вап. Контрольная_работа_ТмЗ_2021-2022 (1). Контрольная работа по дисциплине Иностранный (русский) язык в профессиональной сфере
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Министерство Российской Федерации по делам гражданской обороны, чрезвычайным ситуациям и ликвидации последствий стихийных бедствий Академия Государственной противопожарной службы Методические указания и контрольная работа по дисциплине «Иностранный (русский) язык в профессиональной сфере» для слушателей заочной формы обучения по направлению подготовки 20.04.01 «Техносферная безопасность» (уровень магистратуры) Москва 2021 Содержание I. Методические указания …………………………………………………...3 II. Контрольное задание……………………………………………………...5 Вариант I……………………………………………………..………………...5 Вариант II……………………………………………………………………...9 III. Образец оформления титульного листа……………………………...13 I. МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ Указания к выполнению контрольной работы На изучение дисциплины «Иностранный язык в профессиональной сфере» по направлению подготовки 20.04.01 «Техносферная безопасность» (уровень магистратуры) слушателями заочной формы обучения учебным планом отводится 72 часа (из них 10 часов отводится на практические занятия в установочный и в обзорный период сессии). Обучение завершается зачетом с оценкой. Поскольку в Академии ГПС МЧС России заочное обучение реализуется с применением дистанционных технологий, после установочных занятий в межсессионный период обучающиеся должны самостоятельно изучить тематический материал по разделам курса, представленный в СДО «Прометей», пройти обязательное тестирование за весь курс и выполнить одну контрольную работу. Требования к выполнению и оформлению контрольных работ Контрольные задания даются в двух вариантах. Обучающиеся должны выполнить нужный вариант в соответствии с последними цифрами шифра зачетной книжки. Первый вариант выполняют слушатели, номер шифра зачетных книжек которых оканчивается на цифры 1-5. Второй вариант выполняют слушатели, номер шифра зачетных книжек которых оканчивается на цифры 6, 7, 8, 9, 0. Контрольные работы следует выполнять в формате документа Word и в установленные для проверки и рецензирования сроки отправить через СДО «Прометей» преподавателю. На титульном листе контрольной работы должны быть указаны: фамилия слушателя, инициалы, группа и номер зачетной книжки. Задания необходимо выполнять в той последовательности, в какой они представлены в контрольной работе. При выполнении контрольной работы необходимо привести формулировку задания и текст самих заданий. Если работа выполнена не в соответствии с указаниями или не полностью, она возвращается слушателю без проверки и считается не зачтенной. Исправление работы на основе рецензии По получении проверенной рецензентом контрольной работы необходимо внимательно ознакомиться с рецензией, изучить замечания рецензента и проанализировать допущенные ошибки или неточности. Если контрольная работа не зачтена, сначала рекомендуется повторить не достаточно хорошо усвоенный учебный материал, а затем выполнить работу над ошибками в этом же файле после всех заданий согласно указаниям рецензента. В работу над ошибками выносятся только те предложения, в которых содержатся ошибки или неточности перевода. Контрольная работа в исправленном виде должна быть направлена преподавателю для повторного рецензирования. Слушатели, не получившие зачет по контрольной работе, не допускаются к сдаче зачета с оценкой. II. КОНТРОЛЬНОЕ ЗАДАНИЕ Вариант 1 I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты. Structural elements and internal fire systems must have sufficient resilience to restrict fire spread, so that people most at risk can evacuate first, while others can be evacuated later, once the firefighting teams arrive. It is recommended that for major airports, the first fire apparatus has to be able to arrive at any point on the operational runways in less than two minutes and all other required apparatus in three minutes or less. Some materials, such as cellulose nitrate, may not be smothered because they contain sufficient oxygen for self-combustion. Firefighters were not allowed to enter the burning building for safety reasons. The investigator should always conduct brief interviews of witnesses, bystanders, police officers, or other persons who can provide some insight as to the cause of the fire incident. II. Выпишите предложения, содержащие страдательный залог, и письменно переведите их на русский язык. As occupants did not have access to exterior fire escapes they were rescued by firefighters from apartment windows on front of building. Understanding how people respond to fire alarms and how they use means of escape in real incidents gives essential information to designers of buildings and systems. Since fires are due to oxidation, they need air to burn properly, and a flame will go out after it has used up the oxygen in a closed compartment. Once the origin of a fire has been located, identification of the fire cause will involve consideration of both physical and witness evidence. In many cases where the fire has been burning longest is where it started. Combustion gases tend to rise due to the heat of the fire, since they are lighter than the surrounding air. It is rarely possible to identify the fire cause with any accuracy unless the area or point of ignition can first be determined. In facilities equipped with sprinkler systems, a fire will be quickly controlled or extinguished. III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения, содержащие причастие. The most common of the hazardous substances contained in smoke generated in a fire is carbon monoxide. Modern fire alarm systems may synthesize a voice message announcing the fire location and recommended action to the personnel at risk. Spontaneous combustion begins with a slow oxidation process (bacterial fermentation or atmospheric oxidation) under conditions not permitting ready dissipation of heat. They attempted to use exterior fire escapes located at the rear of the building, but were hampered by occupants evacuating. Having examined the fire scene, the investigator did not find any evidence indicating that the cause of the fire was of an electrical nature. IV. Выпишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения, в которых содержится субъектный инфинитивный оборот. It was considered that the depth of charring could be used to determine the duration of the fire, but it is not true. Power outages are likely to occur in certain parts of the country because of the hurricane. The number of natural disasters is known to continue to rise in the near future. Local authorities believe they will be able to cope with the consequences of the disastrous flood without outside assistance. The Incident Commander declared the search and rescue operation to be over. The fire, which according to local authorities started late on Christmas Day afternoon, is believed to have broken out near the entrance of the single storey building. V. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения, содержащие герундий. On arriving at a fire place a fire investigator tries to reconstruct the sequence of events which have led to the fire. EMERCOM of Russia participates in international search and rescue operations after receiving requests for assistance from the disaster affected countries. Automatic fire alarm systems alert the building occupants by sounding alarm bells or voice alarms throughout the building. Home fire inspections are generally conducted for the purpose of inspecting for life safety issues in the home, providing measures to improve the safety of residents and increasing fire safety knowledge. When properly installed and maintained, automatic fire sprinkler systems are the most effective means for protecting life and property against fire. VI. Прочтите и устно переведите текст I "The Phases of Fire". Затем перепишите и письменно переведите второй и третий абзацы текста I. TEXT I The Phases of Fire 1. Fires go through several phases as the fuel and oxygen available are consumed. Each phase has its own characteristic and hazards that should be understood by firefighting personnel and fire investigators. 2. The incipient stage is the first or beginning stage of a fire. In this stage, combustion has begun. This stage is identified by an ample supply of fuel and oxygen. The products of combustion that are evolved during the first phase normally include water vapour, carbon dioxide (CO2), and carbon monoxide (CO). Temperatures at the seat of the fire may have reached 1000°F, but room temperatures are still close to normal. 3. The free-burning stage follows the incipient stage. At this point, the self-sustained chemical reaction is intensifying. Greater amounts of heat are evolved and the fuel and oxygen supply is rapidly consumed. Room temperatures can rise over 1300 °F. In an enclosed area or room, the free-burning stage can become dangerous. Because of the heat intensity, the contents within a room are heated. At some point, if the room is not well ventilated, the contents will reach their ignition temperature. A flashover occurs when the contents within a room simultaneously reach their ignition temperature and become involved in flames. It is common for room temperatures to exceed 2000°F following a flashover. 4. The smoldering stage follows the free-burning stage. At this stage the oxygen concentration decreases and the fuel begins to glow. A smoldering fire is identified by a sufficient amount of fuels and lower oxygen concentrations. Smoldering fires can continue the combustion process for hours. Room temperatures can range from 1000-1500 °F. The byproducts of combustion also fill the room and human survival is impossible. VII. Прочитайте текст II "Oil Spill" и письменно ответьте на вопросы к нему на русском языке: Where can oil spills occur? What are the consequences of oil spills? What do cleanup and recovery activities from oil spills depend on? TEXT II Oil Spill An oil spill is a form of pollution resulted from human activity. The term is usually applied to marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters, but spills may also occur on land. Oil spills at sea are generally much more damaging than those on land, since they can spread for long distances and can kill all live organisms. In case of a land oil spill people should construct earth dams to prevent the oil spread Oil spills may be due to releases of crude oil from tankers, offshore platforms and drilling rigs as well as spills of refined petroleum products (such as gasoline, diesel) and their by-products. Crude oil and refined fuel spills can damage vulnerable ecosystems in many places. It was proved that smaller spills have a great impact on ecosystems because of the site remoteness or the difficulty of an emergency environmental response. Oil spills represent immediate fire hazard and produce air pollution. Spilled oil can contaminate drinking water supplies. Contamination can have an economic impact on tourism and marine resources extraction industries. Cleanup and recovery from an oil spill is difficult and depends upon many factors, including the type off spilled oil, the temperature of the water and the types of shorelines and beaches involved. Spills may take weeks, months or even years to clean up. Oil spills can have disastrous economical, environmental and social consequences for society. Great attention is paid to oil spill accidents by mass media. Despite substantial national and international policy improvements on preventing oil spills, large oil spills keep occurring. Вариант 2 I. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения, обращая внимание на модальные глаголы и их эквиваленты. During the thorough interior examination of the building the investigator gains information about pre-fire conditions which may have influence on the fire’s origin, cause and development. Fire department personnel found that the majority of the detectors they were able to check after the fire either had dead batteries or were without batteries. The investigator must have a thorough understanding of fire dynamics in order to interpret fire patterns correctly. Fire conditions changed rapidly due to the collapse of an interior wall and the fire crew had to retreat from the building. As a rule, sprinklers can control fire spread within a few minutes of their activation, which results in significantly less damage than could happen without sprinklers. II. Выпишите предложения, содержащие страдательный залог, и письменно переведите их на русский язык. Combustion gases tend to rise due to the heat of the fire, since they are lighter than the surrounding air. Over 4 billion people worldwide were affected by disasters and over 1.2 million people lost their lives in the period 2000-2019. The building lacked minimum fire protection equipment – no alarm system, no illuminated exit signs, no emergency egress lighting, no panic hardware on doors. Dry pipe sprinkler systems are installed in areas where distribution pipes can be exposed to temperatures below 4 °C such as unheated buildings and parking garages. All buildings must be designed and constructed in a way that protects the occupants from the fire and ensures their safe evacuation. Fire codes regulate such requirements as the minimum occupancy for buildings, theatres or restaurants. Spontaneous combustion occurs when certain materials undergo oxidation in an environment that limits heat dissipation. Due to inaccessible terrain and active fire behavior a combination of direct and indirect fire attack will be used on this incident. III. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения, содержащие причастие. One of the major hazards associated with firefighting operations could possibly be the toxic environment created by combustible materials. Water being a very effective heat absorber is often used to cool burning materials. Many extinguishing agents put out fires with a smothering action that deprives the fire of oxygen. Having identified the origin of the fire, the investigator tried to determine what the cause of the fire could be. Foam applied to the surface of a burning liquid acts as a physical barrier, which prevents the release of vapor into the combustion zone above the surface of the liquid. IV. Выпишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения, в которых содержится субъектный инфинитивный оборот. The Incident Commander ordered all the firefighters to leave the building because of the danger of collapse. Wildfires are likely to occur more frequently and intensely under the impact of climate change. The firefighters, all wearing breathing apparatus, could find no access large enough for them to get into the roof to extinguish the flames. It appeared that the room was ready to flash over. The use of aircraft to extinguish forest fires proved to be effective. The cause of the fire was reported to be overheated electric wiring. V. Перепишите и письменно переведите на русский язык предложения, содержащие герундий. If properly maintained, modern fire detection and alarm systems are reliable methods of reducing the risk of large-loss incidents. Providing timely response to disasters is important for preventing significant damage and the loss of life. During a fire, materials change their physical state as a result of being heated. The difficulty of determining how arson has occurred is in the fact that fire often destroys the key evidence of its origin. It is important to realize that establishing the cause of a fire or explosion is not restricted simply to identifying the fuel and ignition source. VI. Прочтите и устно переведите текст I "Investigation of Fires". Затем перепишите и письменно переведите второй и четвертый абзацы текста I. TEXT I Investigation of Fires 1. It is important to investigate every incident that results in, or could have resulted in, a fire or explosion in order to prevent future occurrences. As a rule, incident investigation should be started as soon as possible. 2. Fire investigations have four main objectives: review of structural damage, fire-ignition sequence, fire development, and fire casualties. The actual investigation of the fire typically will start with a review of the exterior of the structure to document any fire damage or other damage that could be caused by firefighting. Next, the investigator will review the interior of the structure to document any fire damage or other damage caused by firefighting. 3. Once the review of the exterior and interior is complete, the investigator will attempt to reconstruct the fire. The focus here is to try to identify the fire’s development, starting with its origin and the location of combustibles or other fuels. The investigator will examine the ignition sequence by identifying the heat source, combustible material, and the act that brought the heat source in contact with the combustible material. The contents of the building, such as ordinary combustibles, are examined as well because of their influence on both fire growth and smoke and gases produced. 4. After the fire has been reconstructed, the investigator will focus on interviewing witnesses and firefighters at the scene. The investigator asks witnesses about conditions, such as flame spread, heat generated, smoke volume and colour, property damage, and unusual activities. Based on the reconstruction of the fire and the interviews, the investigator may need to conduct laboratory tests on the materials to evaluate such things as burn characteristics of materials, or composition of residues. Once all of this information is collected, the investigator will analyze it to determine incident cause. VII. Прочитайте текст II "Disasters" и письменно ответьте на вопросы к нему на русском языке: What is the definition of the term “disaster”? What can cause technological disasters? What are the phases of disaster management? TEXT II Disasters A disaster is the impact of a natural or man-made hazard that negatively affects the environment. Disasters can take many different forms and the duration can range from hours to days and weeks of destruction. Natural hazards can be classified as geological (earthquakes, volcano eruptions, landslides, tsunamis), meteorological (hurricanes, tornados, pouring rains, heavy snowfalls), hydrological (floods and avalanches), natural fires (forest fires), climatological (extreme temperatures, droughts and wildfires) or biological (disease epidemics and insect/animal plagues). Disasters having an element of human interest, negligence or error are called man-made disasters. Man-made disasters are divided into technological and sociological. Technological disasters are the results of failure of technology, such as engineering failures, transport disasters or environmental disasters. Sociological disasters have a strong human motive, such as criminal acts, sabotage, wars, etc. Disaster management (or emergency management) is the discipline which deals with both natural and man-made disasters. It involves mitigation, preparedness, response and recovery in order to decrease the impact of disasters. There are three emergency services – police, fire service and emergency medical service. Police deals with people and property security and also punishment of those who cause an emergency through their actions. Fire service deals with disastrous fires and rescue operations, e.g. road traffic collisions. Their actions help prevent loss of life, damage to health and property. Emergency medical service attempts to reduce loss of life and health damage. МИНИСТЕРСТВО РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ ПО ДЕЛАМ ГРАЖДАНСКОЙ ОБОРОНЫ, ЧРЕЗВЫЧАЙНЫМ СИТУАЦИЯМ И ЛИКВИДАЦИИ ПОСЛЕСТВИИ СТИХИЙНЫХ БЕДСТВИЙ Академия Государственной противопожарной службы Кафедра иностранных и русского языков Контрольная работа по дисциплине «Иностранный (русский) язык в профессиональной сфере» Вариант № Выполнил: слушатель магистратуры факультет ФИО группа № зачетной книжки Проверил: Москва 202… |