Разговорные фразы. А О Иванов. Англ. разговорные формулы. (Восстановлен). Английские разговорные формулы допущено Государственным комитетом ссср по народному образованию в качестве учебного пособия для студентов педагогических институтов по специальности Иностранные языки москва
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'} you are! I it is! eg a. on finding sb/sth one has been looking for some time, or about which one has heard b. So you want to study English. (= I’ve been told) Just has several idiomatic uses, mainly connected with the idea of exactness, or a small amount or a short period of time. eg a. It’s just what I wanted. (= exactly) — Would you like something to eat? No, thank you. I’ve just had lunch. (= very recently) — I’d like to talk to you about the concert. I’m sorry but I’m just going out. (at this moment) I’m sorry to interrupt. I just wanted to remind you about the meeting this afternoon. (= only) That’s just fantastic! (intensifying function, = really, absolutely) — Just a minute! (expressing indignation) In spite of the variety of its meanings (which cannot all be dealt with here) just should NOT be used indiscriminately, simply to fill a pause. Well is more suitable for-this purpose on the whole. The expressions given below are used when you want to add something that you have just remembered. They are used to introduce suggestions, offers, requests and complaints, etc, when you want to sound casual, matter of fact. By the way,... eg By the way; what would you say to dinner at a small quiet place? (casual invitation) Incidentally,... eg Incidentally, you still owe me your half of the taxi fare, (casual reminder) While we are on the subject of... eg While we are on the subject of money, how about a loan to tide me over till Monday? (casual request) Talking about/of..., eg — Peter’s taken the children for a picnic this afternoon. — Oh, talking about children, could you possibly baby-sit for us on Friday? We’ve been invited to a party. About that..., eg About that game tomorrow. Would it be very mean if I asked you to give me-yoiIr.ticket? (trying to sound casual about an awkward subject) That reminds me,... eg — I’m going out to post some letters. Oh, that reminds me. I still haven’t written to Mary. The following phrases can be used to soften a statement or opinion, to avoid sounding dogmatic. f I know,... As far as ■! I (can) remember,... ( I can see,... eg a. As far as I know, the time of the train hasn’t changed, b. As far as I can see, it’s the only way out. Personally,... • eg — I like the new television series. Personally, I find it a bit far-fetched. (See also “Opinions”, p. 71.) Actually,... eg — The film was made in 1982. Actually, it was 1984. (tactfully correcting somebody) in a way,... eg — Andrew’s behaved very badly, don’t you think? In a way, yes, but I can’t feeling a bit sorry for him. It ail depends)...) eg — Is it easy to get tickets for their concerts? It depends (who’s conducting/what’s on the programme). When you want to make a statement general, without implying that it covers all cases, all aspects of the question, you can use: generally (This means in most cases, usually.) eg — Shall we go for a drive tomorrow' afternoon? Well, I generally play tennis on Saturday afternoons.  same meaning in general as a (general) rule Note that as usual has a different meaning. It refers to a particular case. eg Here’s Mike. Late as usual. What’s your excuse this time? on the whole eg a. On the whole I agree with you. (= but not in every detail) b. It’s an interesting film on the whole. Note that generally and in general are not appropriate in such cases. The thing is... (but NOT The matter is...) can be used to introduce an explanation colloquially. eg Would you mind if I kept the book a bit longer? The thing is I want to copy some sentences from it and I haven’t got time today. You see can fulfil the same function. Such phrases as the following can also make your conversation sound more natural and idiomatic but they have very little-meaning and should not be overused. Especially avoid repeating the same phrase too often, you know I mean to say ... so to say... As a matter of fact Frankly speaking To tell the truth To cut a long story short Cliches and proverbs such as Last but not least, Better late than never and A friend in need is a friend indeed are rarely used by educated people in Britain, as. they are extremely hackneyed and therefore show lack of originality. On the whole English people are still rather reserved and restrained, at least in comparison with Southern and Slavonic people. This means that they are reluctant to assert their opinions too forcefully, or express their feelings strongly, at least to strangers and mere acquaintances. It also leads them to play down the seriousness of their misfortunes and failures. These tendencies are reflected in the following conversational habits: wide use of such words as well, personally, as a matter of fact, etc and question tags (eg: Sally’s a nice girl, isn’t she?; It was a good concert, wasn’t it?); use of understatement: eg a. (When one is very ill) — I’m not too well at the moment. b. (When one has failed to get an important job) — Well, naturally I’m rather disappointed. This is particularly desirable when speaking of one’s own possessions or achievements (to avoid seeming boastful). eg c. — Congratulations on winning the chess championship. Thank you. We didn’t do too badly, did we? — What a beautiful garden you’ve got! Yes, it’s quite nice, really. a preference for general, neutral subjects of conversation (eg: the weather; one’s surroundings — the town, countryside, house, etc; current events) and avoidance of subjects which may be considered too personal (at least for conversation with mere acquaintances) or too specialized, thus excluding other people present; a' distaste for gesticulation. (Waving one’s arms about is considered to be characteristic of foreigners.) However, these are only general tendencies, not rules, and apply mainly to conversation with strangers and people whom one knows only slightly. Иванов Алексей Олегович Поуви Джейн АНГЛИЙСКИЕ РАЗГОВОРНЫЕ ФОРМУЛЫ Зав. редакцией Н. Н. Кузнецова Редакторы А. С. Кулешова, Н. Ю. Бахтиарова Младший редактор Н. Ю. Бахтиарова Художественный редактор Л. Ф. Малышева Технический редактор Г. М. Носкова Корректор О. В. Мокрович ИБ № 11430 Сдано в набор 14.09.88. Подписано к печати 10.05.89. Формат 60Х9011 i«. Бум. офсетная № 2. Гарнит. литературная. Печать офсетная. Уел. печ. л. 8,0. Уел. кр.-отт. 8,38. Уч.-изд. л. 8,34. Тираж 158 000 экз. Заказ № 578. Цена 30 к. Ордена Трудового Красного Знамени издательство «Просвещение» Государственного комитета РСФСР по делам издательств, полиграфии и книжной торговли. 129846, Москва, 3-й проезд Марьиной рощи, 41. Отпечатано с диапозитивов ордена Трудового Красного Знамени ПО «Детская книга» Росглавполиграфпрома Государственного комитета РСФСР по делам издательств, полиграфии и книжной торговли. 127018, Москва, Сущевский вал, 49 на Саратовском ордена Трудового Красного Знамени полиграфическом комбинате Государственного комитета РСФСР по делам издательств, полиграфии и книжной торговли. 410004, Саратов, ул. Чернышевского, 59. 1 4525575 — telephone number 1 RSPCA — Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals 1 For a full treatment of quite and rather see: Povev j. Get ft Right.—M., 1984.—P. 50. 1 yoghurt ['jnyatj — йогурт (кефир) 1 ba!i-point (pen) — шариковая ручка 1 Credit-cards are issued by large banks for their customers who can use them in many shops in Britain and abroad. |