Разговорные фразы. А О Иванов. Англ. разговорные формулы. (Восстановлен). Английские разговорные формулы допущено Государственным комитетом ссср по народному образованию в качестве учебного пособия для студентов педагогических институтов по специальности Иностранные языки москва
 Скачать 0.84 Mb.
|
|
Not too/so bad (thank you/thanks). semi-formal, (Unstressed so is pronounced [sa] here.) informal All right, thank you/thanks. OK, thanks — informal, familiar A bit tired, otherwise all right. — semi-formal, informal Avoid saying simply Thank you or Thanks in this situation. These replies are usually followed by an inquiry about the other person’s health. The most common forms are:  logical stress on you And how are you? And you? These inquiries are answered in the same way as the first one. (See above.) If the answer to an inquiry about someone’s health is unfavourable, I’m afraid (meaning unfortunately) is often used, for example: Not very/too well, I’m afraid. I’m afraid / l rn not feelin£ very/too well (today). \ I’ve got rather a bad cold. Possible reactions to such replies are: Oh dear. I’m sorry to hear that. If you know someone fairly well (or at ieast if he is more than an acquaintance), you may ask a more general question, such as: How are you getting on? — semi-formal, informal How’s life?— informal How are things (with you)?—semi-formal, informal eg—Hallo, Graham. How are you getting on? Fine, thanks. What about you? Oh, not too bad. If you want to express pleasure at seeing someone, for example, when welcoming a guest, you may say: Hallo. Nice to see you. A common reply to this is: Nice to see you, too. (With stress on both you and too.) Illustrative Dialogues t. Formal Mr. Jones: Good morning, Mr. Smith. Mr. Smith: Good morning. How are you? Mr. J.: Very well, thank you. And you? Mr. S.: Quite well, thank you. Semi-formal, informal Chris: Hallo, Jenny. Jenny: Hallo, Chris. How are you? Chris: Fine, thanks. What about you? Jenny: Oh, not too bad. Semi-formal, informal David: Hallo. Jean: Hallo, David. How are you getting on? David: All right, thanks. And how are things with you? Jean: Oh, more or less the same as usual. Informal Susan: Hallo, Mary. How’s life? Mary: A bit hectic at the moment. I’m very busy at wprk and besides I’ve got my cousin staying with me. Susan: I see. Well, don’t overdo things. Mary: I’ll do my best. Exercises Exercise 1. Read the dialogues in parts, noting how people greet each other and ask about their health in formal, semi-formal and informal situations. Then learn two of them (of different degrees of formality) and reproduce them with another student in class. Exercise 2. Choose the best answer. When you meet someone whom you know only slightly (in the morning) you say: How do you do? b. Good morning, c. Hallo. When you meet an acquaintance at about 12.30 p.m. you say: Good morning, b. Good afternoon, c. Good day. When you come into a room where there is a group of your fellow- students, you say: Hallo, b. Hallo, everybody, c. Morning. When a senior colleague asks How are you? you reply: Thank you. b. Very well, thank you. c. OK, thanks. When your hostess says Nice to see you you reply: The same to you. b. It’s a pleasure, c. Nice to see you, too. Exercise 3. Greet the following people. The greetings may be used as the starting point for a short dialogue. a close friend called Andrew; an elderly neighbour (Mrs. Elsie Watson), at 3 p.m.; a colleague whom you know only slightly, at 10 a.m.; your parents, on arriving home in the evening; your English teacher at the beginning of a class (formal), in the street (semi-formal); a group of fellow-students; a group of tourists to whom you are acting as a guide; your sister Helen; a shop assistant; your doctor, to whom .you have come for an examination. Exercise 4. One student reads one of the following greetings and the next student responds, adding a question or remark of his own, for example about the weather. Here are some widely-used remarks: Nice/lovely/beautiful day (isn’t it?) Awful/Terrible weather (today). (It’s) very/rather cold today (isn’t it?) Possible responses: Yes, it is (isn't it?) Yes, lovely/beautijul/dreadful/awful (isn’t it?) Model: Student A: Good morning. Student В: Good morning. Lovely day. Student A: Yes, beautiful, isn’t it? Good afternoon. Good evening, Mr. Banks. Hallo. How are you? Hallo, Chris. How are you getting on? Morning. Hallo. How’s life? Good afternoon, Mrs. Reed. How are you keeping? Hallo, Linda. Nice to see you. Good morning, Mr. Webster. Hallo. How are things with you? Leavetaking When you want to take your leave of someone it is often necessary to use some introductory sentence such as: (Well,) 1 must f be going (now). I go (now). I’m afraid I must be going (now). It’s time I was going/off. I’d better be going. I must be off now. When you actually leave, you may say: Good-bye. — formal, semi-formal (Good-) bye for now. Bye (then).  semi-formal, informal Bye now. Bye-bye. Cheerio. See you.— very colloquial. Used mainly by young people to their friends. This phrase does not refer to a later meeting, in contrast to those which follow.  See you later/tonight/tomorrow/on Saturday/next week, etc. at the theatre/concert/party, etc. (I’ll) be seeing you. This means simply some time in the future. The phrases All the best and Good luck are used only in certain circumstances. All the best is appropriate when seeing a friend off for a long time, for example, or when leaving someone who is going for an interview (for a job, etc), or in some similar situation. Good luck may also be used in the latter case or when someone is going to take an examination. Good night.— when leaving someone late in the evening or before going to bed. Used in all styles. Note that Good morningjday/afternoon are no longer used when taking one’s leave. Farewell is now confined to poetry and is hot used in conversation, even when parting with someone for ever. G'ood-bye is used. The reply to Good-bye and the alternatives listed above is either the same or one of the other expressions of the same degree of , formality. eg a. Cheerio, Bye for now. The usual reply to All the best and Good luck is Thank you or Thanks (less formal). When leaving someone we sometimes want to be remembered to some member (s) of his family or a mutual friend or acquaintance. The following phrases are used for this purpose: (Please) give my (kind) regards to...— formal eg Give my kind regards to Professor Grant. (Please) remember me to...— formal, semi-formal eg Please remember me to your parents. Give my love to...— informal, for close friends and relations eg Give my love to Bill. The person addressed usually answers as follows: Thank you, } i (certainly) will. Thanks, ( Illustrative Dialogues Formal Mr. Adams: I’m afraid I must be going. Mr. Brent: Must you really? Mr. A.: Yes, I’m afraid so. I’ve got some urgent work to do. Mr. B.: Weil, I won’t keep you then. Mr. A.: Good-bye. Mr. B.: Good-bye. Remember me to your wife. Mr. A.: Thank you. I will. Semi-formal, informal Paul: It’s time I was going. Jane: But it’s only half past nine, Paul: I know, but I’ve got to get up very early tomorrow. Jane: I see. Paul: Thank you for a lovely evening. Jane: Not at all. It was nice to see you again. Paul: Bye then. Jane: Bye-bye. Informal Susan: Well, I must be off now. Mary: Stay and have a cup of coffee first. Susan: Thanks very much but I really must go. I’ve got an interview for a job tomorrow morning. Mary: Oh. Well, you’d better go to bed early then. Susan: Yes. Well, cheerio then. Mary: Bye. And good luck. Susan: Thanks. I’ll let you know how I get on. Semi-formal, informal Andrew: I’ve come to say good-bye. Roger: When are you off? Andrew: My plane leaves at 12.30 tomorrow. Roger: Well, have a good journey. Andrew: Thanks. Good-bye. Roger: Bye. Keep in touch. Andrew: I will. And thanks for everything. Roger: Don’t mention it. Well, all the best. Andrew: Thanks. Bye-bye. Exercises Exercise 1. Read the dialogues in parts, noting how people take leave of each other in formal, semi-formal and informal situations. Then learn two of them (of different degrees of formality) and reproduce them with another student in class. Exercise 2. One student reads one of the following phrases and the student sitting next to him replies immediately. Good-bye. Cheerio. All the best. See you at the meeting. Bye for now. Remember me to your mother. Good-bye and good luck. Be seeing you. Good night. Give my love to Marion. Exercise 3. What would you say: when leaving a friend’s house after a party at about 11 p.m.? to Professor Marsden, who is leaving for home after a short stay in your town? _ to your parents, when leaving your flat in the morning? when leaving a friend whom you have arranged to meet the same evening? b. the next morning? on the following Sunday? to a group of tourists who are leaving Leningrad? to a colleague with whom you have been discussing your work? when leaving a friend who is going for an interview for a job the next day? to a secretary who has just given you some information, before leaving the office? when leaving a group of fellow-students after classes? to a friend whom you are seeing off to Moscow? Exercise 4. Ask the person whom you are leaving to convey greetings to the following people: his/her parents (whom you know fairly well); Ruth (a mutual friend of your own age); Dr. Sheldon (a research-worker whom you have met once or twice at conferences); your friend’s children; his/her wife/husband (whom you know slightly); Mrs. Collins, your former teacher; the head of the department where your friend teaches; his/her brother (whom you know well). Congratulations and Wishes When someone has achieved something, or been fortunate in some way, we say: |