice weekend. Exercise 5. What would you say in the following situations? It’s your friend’s birthday. Your neighbour’s wife has just had a baby. Your brother has passed an exam. A colleague’s book has been published. It’s New Year’s Day. An acquaintance has recently got married. You visit a sick relative. You meet a friend who is going for an interview. A fellow-student has won a painting competition. Your sister is going to a concert. It’s Women’s Day. Your neighbours are going away on holiday. Requests  to do something we may use the Positive Requests When we want someone imperative with please. eg Sit down, please. Please sit down. Please in initial position tends to be more emphatic. Note that there is no pause (and no comma) after it. Nor is there a pause before please in the first type of sentence, in spite of the comma. In many situations, however, the imperative with please is not considered polite enough. Then we use one of the following phrases (said with a rising tone), which are listed-in order of increasing politeness (formality). Will you... (please) ? Would) you... (please)? Could J D’you think you could...? Would you mind ...ing?  Will |Would I you be so kind as to...? — very formal The choice between the various alternatives given above depends on: how large the request is (and therefore how much trouble or inconvenience it will cause); eg a. Will you pass the salt, please? Would you mind posting the letter for me? how well we know the person we ask. Thus the same request may be formulated with different degrees of politeness. eg a. Open the window, please. Will you open the window? Would you open the window, please? Would you mind opening the window? Would you be so kind as to open the window? When one has little hope of one’s request being granted, or at least wishes to give this impression, one can use: I don’t suppose... eg I don’t suppose you could lend me a fiver (to tide me over) till Monday, could you, John? * * * The usual replies are: (Yes,) certainly.— formal (Yes,) of course.— semi-formal, informal Ali right.— expressing a lesser degree of willingness OK — informal, often casual (only among friends and relations) (Yes,) here you are.— when handing someone something he has asked for ( at all. \ Not < in the least. > in reply to Would you mind ( a bit. I I’m afraid 1 can’t.— formal, semi-formal (I’m) sorry, I can’t.— semi-formal, informal No, 1 can’t/won’t.— a point-blank refusal. Abrupt, possibly rude. |