Контрольня работа №1 заочное обучение "Технология Машиностроения". Контрольня работа №1 заочное обучение "Технология Машиностр. Методические указания и контрольные задания для студентовзаочников по специальности
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Раздел 4. Русская кухня. Содержание учебного материала Лексика: Слова, клише и выражения по темам: Тема 4.1 Русская кухня. Тема 4.2 Особенности русской кухни. Грамматика: Пассивный залог. Союзы either … or, neither … nor. Существительное в функции определения. Многозначность слов. Фонетика: Ударение в сложных словах. Методические указания по изучению раздела 4. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст на русский язык. Russian Cuisine Russian cuisine is rich and varied. There is a big choice of appetizers, soups, hot and dessert dishes. Soup makes an important part of a Russian meal. The traditional Russian soups are shchee (fresh cabbage meat shchee, sauerkraut shchee, shchee Petrovsskie cooked from pike-perch and fresh cabbage), borshch, rassolnik (kidney and salted cucumber soup), meat and fish solyanka, ukha, mushroom soup and soup in season —okroshka and cold beetroot soup. No two recipes are the same for borshch and shchee. Many ways of cutting and cooking meat came from France, that is why they have French terms: antrekot, eskalop, file. Roast suckling pig is a classic festive dish on the Russian table. The traditional method was to roast the pig on a baking tray in the oven. It was cooked with the head left on, basted frequently with oil or butter and served with buckwheat and sometimes with a hot sauce. Alexander Grigoryevich Stroganoff gave his name at the end of the 19th century to a dish—beef Stroganoff. Stroganoff lived in Odessa and had a very good cook who was either French or French-trained. Beef Stroganoff is a dish made of meat cut into strips and cooked in sour-cream sauce. Pelmeni is another specialty of Russian cookery, which has its history. Under the Mongol yoke pelmeni became established in Siberia and the Urals and gradually spread on all the territory of Russia. Nowadays there is a great number of recipes and varieties of them. Traditional muxture of beef, pork and elk is used to make minced meat. It is interesting that the whole ceremony of making pelmeni exists in the villages of Siberia. There is a local tradition there that the families gather at the table once or twice a month in winter and spend the whole afternoon to make a vast batch of pelmeni. The women make the dough and chop the meat, the men do the folding. The traditional form is ear-shaped, but they come in all shapes from square to triangles. Then the pelmeni are deep frozen and kept in sacks, bags or buckets in cold pantries. Russian cooking makes greater and more varied use of mushrooms than any other cuisine in the world. They are eaten raw, dressed with herbs, cooked into soups and pies, baked with cream. A popular winter delicacy is pickled or salted mushrooms, which are eaten as hors d'oeuvres. The great Russian fish are freshwater fish, headed by the celebrated sterlet from the river Volga. They include several varieties of sturgeon and over a dozen different salmon. Of the extensive salmon family fera (trout) —sig — is still known to some people as "the Tsar's fish". They are served hot and cold, smoked, in aspic or stuffed, fried, marinated and the like. And, of course, soft, pressed and red caviar is the hit of every festive table. The English word "porridge" is no good for translating kasha, which covers almost all ways of cooking all grains in water, milk, stock and cream. There is a large variety of consistencies from dry (like rice) to a thick puree. The simplest and traditional way to serve Russian kasha is with plenty of good butter. As the saying goes: "You can't spoil kasha with butter". There is a large variety of poultry and game dishes in Russian cuisine: roast chicken, roast duck and goose stuffed with apples and sauerkraut, roast partridge, hazel grouse, woodcock, black cock, pheasant and quail. They are juicy and tender dishes. A large variety of milk products are used in Russian cooking: a sort of dry, granulated cream cheese called tvorog, thick sour cream called smetana and several types of sour-milk products of the yoghourt type. Smetana can be used with almost anything: we can dress soups, meat dishes, strawberries and apples sliced up with it. It is also used on pancakes and drunk by the glassful with or without sugar. Smetana is also an almost universal flavouring sauce. Smetana is made from cream and contains 2,5 % of protein, 20 —40 % of fat, lactic acid. Kefir is a dietary beverage made from cow's milk, yeast and lactic acid bacteria. Ryazhenka is a sour milk product made from baked milk. Russian cuisine is famous for its pies which were baked in Russia in good old times and are very popular nowadays. They are rasstegai (open- topped pirozhki with meat of fish stuffing), kulebiaka (a pie with meat, cabbage or fish filling), vatrushki (yeast dough rolls with hollows filled with curds or jam), krendeli (knot-shaped bread), boubliki (thick ring- shaped rolls), baranki (ring-shaped rolls), sooshki (small ring-shaped crackers), koolich (Russian Easter cake). As for drinks, Russian cuisine offers you its orignal beverages: kvas and zbiten, and a lot of different fruit and berry beverages. Kvas is a beverage made from rye bread and water fermented by yeast. There is a lot of sorts of kvas: mushroom kvas, kvas with mint, beetroot kvas, kvas with horseradish and a lot of others. Zbiten is an old Russian beverage made from kvas, cognac or vodka, honey, tea and spices. Russian people are very hospitable and generous at the table. They invite everyone who enters their house to eat with them. Bread and salt are the symbolic offering at welcome and also a sign of respect from host to guest. The guest is welcome to share the food even if the house has no more to offer than bread and salt. Hospitality is a typical trait of character of a Russian. Словарь к тексту varied разнообразный appetizer закуска sauerkraut квашеная/кислая капуста beetroot свекла recipe рецепт suckling pig молочный поросенок oven печь, духовка baking tray противень festive праздничный to baste поливать жиром (во время жарения) cookery кулинария yoke иго elk лось minced meat мясной фарш batch партия (количество) dough тесто to chop рубить to fold заворачивать, сворачивать triangle треугольник bucket ведро, бадья pantry кладовая raw сырой to dress приправлять pickled маринованный hors d'oeuvre закуска freshwater пресноводный celebrated знаменитый fera (trout) сиг aspic желе stuffed | фаршированный caviar икра soft caviar зернистая икра pressed caviar паюсная икра stock крепкий мясной бульон consistency консистенция thick густой to spoil портить partridge куропатка hazel grouse рябчик woodcock вальдшнеп black cock тетерев pheasant | фазан quail перепел tender нежный flavouring заправка, приправа lactic acid молочная кислота dietary диетический yeast дрожжи baked топлёный filling начинка hollow углубление, ямка knot узел, переплетение Easter Пасха to ferment бродить; вызывать брожение; сквашивать horseradish хрен cognac коньяк hospitable гостеприимный generous щедрый sign знак, признак Лексические упражнения 1. Найдите в тексте русские эквиваленты следующих клише: many ways of cutting, with the head left on, was either French or French-trained, cut into strips, to make minced meat, in aspic, thick sour cream, yeast dough rolls, filled with curds, knot-shaped bread, water fermented by yeast, a sign of respect, a typical trait of character. 2. Найдите в тексте русские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений: 1. Суп — это часть обеда в русской кухне. 2. Щи — это традиционный русский суп, приготовленный из мяса и капусты. 3. Петровские щи готовятся из судака и свежей капусты. 4. В русской кухне нет двух одинаковых рецептов щей и борща. 5. Многие способы нарезки и приготовления мяса заимствованы из французской кухни. 6. Жареный молочный поросенок — традиционное праздничное блюдо русской кухни. 7. В деревнях Сибири существует целая церемония приготовления пельменей. 8. Женщины делают тесто и рубят мясо, мужчины лепят пельмени. 9. Русское слово «каша» обозначает почти все способы приготовления круп. 10. Как говорится в пословице, «кашу маслом не испортишь». 11. Сметана — это универсальная приправа в русской кухне. 12. Русская кухня знаменита различными пирожками. 13. Русские люди очень гостеприимны; они приглашают к столу каждого, кто входит в дом. 14. Гостеприимство — типичная черта русского характера. 15. Сбитень — это старинный русский напиток, который готовят из кваса, коньяка или водки, меда, чая и специй. 3. Прочитайте диалог по ролям и переведите, используя лексику раздела: Waiter: Good afternoon, sir! Glad to see you. Can I help you? Mr Campbell: Good afternoon! Nice to see you too. I would like to have a birthday party in your restaurant. Waiter: When do you want to come? And how many of you? Mr Campbell: Tomorrow at seven o'clock in the evening. A table for four, please. We would like to taste national Russian cuisine. Waiter: OK! Here is a menu card. We have a big choice of appetizers, salads, pelmeni, meat and fish dishes. Mr Campbell: Well, I would like to have red caviar, herring, pickled cucumbers and salted mushrooms. Waiter: I advise you to order traditional Russian meat dish kholodets. It is an aspic dish made with pig's trotters or ox cheek. And what main courses do you prefer? Meat or fish dishes? Mr Campbell: We want to taste Russian pelmeni. Can you tell me some words about them? Waiter: They are meat dumplings, dough is rolled thin, cut into small pieces and then filled. Pelmeni are cooked in boiling water. We have pelmeni with different kinds of filling: meat, fish, mushrooms. Mr Campbell: OK! I'll take pelmeni with meat filling. What can you recommend for dessert? Waiter: We have fruit and berry kissels. Mr Campbell: What are they? Waiter: Kissels are made from fruit or berry juice and potato flour. They are tasty. And of course, you should order Guryevskaya kasha for dessert. It's a many-layered cooked semolina with layers of jam and baked milk skin. It's delicious. Mr Campbell: Thank you. I'll order kissel and Guryevskaya kasha for dessert. And what about zbiten for drink? They say it's an old Russian beverage made from kvas, cognac or vodka, honey, tea and spices, isn't it? Waiter: Oh yes! We have it. Mr Campbell: Well! How much is my bill? Waiter: Just a minute, please. I won't be long... Here is your bill. Mr Campbell: Thanks a lot. It's not very expensive. We'll be at seven tomorrow. Waiter: You are always welcome. See you tomorrow. Mr Campbell: Goodbye! Have a nice day! Грамматические упражнения
Образец: do – did, done tell, show, ask, answer, send, give, help, forget, invite, call, serve.
1. I was asked to bake a cherry pie. 2. The guests were offered lamb chops, beef stew and fried chicken as a main course. 3. The waiter was told to serve all the guests. 4.Samovar was used to boil water for tea. 5. Kefir is made of fermented cow's milk. 6. Customers were informed of the new prices. 7. Okroshka will be served in hot weather. 8. The dishes were washed by my mother. 9. Cheese is cut with a special knife. 10. This soup is prepared of kidneys and salted cucumbers.
1. Это блюдо готовят из мяса и овощей. 2. Мою маму попросили испечь яблочный пирог. 3. Лимон режется тонкими ломтиками (in thin slices). 4. К этому блюду подают жареный картофель. 5. Стол был накрыт до прихода гостей. 6. Обед был заказан вчера. 7. Чай был подан в красивых чашках. 8. Обед будет приготовлен лучшими поварами. 9. Начинка из яблок будет использоваться для этого пирога. 10. Мы были приглашены на вечеринку нашими друзьями.
Образец: I can drink tea. I can drink coffee. — I can drink either tea or coffee. He doesn't take money. He doesn't take a bag. — He takes neither money nor a bag. 1. She can put on a dress. She can put on a suit. 2. He hasn't got any pens. He hasn't got any pencils. 3. Ann has no sons. Ann has no daughters. 4. I would like some chocolate ice cream. I would like some vanilla ice cream. 5. We can order fish salad. We can order vegetable salad. 6. You don't want any mushroom soup. You don't want any noodle soup. 7. They went to the cafe. They went to the bar. 8. He is not a cook. He is not a waiter.
Образец: A ticket for a concert is … – A ticket for a concert is a concert ticket.
Образец: finish— финиш, окончание; tofinish— заканчивать lift — лифт taste — вкус light — свет test — проба, испытание stop — остановка cost — стоимость water — вода crash — авария hand — рука cook — повар Вопросы для самопроверки к разделу 4.
Раздел 5. Кухни народов мира. Содержание учебного материала Лексика: Слова, клише и выражения по темам: Тема 5.1 Средиземноморская кухня. Тема 5.2 Восточная кухня. Грамматика: Числительные. Словообразование. Фонетика: Интонационные модели вопросительных предложений. Методические указания по изучению раздела 5. Прочитайте и устно переведите текст на русский язык. Mediterranean cuisine Mediterranean cuisine is the food from the cultures adjacent to the Mediterranean Sea. Mediterranean cuisine comes from the 21 countries that surround the Mediterranean Sea such as Italy, France, Spain, Greece, Egypt, Turkey, Levant (Cyprus, Jordan, Lebanon, Israel, the Palestinian Authority, and Syria), and various other countries on the Mediterranean. The food consists primarily of fresh fruits and vegetables with an emphasis on poultry and seafood, rice, grains, beans and pastas. Grilling or boiling is the prevalent method of cooking. Olive oil is the most prevalent fat used in the preparation of salads, marinades, vegetables, poultry and seafood. Eggplant, artichokes, squash, tomatoes, legumes, onions, mushrooms, okra, cucumbers, and a variety of greens are served fresh, baked, roasted, sautéed, grilled and puréed. Yogurt and cheese are also major components of Mediterranean cooking. Close proximity to the Mediterranean Sea provides access to fresh seafood. Fresh herbs are used in abundance. Classic Mediterranean dishes include Spanish paella and Italian risotto with seafood. Словарь к тексту Mediterranean Средиземноморский adjacent соседствующие primarily в основном emphasis акцент sautéed быстро обжаренный в небольшом количестве масла puréed измельчённый в пюре abundance изобилие close proximity соседство What Is Oriental Cuisine? By Monty Dayton Oriental cuisine means different things depending on location. Oriental cuisine can actually refer to very different styles of Asian cooking depending on the nation or area. The oriental section of Asia covers a huge chunk of eastern Asia known as the Far East, and thus encompasses a wide range of culinary traditions. What might be called oriental cooking in one nation might be considered something else in another nation. The geography of the area that makes up "the Orient" stretches from east Siberia south all the way to Indonesia and includes Mongolia, Japan, Korea, Vietnam, Thailand and most of China. Oriental cuisine almost always refers to some type of Asian cooking from the Far East region, eliminating most dishes from Siberia and Indonesia. Location matters while oriental cuisine is a broad term that can cover many styles of cooking, what exactly falls under "Oriental" can also depend on the location. In many parts of Asia, there are still advertisements for "Asian food," but in China this might mean Korean or Japanese food, while in Vietnam it might mean Chinese or Japanese food, and in Japan it could mean Thai or Mongolian. From that standpoint, what exactly counts as "Oriental" in Asia varies by country. Словарь к тексту chunk часть thus таким образом encompass охватывать eliminating исключая Лексические упражнения 1. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты к следующим словосочетаниям и выражениям: средиземноморская кухня; восточная кухня; преимущественно из свежих фруктов; разнообразная зелень; важные компоненты средиземноморской кухни; обеспечивает доступ к свежим морепродуктам; в зависимости от местонахождения; большое разнообразие кулинарных традиций; с этой точки зрения. 2. Ответьте на вопросы к текстам: 1. What countries can be called Mediterranean? 2. What countries can be called Orient? 3. What special is in Mediterranean cuisine? 4. What special is in Orient cuisine? Грамматические упражнения Способы выражения времени 9.05 It is 5 (minutes) past nine 9.15 It is 15 (minutes) past nine = It is a quarter past nine 9.30 It is half past nine 9.35 It is 25 (minutes) to ten 9.40 It is 20 (minutes) to ten 9.45 It is 15 (minutes) to ten = It is a quater to ten 1. Соотнесите словесное выражение времени с его цифровым аналогом:
Клише и выражения по теме. a clock часы (настольные, настенные) a watch часы (наручные, карманные) an hour час My watch is wrong. Мои часы идут неправильно. Your watch is right. Твои часы идут правильно. This clock is slow. Эти часы отстают. It is 10 minutes slow. Они отстают на 10 минут. That watch is fast. Те часы спешат. It is 5 minutes fast. Они спешат на 5 минут. It is ten o'clock sharp. Сейчас ровно 10 часов. What is the time? Который час? Tell me the time, please. Скажите, пожалуйста, который час? 2. Переведите на английский язык:
3. Образуйте от следующих глаголов существительные при помощи суффикса –еrи переведите их на русский язык: Образец: to read — reader — читательto burn — burner — горелка to play, to build, to listen, to cut, to sing, to dust, to heat, to boil, to dry, to adjust, to tune (настраивать.
Образец: happy — happiness — счастье clean, kind, fresh, white, dark, soft, yellow, rich
Образец: topack — паковать unpack — распаковать to close, to tie, to bend, to fix, to load, to cork, to fasten
Образец: cheap— дешевый, tocheapen— дешеветь black, quiet, ripe, white, deep, fresh, dark, wide, hard, soft, thick, fat, short.
Образец: to heat — греть, heating — обогрев to feed, to clean, to can, to freeze, to cover, to check, to open, to meet, to begin, to eat, to cook
Образец: pain— боль, painless— безболезненный home, child, hat, colour, use, taste, саге, heart, tooth, end, sun, expression.
Образец: quick — быстрый; quickly — быстро load, useful, simple, normal, usual, complete, large, near, great, high, hard. Вопросы для самопроверки к разделу 5. 1. Что общего между числительными от 13 до 19? 2. С помощью какого суффикса образуются десятки? 3. Назовите порядковые числительные от 1 до 3. 4. Как образуются порядковые числительные от 4 до 20? 5. Назовите следующие порядковые числительные: 21, 33, 92, 87,65, 111. 6. Приведите примеры суффиксов прилагательных и объясните их значение.
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