Аракин. Учебник английского языка для студентов языковых специальностей. Аракин. Учебник английского языка для студентов языковых специал. Практический курс английского языка 4 курс Под редакцией В. Д. Аракина
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Commentary 1. Ragtime: the form of music, song and dance of black US origin, popular in the 1920's in which the strong note of the tune comes just before the main beat of the music played with it (syncopation) 2. a new model T-Ford: the model T-Ford, of which 15 million were sold, was the automobile that changed the pattern of life in the United States. It first appeared in 1908 and was one of the first cars to be made by assembly line methods and was the first gasoline-operated car sold at a price that many Americans could afford. The name of its builder, Henry Ford, became a household word around the world. 3. Theodore Roosevelt: (1858-1919), twenty-sixth president of the United States of America (1901-1909). 4. Manhattan: one of the five boroughs that make up New York City. Reputation as the cultural centre of the nation. 5. Wall Street: a street in New York dity, extending from Broadway to the East River, financial center of the United States. 6. Scott Joplin: (1868-1917), American composer of ragtime music, who was known as the "King of Ragtime". The son of a railroad laborer who had been a slave, Joplin showed musical ability by the time he was seven. He taught himself to play the piano and eventually became an itinerant musician, playing in cafes and honky-tonks and learning the music of the blacks in the Mississippf Valley. 7. Carrie Jacobs Bond: (1862-1946), songwriter, author of about 170 published songs, including "I Love You Truly" and "The End of a Perfect Day". 8. coon songs: White American Negro (Black) folksongs. 9. minstrel show: stage entertainment featuring comic dialogue, song and dance, in highly conventionalized patterns. Performed by a troupe of actors in blackface comprising of an interlocutor, two end men, and a chorus; developed in the United States in the early and mid-19th century. SPEECH PATTERNS 1. ... there was something disturbingly resolute and self-important in the way he asked her... There was something strange in (about) the way he greeted me that morning. There was something disturbing (in) about the way the girl entered the room. There is something special in the way she dresses on Sundays. 2. He was a stocky man with large dark eyes so intense as to suggest they were about to cross. I think the speaker is about to conclude his speech. I have a strange feeling that something terrible is about to happen. The satellite launch is about to commence. 3. This was the most she had said in all the months she had lived in the house. This was the most he had eaten in a long time. This was the most I had heard from my family all year. While your pupil is recovering he can only read the book. This will be the most you can expect of him. 4. ... tuned or not the Aeolian had never made such sounds. Clumsy or not she was a good basketball player. Busy or not Mr Jones always finds time for his students. Phrases and Word Combinations to go past to suffer (no) embarrassment (to look) right and left on the contrary to judge one's age (to do smth) to one's satisfaction to presume to do smth to bring to a conclusion to regret smth to clear one's throat to question the propriety to be knowledgeable in/about of smth smth ESSENTIAL VOCABULARY 1.set vt/i 1) to make to be in a specified condition, as to open the cage and set the bird free; to set the papers (a village, a house) on fire; to fix or determine (a rule, time, standard), as to set a wedding day, to set a new land, speed, record; 2) to give (a piece of work) for (someone) to do, e, g. Who sets the questions for the examination? The teacher sets the class various exercises. 3) to fix firmly (a part of the body, esp. regarded as showing one's intentions, feelings, etc.), E. g. He set his jaw and refused to agree to anything I said. She's set against her daughter's marriage. 4) to put into action, e. g. He set the machine going with a push; to set the ball rolling; 5) to cause (a liquid, paste, soft material, etc.) to become solid, e. g. Set the jelly by putting it in a cold place. 6) to write or provide (music) for a poem or other words to be sung, e. g. The poem was set to an old working song tune. to set eyes on to see, e. g. I hope I never set eyes on that fellow again. to set someone's teeth on edge to frighten smb to set one's heart (mind, hopes) on to be filled with strong desire for, e. g. The boy has set his heart on becoming an engineer. set a 1) determined, e. g. He is very set on going and I can't make him see that it's a bad idea. 2) given or fixed for study, e. g. The examination will have questions on the set books (texts). 3) (of part of the body, manner, state of mind, etc.) fixed in position, unmoving, e. g. She greeted her guests with a set smile. 4) ready, prepared, e. g. Are you all set? Then let's go. set n I) (informal) a group of people of a special type: the jet set. 2) (not pi) natural position of part of the body, e. g. From the set of her shoulders it was clear that she was tired. 3) setting of the hair, e. g. "Shampoo and set, please," she said abruptly. 2. abandon vt 1) to leave completely and for ever, desert, e. g. The sailors abandoned the sinking ship. 2) to leave (a relation or friend) in a thoughtless or cruel way, e. g. He abandoned his wife and went abroad. 3) to give up, esp. without finishing, e, g. The search was abandoned when the night came though the child had not been found. N.B. to abandon may be used with far more negative reasons than to give up. 3. resent vt to show or feel indignation at, as to resent smb's behaviour (smb's words, an insult, smb's manner, etc.), e. g. Anyone would resent such treatment. The child resented being made fun of. Note the pattern smb resents smth. Compare with the Russian patterns: кого-л. возмущает что-л.; возмущает кого-л. resentful a feeling or showing resentment, as to be resentful of smb (smth), e. g. The boy was resentful of the remark. resentment n a feeling of indignation or annoyance; a deep sense of injury, as to (have) bear no resentment against smb (smth), e. g. His conduct aroused everybody's resentment. 4. suggest vt 1) to cause to come to the mind, e.g. The open window suggested that somebody else had got into the house. 2) to bring itself to the mind, e. g. An idea suggested itself, Harry has bad manners. Lack of proper home training suggests itself. 3) to give signs (of), e. g. Her expression suggested, anger/(that), she was angry. suggestion n a slight sign, e. g. Her face held a suggestion of anger. 5. hand n 1) a performer; a practiser of a skill an old hand, good hand at smth Ant. not much of a hand at smth, e. g. I am not much of a hand at making pastry. 2) encouragement given by clapping the hands, as to give a (good, big) hand to, get a (big, good) hand; 3) help (lend a helping hand to); 4) control (get/become out of hand), eg. The meeting is getting out of hand — will everybody stop talking at once! at hand (formal) near in time or place, e. g. She always keeps her dictionary at hand. by hand by a person, not a machine or organisation, e. g. These rugs are made by hand. to eat out of someone's hand to be ready to do everything someone wants, e. g. I'll soon have him eating out of my hand. to give smb a free hand to allow smb to do things in his/her own way hand in glove (with) closely connected (with someone), esp. in smth bad, e. g. They were found to be hand Iji glove .with enemy agents. hat in hand to beg, look for smth, e. g. He.went to his employer, hat in hand, for a pay-rise. on the one/other hand (used for comparing different things or ideas), e.g. I know this job of mine isn't much, but on the other hand I don't feel tied down. to try one's hand (at) to attempt (an activity), e. g. I tried my hand at swimming though it was the first time I'd been in the water. to wash one's hands of to refuse to be concerned with or responsible for, e. g. He washed his hands of the entire affair. 6. clear vt/i 1) to cause to become clear, e. g. After the storm the sky cleared. He cleared his throat. 2) to (cause to) go away, e. g. Soldiers! Clear the people away from the palace gates. 3) to remove, take away, get rid of, e. g. Whose job is it to clear snow from the road? 4) to free from blame (a person wrongly thought to have done smth wrong), e. g. The judge cleared the prisoner of any crime and set him free. clear a 4) bright, free from anything that darkens, as clear sky, clear eyes. 2) certain, confident, e. g. She seems quite clear about her plans. 3) free from guilt or blame, untroubled, as a clear conscience, clear of guilt. 4) open, free from blocks, danger or obstructions, as a clear road, clear view, e. g. The road's clear of snow now. the coast is clear (informal) all danger has gone, e. g. When the coast was clear the two thieves escaped. 7. conduct n (formal) behaviour, e. g. I'm glad to see your conduct at school has improved. conduct vt I) (formal) to behave (oneself), e. g. I like the way your children conduct themselves. Their behaviour is very good. 2) to direct the course of (a business, activity, etc.). 3) to lead or guide (a person, tour, etc.). 4) to stand before and direct the playing of musicians or a musical work. 5) to act as the path for (electricity, heat, etc.), e. g. Plastic and rubber won't conduct electricity. 6) to collect payments from the passengers (on a public vehicle), e. g. She's conducted on London buses for 20 years. conductor n 1) a person who directs the playing of a group of musicians. 2) a substance that readily acts as a path for electricity, heat, etc., e. g. Wood is a poor conductor of heat. 3) (AE) a railroad employee in charge of a train and train crew. 8. compose vt/i 1) to write (music, poetry, essays, etc.), e. g. It is very time-consuming to compose a good essay. 2) to make up (smth), form (smth), e. g. The chemistry teacher asked the pupils what water was composed of. Syn. comprise, consist of, include, be made up of 3) to make (esp. oneself) calm, quiet, etc., e. g. The students couldn't stop laughing so the teacher asked them to compose themselves. 4) to make or form (smth) by putting parts together, e. g. The artist composed an interesting picture by putting the variously-coloured shapes together. composer n a person who writes music. composition n 1) act of putting together parts to form smth, act of composing, as a piece of music of his own composition. 2) an example of this, as a piece of music or art or a poem, e. g. I like his earlier poems but not his later compositions. 9. abrupt a 1) sudden and unexpected, e. g. The train came to an abrupt stop, making many passengers fall off their seats. 2) (of behaviour, speech, character, etc.) rough and impolite, not wanting to waste time being nice, e. g. Everybody resented his abrupt answer. abruptly adv in an abrupt manner, e. g. "No," said Roger abruptly, "I'm staying here." abruptness n e. g. His abruptness was really impolite. 10. ignore vt not to take notice of, e. g. Ignore the child if he misbehaves and he will soon stop. to ignore smth to pretend not to know or see it, e. g. She saw him coming but she ignored him. Ant. to consider, to regard Note: The Russian for to ignore is игнорировать, не замечать. Ignore does not correspond to the Russian пренебрегать, не заботиться о чем-л., упускать из виду which is expressed by the verb to neglect, as to neglect one's duties, one's children. ignorant a 1) lacking knowledge, not aware, as ignorant of even simplest facts, e. g. He is quite ignorant of these facts. She was ignorant of his presence. (She didn't know he was there.) 2) rude, impolite esp. because of lack of social training, e. g. He is an ignorant person — he always goes through a door in front of a girl (lady). She is an ignorant girl: she knows nothing about her country's history. READING COMPREHENSION EXERCISES 1. a) Consult a dictionary and practise the pronunciaton of the following words: rigidly, nuisance, bouquet, chrysanthemums, transient, exhilarate, intransigence, awe, ensemble, casino, chord, delineate, syncopate, octave, vigorous, intricate, coon, minstrel. b) Get together with another student. Listen to his/her reading. What recommendations would you give to correct any mispronunciations? 2. a) Read out aloud the following sentences from the text; divide them into intonation groups using proper intonation patterns; observe stresses, strong and weak forms. Make them sound rhythmically correct: I. I am looking for a young woman of color whose name is Sarah, he said. 2. She is said to reside in one of these houses. 3. He was a stocky man with a red-complected shining brown face, high cheekbones and large dark eyes so intense as to suggest they were about to cross. 4. Mother, not thinking clearly, was suddenly outraged that he had presumed to come in the door. 5. The colored man took another glance at the child, rose, thanked her and departed. 6. One Sunday the colored man left a bouquet of yellow chrysanthemums which in this season had to have cost him a pretty penny. 7. Mother said he was well-spoken and conducts-himself as a gentleman. 8. It was important, he said, for a musician to find a place that was permanent, a job that required no travelling. 9. He had heard it in his nightlife period in New York. 10. Well, he said, it appears as if Miss Sarah will not be able to receive me. b) Get together with your partner. Listen to his/her reading, analyse possible variants in the intonation group division. 3. Complete the following sentences: 1. There is something nice in the way... 2. There is something exciting to (about).,. 3. There was something unusual... 4. This is the jnpst the girl... 5. This was the most the main... 6. This will be the most the children... 7. Delicious or not the dinner... 8. Pleasant or not... 9. She was about to... 10. We are about to... 4. Paraphrase the following sentences using the speech patterns (p. 108): 1. He has a pleasant way of looking at her. 2. She has a poetical way of speaking. 3. This was the biggest meal David Copperfield had eaten for a week. 4. She had never before said anything so unpleasant to him. 5. No matter how tired she was she was always ready to give a helping hand. 6. We shall buy the piano whether it is expensive or not. 7. She was just leaving the house when the telephone rang. 8. She was on the point of tears when he suddenly appeared in the doorway. 5. Make up and act out dialogues using the speech patterns. 6. Translate the following sentences into English using the speech patterns: 1. Есть что-то странное в том, как она одевается. 2. Было что-то удивительное в том, как он это сказал. 3. Было что-то привлекательное в том, как ребенок протянул цветы. 4. Она позвонит ему обязательно. Но это самое большее, что она может сделать. 5. Она съела ломтик хлеба и снова уснула. Это было самое большее, что она съела за два дня. 6. Интересные рассказы или нет, их нужно прочитать; 7. Болезненная операция или нет, она обязательна. 8. Она собралась что-то сказать, но затем передумала. 9. Она собралась уже взять отпуск, когда заболел ее отец. 10. Она уже сидела у пианино, чтобы начать играть, когда зазвонил телефон. 7. Note down the sentences containing the phrases and word combinations (p. 109) and translate them into Russian. 8. Paraphrase the following sentences: 1. We are losing money right and left. 2. Days went past without any news. 3. Judge its size, please. 4. He presumed to tell his manager how the work ought to be done. 5. 1 don't mind living in the city but I regret being without my horse. 6. 1 would never question his honesty. 7. She suffered the loss of her pupils' respect. 8. "I believe you like your job." "On the contrary, I hate it" 9. It's been proved to my satisfaction that you are telling the truth. 10. "He is very knowledgeable about flowers," he said clearing his throat. 9. Make up and set out dialogues using the phrases and word combinations (pair work). 10. Translate the following senteneces into English: 1. Мимо пробежали дети. 2. Она посмела зайти за прилавок магазина, так как очень торопилась. 3. Мне трудно судить о его знаниях в физике. 4. Я всегда сожалею о потерянном времени. 5, Я никогда не сомневалась в его честности. 6. К моему великому удивлению, он не страдает от угрызений совести. 7. Сегодня холодно, не правда ли? — Наоборот, сегодня тепло. 8. К моему большому удовлетворению, она подала заявление в институт. 9. Он блестяще подвел к концу свое исследование. |