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методичка ГФ целая. Методичні вказівки для студентів II курсу факультету іноземної філології Затверджено вченою радою зну
Questions and tasks:
Give a short survey of historical background of Gothic evolution (the history of Ostrogoths & Visigoths). Can there be any historical explanation of the Gothic language death?
Dwell on the specificity of Holzmann’s law in East Germanic languages.
Enumerate the phonetic and morphological phenomena lacking in Gothic and other Germanic languages of East subgroup. Give you account on the possible reasons of East Germanic specific features evolution differentiating them from West and North Germanic subgroups.
Find in the Gothic glossary (see Zhluktenko, Yavorska 1986) words cognate with other Germanic languages (not less than 10 items); with Slavonic languages (10).
Topic 9
North and West Germanic languages
1. Historical background
2. East Scandinavian subgroup
3. West Scandinavian subgroup
4. Peculiarities of the West Germanic subgroup
5. Frisian
6. Dutch
7. Afrikaans
8. English
Key-words: Scandinavia, Viking, Old Norse, Jutland, Zealand, Bokmal (Dano-Norwegian), Nynorsk, ballad, saga, Edda, Helleviones, Hermiones, Istaevones, Ingaevones, Anles, Frisians, Jutes, Franks, High Herman, Allemanians, Swabians, Bavarians, Thuringians, analyticity, pidgin.
Questions and tasks:
What does the word “Scandinavia” mean?
How the evolution of North Germanic languages is different from other languages of the same group?
Speak on specific features of North Germanic languages shared with other Germanic. Is there more common features with West of East Germanic languages? Why?
Which of Germanic languages is considered to be the most archaic? Prove it by dwelling on the characteristics of the language.
Which of Germanic languages is considered to be the “most” analytical one? Give the proof of the developed analyticity of the language.
Compare the histories of all North and West Germanic languages. What is common for the course of their evolution and what differs them from one another?
Enumerate the types of Faroese ballads.
How the languages of North and West Germanic groups correlate with Germanic tribes according to Pliny the Elder?
Make up the list of English words cognate with German (10 words).
What are the changes that separated German and Danish from other Germanic languages?
Which Germanic language is the youngest?
Which of Germanic languages evolved out of pidgin?
Enumerate the tribes whose dialects put the basis for the formation of the English language?
Read the following citations of acknowledged linguists and make your comments:
“… for three centuries English had no official status … it drifted ... but English survived yet and there is one uncanny thing – it’s incredible persistence. English survived despite the constant buffeting of history. It’s a cherishable irony that a language that succeeded almost by stealth, treated for centuries as the inadequate and second-rate tongue of peasants, should one day become the most important and successful language in the world.” (Bryson B. Mother Tongue. English and how it got that way. NY. 1990. P.56).
“About 85% of the 30000 Anglo-Saxon words dies out under the influence of the Danes and Normans” … only about 4500 Old English words, that is about 1% of the total number of words listed in the Oxford English Dictionary survived (Bryson B. Mother Tongue. English and how it got that way. NY. 1990. P.56).
“Despite the bounty of terms (in English), there is a maddening tendency to load a single word with a whole galaxy of meanings”. (Bryson B. Mother Tongue. English and how it got that way. NY. 1990. P.68). Which characteristics of English (structural, typological, etc.) is described here?
“For good or ill, at the end of the second millennium AD and the fifth full millennium since recorded history began, English is unique. No other language has ever before been put to so many uses so massively by so many people in so many places – on every continent and in every sea; in the air and in space, in thought, speech and writing; in print, on paper and screen; in sound, on tape and film, by radio, television and telephone, via electronic networks and multimedia. And it is used as a mother or other tongue by over a billion of people. Russian, Spanish are international languages, while the title ‘world language’ is given only to English”. (McArthur T. The English Languages. CUP. 1998. P.30-31).
РЕКОМЕНДАЦІЇ ДО ВИКОНАННЯ
ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНОЇ РОБОТИ
ТА ІНДИВІДУАЛЬНІ ЗАВДАННЯ
The scheme of Gothic text analysis (for Gothic texts see Zhluktenko, Yavorska 1986). Read and analyze 2-3 sentences according to the scheme.
Форма лексе-ми в тексті
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Початкова форма
(для частин мови, що змінюються)
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Відповід-ники в інших гeрмaн-ських мовах
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Відповід-ники в інших індоєвропей-ських мовах
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Примітки (вказівки щодо грам. форм)
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| 2. Topics of reports (3-4 printed pages, for 5-7 minutes).
1. W.Jones’s contribution to the rise of historical linguistics
2. Schlegel’s contribution to the rise of historical linguistic
3. Rasmus Rask’s contribution to the rise of historical linguistics
4. Herman Paul’s Principles of language History
5. Neogrammarian lawmakers: Eduard Sievers
6. Neogrammarian lawmakers: Karl Verner
7. Neogrammarian lawmakers: Karl Brugmann and Herman Osthoff
8. Principles of diachronic reconstruction (Ferdinand de Saussure)
9. Principles of dichotomies (de Saussure)
10. Ways of reconstructing Early Germanic and Late Germanic
11. Types of reconstruction
12. Principles of genealogical classification of Germanic languages
13. Principles of typological and areal classification of Germanic languages
14. Modern approaches to the historical classification of Germanic languages
15. Principles of historical phonology (Jakobson, Stepanovicius)
16. Interpretation of consonant shifts
17. The Rhenish fan (linguistic geography on the second consonant shift)
18. The rise of article in Scandinavian languages
19. The development of one-article system in Old Germanic languages
20. On the origin of older runes
21. On the origin of younger runes
22. Runes as old Germanic alphabet
23. The history of the Ostrogoths
24. The history of the Visigoths
25. East Germanic migrations
26. Wulfila, the inventor of the Gothic alphabet
27. Wulfilian Gothic
28. Icelandic – a language or a dialect
29. The history of Danish: chronological survey
30. The History of Swedish
31. The rise of Swedish
32. Faroese ballads
33. The history of Frisian
34. The history of Dutch
35. The history of Afrikaans
36. The history of Norwegian
37. Histories of Scandinavian languages: Danish, Swedish, Norwegian, Icelandic, Faroese
38. Old Germanic alliterative verse
39. Written records in Old Germanic dialects
40. Peculiarities of the East Germanic subgroup
41. Peculiarities of the West Germanic subgroup
42. Peculiarities of the North Germanic subgroup
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