Grammar exercises (Упражнения по грамматике). Grammar exercises

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Gerund

1. Есть предлог Thank you for doing this work.

2. Есть притяжательное местоимение.

Excuse my interrupting you.

3. Указывает на назначение определяемого существительного или одну из его характеристик, неодушевленное существительное действие не

Participle

1. He имеет предлога

2. He имеет притяжательного местоимения

3. B форме левого определения определяемое существительное (одушевительное) само совершает действие (a sleeping child)

совершает (sleeping car)

4. Переводится инфинитивом, существительным или личной формой глагола в придаточном предложении Her task was looking after children
4. Переводится личной формой глагола

5. При перемещении слова направо сохраняется прежний смысл

boiling water = the water boiling

a landing problem = the problem landing

Exercise 14. Pick out participles, gerunds.
1. Keeping the secret won’t do any harm.

2. So thinking, he paused before his house door.

3. Adrian, glancing round, suddenly saw Kate.

4. The answer to this was unexpected.

5. Taking his seat, he looked at his watch.

6. All is getting the truth.

7. He entered, puzzled but interested.

8. The young man, having risked his life to save the child, disappeared into the crowd.

9. ‘ ... my habit of floating very low in water makes people on the shore think that I may be drowning.’

10. Teaching children is useful work.

11. She turned round on his entering the room.

12. Taking the candlestick in his hand, Mr. Pickwick walked quietly downstairs.

13. She can’t bear thinking of it or speaking of it.

14. He was good at gathering mushrooms.

15. Covering her eyes with her hands, she said something very softly.

16. He replaced used ash-trays on the table with fresh and refilled Dodo’s coffee cup, then the others.

17. She had no photographs of herself taken since her marriage.

The Subjunctive Mood
Exercise 1. Comment on the use of the Subjunctive Mood in complex sentences with clauses of unreal condition. Translate the sentences in to Russian.
1. If you were me, here and now, what would you do? 2. He was a stranger to George and he was aware that if he met him in the street he would not recognize him. 3. They would enjoy themselves much more if they had a party of their own. 4. I shouldn’t have slept a wink all night if I hadn’t known you were safe. 5. If I were Jim I wouldn’t tell that to the judge. 6. If Howden had been less preoccupied he might have noticed that she seemed unusually radiant this morning. 7. If Miss Emily suffered half as much as she said she did, she would have sent for Dr Haydock long ago. 8. If you were a man you’d never speak to her again. 9. She was not old and if she had told you that she was forty you would have been quite willing to believe it. 10. If he closed his eyes, he thought, he would visualize the scene. 11. Oh, if he had had the better fortune to appear before another judge, more sympathetic, would the result be different now? 12. If it had been anybody else’s play, he would have rejected it. 13. If he did retire, would anyone notice the difference? 14. Miss Marple interrupted him: “Oh, but they were not on bad terms!” – “You know that for a fact.” – “Everyone would have known if they’d quarreled.” 15. Mum and Dad were so old-fashioned that if I took a girl home, they would consider her visit as good as shouting an engagement from the house-tops. 16. If his wife had gone away and left a note on the pin-cushion, it would be the first he’d known of anything of that kind.
Exercise 2. Supply the correct mood of the verbs in brackets.
1. If I (not to be) what I am, things (to be) so simply. 2. If you (to be allowed) to stay in Canada? What you (to do)? 3. I can only tell you that, if anyone (to suggest) to me yesterday that O’Murphy was a traitor, I (to laugh) in his face. 4. We are foolish and sentimental and melodramatic at twenty-five, but if we (not to be) perhaps we 9to be) less wise at fifty. 5. “If it (to be) an accident,” said Sir Henry gently, “I do not think Mrs Bautry (to tell) us this history.” 6. I’m no a doctor. If (to be), do you think I (to waste) five dollars on you? 7. If I (to be) you I (to do) my hair rather differently. 8. I (not to mind) if he (to say) my pictures were bad, but he said nothing. 9. After all, if he (to have) any talent I (to be) the first to encourage him. 10. I (not to go) if you (not to say) you’d come with me. 11. How it (to be) if I (to drop) around this evening? 12. If only I (to feel) that somebody wanted me, that I was of use to somebody, I (to become) a different person. 13. Your manners are all right. I (not to bring) you here if they (not to be). Don’t be uneasy. 14. If you (to let) me have my way before there (to be) no cause for our trouble tonight. 15. If I (to be) twenty-seven again I suppose I (to be) as big a fool as I was then. 16. Paul believed that his mother never (to say) the things she did if she (to know) that Paul could hear her.
Exercise 3. Complete the following sentences using the required Subjunctive Mood.
1. If you had been at home … . 2. If I were not so busy … . 3. She wouldn’t have done it if … . 4. What would you answer if … ? 5. You wouldn’t have fallen ill if … . 6. If he had sent a telegram … . 7. The watch wouldn’t have stopped if …. . 8. If it were not raining … .
9. You would get excellent marks if … . 10. If I had known everything … . 11. If it were not so cold … . 12. I’d have got there long ago if … . 13. He would study much better if … . 14. She wouldn’t say so if … . 15. If we knew him better … . 16. The child wouldn’t be crying if … . 17. If you had managed to escape … .
Exercise 4. Comment on the word order in the following sentences. Translate the sentences into Russian.
1. Had Irene been present, the family circle would have been complete. 2. Had he had time to think about it he would have been certain that he was not told all. 3. It would have been incredible, indeed, had they not been victims themselves. 4. She used to wonder what on earth they would ever do were she to go away or be ill. 5. Jeunne, had she had time to collect her thoughts, would have tried to make some excuse but Louie swept past before Jeunne could say a word. 6. Were it not for the ugly wound upon my hand, all that had passed during those dreadful hours might have been an evil dream. 7. Had I died this morning, they would still be about their business, untouched and uncaring. 8. Hadn’t the doctor told her that it was quite possible she might never have another fit. 9. Had I known who you really were, I should not have invited you to my house last night. 10. You would never have thought had you seen her quarter of an hour later, that so short a while before she had passed through such a weeping. 11. Had he gone to his aunt he would have been sure to meet Lord Hoodbody there. 12. But she also sensed that had he been ill he would have got word to her.
Exercise 5. Translate into English.
1. а) Если у него сейчас занятия, нам придется долго ждать. b) Если бы у него сейчас были занятия, нам пришлось бы долго ждать. 2. а) Если я ее увижу в ближайшее время, я, конечно, расскажу ей об этом. b) Если бы я ее увидел в ближайшее время, я бы, конечно, рассказал ей об этом. 3. а) Если он не был это время болен, он посещал тренировки. b) Если бы он не был это время болен, он бы посещал тренировки. 4. а) Если она смогла выбрать время, она просмотрела ваши замечания. b) Если бы она смогла выбрать время, она бы просмотрела ваши замечания. 5. а) Если вы там бывали, вы знаете, как выглядят эти места. b) Если бы вы там побывали, вы бы знали, как выглядят эти места.
Exercise 6. Replace the infinitives by the correct form of the subjunctive mood.
1. But for the toothache I (to enjoy) the concert. 2. But for him we still (to sit) here waiting for the car. 3. But for my smile he (to believe) me. 4. The children (to sleep) in the open air but for the rain. 5. Nobody (to recognize) him but for the scar on his left cheek. 6. But for his severe look the child (not to begin) crying. 7. But for the accent with which he speaks nobody (to say) he is not Russian. 8. One (may take) him for a Russian but for the accent with which he speaks. 9. But for the late hour I (to stay) here longer. 10. But for the darkness they (not to lose) their way. 11. But for the fog we (to continue) our way. 12. But for the heavy bag she (to go) there also on foot. 13. I (to read) the book sooner but for the small print. 14. But for his assistance it (to be) impossible to do the work in time. 15. But for the hot climate he (to go) there together with us. 16. But for Fieta Lanny (to see) by Gert in his own house, and something terrible (may happen). 17. Lanny probably (to learn) never that he was the son of old Gert Villier but for Mako and Isaac.
Exercise 7. Complete the following.
a)

1. But for the rain the tourists … . 2. But for the late hour we … . 3. I … but for you. 4. The plane … but for the sudden change of weather. 5. But for the fact that we did not know the language … . 6. But for your being so careless … . 7. The Gadfly … from prison but for the fit of sickness. 8. But for his mother’s unhappy marriage to Mr. Murdstone David’s life … .

b)

1. Если бы не важность этого дела, я бы остался дома. 2. Если бы не гроза, мы бы уже подходили к вершине. 3. Я бы присоединился к вашей компании, если бы не неожиданный приезд моего знакомого. 4. Если бы не этот веселый и интересный человек, мы бы чувствовали себя неловко среди незнакомых людей. 5. Мы бы так и не узнали, что он за человек, если бы не этот случай. 6. Мы бы все время работали точно по плану, если бы не эта маленькая задержка.
Exercise 8. Make the condition or concession less probable by using the subjunctive mood.
M o d e l: If I am late, don't wait for me.

Should I be late, don't wait for me.
1. If I see him, I shall warn him of the postponement. 2. If you come back soon, ring me up. 3. Even if there is nothing new, you are to report to say so: 4. If he insists on it, they are likely to withdraw the motion. 5. If she asks you for an immediate answer, try to delay as long as you can under any pretext. 6. The party can leave earlier if a spell of good weather sets in. 7. If you meet with any difficulty, you may come to thrash the matter out any time you find it fit. 8. If there are any changes, the committee will know. 9. I can give you a lift if your driver does not come in good time. 10. We shall have to include it in the schedule even if it means striking out some other item.
Exercise 9. Paraphrase the following so as to use the subjunctive mood in adverbial clauses of condition and concession.
1. If you happen to be present rat at the ceremonial meeting, congratulate them on our behalf. 2. The snow shields are meant to protect the track against snowdrifts in case of a strong wind. 3. If you are lucky enough to get tickets for the show, will you spare me one? 4. I am sure nobody will have it much against you even if you make a mistake. 5. If you chance to hear anything from or of him, they would be most grateful if you let them know. 6. They will try their best to render you every support if there is the slightest possibility. 7. And even if the letter by any occasion turns up at your office, please return it to us unopened. 8. If you happen to come across this book, secure a copy for me. 9. Even if it happens so that we shall not find you in, we shall not go away and shall wait for you. 10. Come and see us here any time next year. If you chance to come in autumn, you'll enjoy a lot of fruit.
Exercise 10. Translate into English.
1. Если вы случайно будете в Горьком, обязательно посмотрите памятник Чкалову. 2. Случись мне увидеть этот словарь, а) я бы его купил, b) я его обязательно куплю. 3. Если поезд будет опаздывать, а) дайте нам телеграмму, b) я дам вам телеграмму, в) я бы дал телеграмму. 4. А что если он не придет? 5. Скажите, что я направил вас, если он вас вдруг не узнает. 6. Даже если он ничего вам не скажет, не думайте, что он ничего не заметил. 7. Будете проходить мимо непременно загляните к нам. 8. Будь я снова в этих местах, обязательно сходил бы на охоту. 9. Вам придется обстоятельно обосновать свои выводы, даже если некоторые из них покажутся, сами собой разумеющимися. 10. Позвоните мне, пожалуйста, если вы неожиданно задержитесь. 11. Если бы вам довелось побывать в нашем городе еще раз, я надеюсь, вы не забыли бы дать нам знать об этом? 12. А что если она вдруг забудет об этом? 13. Доведись нам снова встретиться, мы уже будем старыми знакомыми. 14. Даже если бы за это время и произошли какие-то изменения, они все равно не повлияли бы на принципиальное решение вопроса. 15. А что если самолет не вылетит вовремя? 16. Даже если бы он спросил вас об этом, не говорите ему ничего. 17. Даже если бы вы узнали меня, не подавайте вида.
Exercise 11. Translate the sentences into English.
1. Если бы я не знал его так хорошо, я бы не поверил тому, что он мне только что рассказал. 2. Мы все были бы рады, если бы он имел успех на завтрашнем вечере. 3. О, если бы я была тогда достаточно взрослой, чтобы понять всю серьезность положения! 4. Если бы ты положила книгу на место, она была бы сейчас здесь. 5. Если бы они начали эту работу сразу, они смогли бы закончить ее вовремя. 6. Я бы давно ей написала, если бы знала адрес. 7. Если бы сейчас было потеплее, я надела бы новое летнее пальто. 8. Будь я тогда там сама, я бы уладила это дело. 9. Если бы вы были внимательнее на прошлом уроке, вы бы сейчас лучше знали материал. 10. Ах, если бы только мы могли вам все объяснить! 11. Где бы ты меня ждал, если бы мы условились встретиться. 12. Если бы он не был болен тогда, он мог бы оказаться в гораздо большей опасности. 13. Кто знает, как бы он поступил, если бы услышал об этом раньше, 14. Я бы давно ответила на твой вопрос, если бы могла. 15. Все были бы рады, если бы вы зашли к нам еще раз до вашего отъезда. 16. Вы бы чувствовали себя лучше, если бы больше гуляли. 17. Ты бы не разбил вазу, если бы был осторожнее. 18. Я бы не бранила тебя, знай я тогда то, что ты говоришь мне сейчас.
Exercise 12. Comment on the use of the Subjunctive Mood in object clauses after the verb to wish and translate the sentences into Russian.
1. He wished now that when the director of his firm spoke to him he had answered differently. 2. I wish I knew how you reached your results. 3. I only wish that you could come with me, Watson, but I fear that it won’t do. 4. She wished that it had been possible not to cause those two people such fearful distress. 5. “I wish you hadn’t got such sharp eyes,” she said. 6. I wished I hadn’t wasted so much money when I got there. 7. I wish I deserved your compliment but I don’t. 8. He had nothing against skiing – he wished he had had time to take it up when he was a young man. 9. He wished he felt more conviction on the point. 10. Oh, I wish I hadn’t sent him that letter telling him to take care of himself. 11. I know this none of my business. But I wish I knew what it’s all about. 12. I wonder if we ought to have played that trick on Miss Reid. I almost wish we’d left her alone. 13. I wish you could stay and then we could talk over my picture. 14. I only wish it had lasted twice as long. 15. I always remember everything. Some people wish I didn’t. 16. I wish you didn’t have to go. Why must you?
Exercise 13. Paraphrase the following sentences so as to use the Subjunctive Mood after the verb to wish.
1. He was sorry he couldn't join us. 2. It's a pity you were absent yesterday. 3. I'd like him to be more polite. 4. They are sorry they didn't invite her. 5. He was disappointed that he would not be able to see the film. 6. I regret now not having told her all the truth then. 7. What a pity you can't swim. 8. I'm awfully sorry I kept you waiting so long. 9. It's a pity I couldn't go to the theatre with you. 10. I'm very sorry that I have disturbed you. 11. It's a pity you are leaving so soon. 12. I'd like to see the film again. 13. It was a pity we could not see the stage well. 14. They were sorry they hadn't taken a taxi and had missed their train.
Exercise 14. Supply the correct form of the Subjunctive Mood of the verbs in brackets.
1. Oh, I wish I (not to send) him that letter. I'd give anything to take it back. 2. I wish I (to be) as sure as you. 3. But he wished that there (to be) some way in which he could help the young lawyer. 4. "I wish I (not to cry) so much," said Alice trying to find her way out. 5. And here I wish I (can) tell you half of the things Alice used to say. 6. I rather wished Poirot (to be) there. 7. I wish I (to know) it was your friend. 8. He wished he (to come) by air. 9. I wish I (to know) what to do now. 10.I wish that poor Strickland (to be) still alive. 11. I wish I (to know) it was your birthday, Lady Windermere, I would have covered the whole street in front of your house with flowers. 12. I wish they (to be) back. 13.1 wished I (to have) enough confidence so that I could transfer some to her. But I didn't. 14. I wish I never (to hear) of it. 15. I wish to we (to have) bicycles. 16. I wish I (to know) where we are going. 17. I wish that I (to be) with the British. It would have been much simpler.
Exercise 15. Translate into English using the Subjunctive Mood in object clauses.
1. Как жаль, что вы были так неосторожны. Этого бы не случилось, если бы вы послушали совета наших друзей. 2. Как жаль, что это произошло в ваше отсутствие. 3. Жаль, что вы не интересуетесь искусством. 4. Я теперь жалею, что не захватила с собой таблетки от головной боли. 5. Ты пожалеешь, что не пошел со мной. 6. Жаль, что вы не сохранили письмо. 7. Хоть бы ей кто-нибудь сказал, что это невежливо. 8. Ей очень хотелось, чтобы кто-нибудь заметил ее и спросил, что она тут делает. 9. Хорошо, если бы вы всегда приходили вовремя. 10. Жаль, что вы не смогли посмотреть этот матч. 11. Досадно, что преподаватель обращает мало внимания на ваше произношение. 12. Хотелось бы мне, чтобы вы были осторожнее в следующий раз. 13. Как жаль, что я не могу как следует описать вам сцену, которая затем последовала. 14. Как жаль, что доктор ушел. Я не спросила его, когда принимать лекарство. 15. Обидно, что мы не знаем его адреса. Мы могли бы сходить к нему сегодня же. 16. Жаль, что в детстве меня не учили никакому иностранному языку. 17. Она жалела, что ей не было слышно, о чем говорили внизу. 18. Я бы хотела, чтобы ты содержал все свои вещи в порядке. 19. Напрасно он не посвятил свою жизнь математике. Это его любимый предмет с детства.