СМИ. Практикум по языку сми учебнометодическое пособие авт сост. Вишнякова Е. А., Дроздова Т. В., Конистерова Е. А., Улитина К. А. Тула
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Policeman injured by hit-and-run driver TWO MEN have been arrested after a policeman was knocked down in a hit-and-run incident that left him with leg, chest and pelvic injuries. The sergeant was attempting to flag down Vauxhall Nova in Dartford, Kent, just after midnight yesterday when it drove straight at him, police said. The car was later found abandoned in Bexley, south-east London. One of those arrested was being held on suspicion of attempted murder. Both suspects are in their late teens and from the Bexley area. The policeman is in a stable condition. Scotland Yard seeks killer on motorcycle POLICE ARE hunting a man on a motorcycle who shot dead a man in a car on Saturday afternoon. Stephen Cairns, 32, was a passenger in a Mercedes when the gunman opened fire. His twenty-year-old friend, who was driving, was injured. They were attacked while driving a way from the Earl Derby pub in Kensal Town, west London. The men, both from west London, were shot at from a motorcycle, carrying two people, which then sped off. Mr Cairns died shortly after being admitted to hospital. His friend was in a stable condition. WORLD NEWS WORLD IN BRIEF Cyber Café fire kills at least 24 students CHINA: At least 24 students were killed and 13 injured when a fire swept through an internet café in a university district of Beijing yesterday. The district drew a swift response from government leaders. The mayor, Lie Qi, ordered the immediate closure of all internet cafes in the city and the fire inspections for all buildings in the next three months. Web surfers in the Lanjisu café in north-west Beijing were trapped behind a locked door and windows blocked by iron bars. Many cyber cafes operate without a licence because of government controls over information. EUROPEAN NEWS EUROPE IN BRIEF Argentinean parrots invade Madrid By ELIZABETH NASH PARROTS ARE invading the parks of Madrid. The warbling of the caged canaries that traditionally inhabit the city’s sunny balconies may soon be drowned by screeching. Naturalists fear the swiftly multiplying green-and-grey parrot (Maiopsitta monachus) with its powerful bill and long tail feathers may see off smaller birds in the wild. Wood pigeons on the fringes of the city are retreating before the exotic Latin American interloper. The parrots are originally from Arhentina, where they have reproduced so uncontrollably that they are considered smth of a plague. They have been brought to Spain in recent years to be sold as pets, but owners grew sick of the incessant chater and squawking and freed the birds. The parrots found the habitat around Madrid ideal, and are increasing exponentially. Colonies have formed in Canillejas near the airport and in the Casa de Campo parkland to the west of the city, where the birds have built a network of nests by breaking branches cedars, their favourite trees. “Birds who were casually freed by individuals a few years ago have now created a big public problem that’s difficult to control”, said Alfredo Bengoa, of the veterinary department at Complutense University, Madrid. “They’ll soon be the monarchs of all the green spaces of Madrid”. ADVERTISEMENTS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS There are two basic types of advertisements and announcements in the modern English newspaper: classified and non-classified (separate). In classified ones various kinds of information are ranged according to subject-matters into sections, each bringing an appropriate name (e.g. BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, IN MEMORIAM, etc.). This classified arrangement has resulted in a number of stereotyped patterns employed in newspaper advertising, of which read in the chart below:
As for the separate (non-classified) advertisements and announcements, the variety of language form and subject-matter is so great that hardly any essential features common to all may be pointed out. The reader’s attention is attracted by every possible means: typographical, graphical and stylistic, both lexical and syntactical. There is no call for brevity, as the advertiser can buy as much space as his bank account allows. Read through the examples of classified ads and try to uncode what is meant there. Account for the peculiarities of this part of the newspaper and for the reasons of them.
ARTICLES Articles including features/feature articles, reports, and editorials are usually devoted to a latest event or vexed problem of social life, each of them having specific aims and, therefore, typical traits. A feature is an article focused on a certain issue where the author (usually regular) gives his/her analysis, comments and opinions on the issue of his/her concern. A report usually presents an account of events, which is supposed to be objective, but occasional comments are not necessarily prohibited. An editorial is a newspaper article in which the editor or a special writer (a leader writer) gives the newspaper’s opinion about current issues. There is no pretence at factual reporting as there will be in most of the news stories in the paper. Thus, the degree of objectiveness will be lower than that, for instance, in brief news items. Editorials, like some other types of newspaper articles, are an intermediate phenomenon bearing the stamp of both the newspaper style and the publicistic style. Articles appeal not only to the readers’ mind but to their feelings as well.
FOLLOW-UP ACTIVITY You and your group are going to produce a collection of short stories inspired by short newspaper articles. Follow these instructions. 1) Choose an article from a newspaper to use as a inspiration for your story. You should use the newspaper article merely as a starting point and may add or change details as much as you wish. 2) In groups of three or four, take turns to describe the article you have chosen. Cover the points: - How might the situation have developed? - Where exactly did the situation take place? - What were the people involved like? - How did they feel? What motivation might they have? - What might happen next? 3) Think what should be done in order to turn bare facts into thrilling stories. What techniques can be employed (e.g. dialogues, expressive means, etc.)? Exchange your ideas. 4) Now, individually, write your story thinking carefully about how to bring it alive and make it interesting for the reader. 5) Analyse your stories and point out the features distinguishing a story from an article. Discuss them in class. RENDERING THE ARTICLE Read and remember structural and linguistic features of a newspaperarticle. A Newspaper article usually consists of the following structural elements: articletitle:the purpose is to grab the reader’s attention and brief the contents of the article; dateline: it shows when and where the story was written; byline:a line at the beginning of an article in a newspaper that gives the writer’s name; articlelead(openingparagraph):the lead of an article answers the “5 W’s” and “1 H” questions: Who? What? When? Where? Why?How?; body paragraphs: body paragraphs explain the lead in greater detail and provide information from primary resources such as quotes, statistics, and document citation. The text of any article displays a multitude of linguistic features that are used by the writer for a number of reasons. You have to remember that, probably, you will hardly find all the features in any one article but you have to be able to find all those that are there. Points should be mentioned while rendering the text of an article. 1. The title of an article. 2. The author of an article. Where and when the article was published. 3. The main idea of the article. 4. The contents of the article, some facts, names, figures. 5. Your opinion of the article. Some hints for rendering: What is the purpose of the headline? What are some of the ways writers try to achieve this purpose? What do we learn from the subheading? What does the writer try to do in the 1-st paragraph? When does the writer begin new paragraph? How does the writer round off the article? What specific facts and/ or figures are given in the article? What is your opinion of the article? ( Who was it written for? (for the general audience, for people of some profession, etc.) What is the purpose of the article? (to entertain, to inform, to persuade, etc.) Was the author one-sided or he showed all pross and cons of the problem,…)
ADDITIONAL PHRASES FOR RENDERING The article is devoted to… deals with… touches upon discusses… expresses the view that.. focuses the readers attention on… highlights… points out… stresses that… strongly criticizes.. strongly condemns… reveals… comes out against… comes out in support of… reports at length that… takes a critical view of… blames smb for smth is in favour of… dwells on / upon comments on runs / reads / says that... The reporter focuses his attention on ... highlights points out stresses / emphasizes reveals / discloses reviews summarizes LINK WORDS Sequencing ideas The former, ... the latter Firstly, secondly, finally The first point is Lastly The following Adding information And In addition As well as Also Too Furthermore Moreover Apart from In addition to Besides Giving a reason Due to / due to the fact that Owing to / owing to the fact that Because Because of Since As Giving examples For example For instance Namely Giving a result Therefore So Consequently This means that As a result Contrasting ideas But However Although / even though Despite / despite the fact that In spite of / in spite of the fact that Nevertheless Nonetheless While Whereas Unlike In theory... in practice... CANADA’S VITAL ROLE IN THE COMMUNICATIONS REVOLUTIONS By Diana Lambdin Meyer 2 September 2017http://www.bbc.com/travel/story/20170831-canadas-vital-role-in-the-communications-revolution Guglielmo Marconi was instantly a name known around the world, comparable today perhaps to Mark Zuckerberg or Steve Jobs. The cool, crisp breeze dancing in from the Atlantic Ocean lifted my hair back from my face, and the bright sunshine highlighted a massive iceberg floating a few miles out, a powerful and sparkling contrast against a gentle blue sky. I carefully framed the iceberg over my left shoulder and snapped the perfect selfie. A few taps of my phone later, the image was soaring through cyberspace from my location in St John’s, Newfoundland, to my various social media channels and followers around the world. I smiled, wondering if, when Guglielmo Marconi stood on this spot in December 1901 to receive the world’s first wireless transatlantic transmission, he had any idea of where his success would lead. Would Marconi have taken a selfie on this spot? I was on Signal Hill, a massive piece of bedrock about 140m above the Atlantic Ocean on Canada’s eastern shore. It’s a dramatic spot where the ocean merges into St John’s Harbour, creating a waterway appropriately called The Narrows. Fishing boats and trawlers pass through each morning just as the sun begins to illuminate the route, and again in the early evening hours to bring seafood to the local restaurants and canneries. They, too, make vivid images to share on social media. A paved trail from downtown St John’s follows the harbour shoreline to the bottom of the hill before winding around and up via a series of switchbacks and steps that make the hike an energetic workout. When I explored on a Saturday afternoon, the hillside was dotted with picnickers, dog walkers and people enjoying the beauty of the day. Two wedding parties with photographers in tow were taking advantage of this exceptional setting as a backdrop for their special day. But its popularity was not what brought Marconi to Signal Hill. Indeed, the number of visitors was a concern as he considered the needs for his experiment. The child of a wealthy family in Bologna, Italy, Marconi was well-educated, and from an early age was fascinated with science, specifically the transmission of electromagnetic waves through the air. He was the first to discover that by grounding a transmitter and receiver, and raising the height of an antenna, he could extend a signal’s range. That was big news in 1894. But few in Italy were impressed, so Marconi moved to Great Britain where he patented the invention and found investors to continue his work. The big question of the day was whether a long-distance radio wave could follow the curvature of the Earth or whether it just shot out into space. Marconi scoured several locations on North America’s eastern seaboard for this experimental, transatlantic transmission. His first choice was a rocky outcropping in Wellfleet on Cape Cod, Massachusetts, but a series of storms on both sides of the ocean that battered antennae and other equipment eventually led him further north. Signal Hill is not the most eastern point in North America; that would be Cape Spear, a little further south. But Signal Hill is slightly more protected from the North Atlantic’s furious storms by a natural recess in the coastline. On a clear day, you feel as though you could shout a greeting to someone on England’s rocky coast, about 3,500km to the east. Marconi had already chosen his ideal location on the other side of the Atlantic: Poldhu on the Lizard Peninsula in South Cornwall. Although the original transmission station is gone, a monument and visitors centre today marks the spot and interprets what was going on here while Marconi and team worked on the other side of the ocean. Those in England worked in isolation, struggling with weather conditions of their own, not knowing at all what was transpiring in Newfoundland. It had been weeks since they had communicated with Marconi and team. For several days, at an appointed time each day, the scientists at Poldhu transmitted three simple dots – the Morse code signal for the letter ‘s’. Marconi was battling against the violently cold and windy winter up here, and needed to use a series of balloons and kites to help keep his antennae upright. But each day, at the designated time, he donned headsets and listened. Finally, on 12 December 1901, it happened. Dot-dot-dot. Marconi was instantly a name known around the world, comparable today perhaps to Mark Zuckerberg or Steve Jobs. He made millions from his inventions and received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1909. Signal Hill is now a National Historic Site. And about 64km south is Cape Race, the first permanent Marconi station in North America. It was here on a cold night in April 1912 that wireless transmissions from the RMS Titanic were received and shared with the rest of the world. Both places are worthy of a selfie, thanks to Guglielmo Marconi. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||