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CELLULAR TELEPHONES 1. Cellular telephones are transportable be vehicle or personally portable devices that may be used in motor vehicles or by people. Cellular telephones communicate by radiowave in the 800–900-megahertz band. They allow a great degree of mobility within a service region that may occupy hundreds of square kilometers in area. 2. It should be noted that all communication with a mobile or portable device within a given cell is made to the base station that serves the cell. Because of the low transmitting power of battery-operated portable devices, specific sending and receiving frequencies of a cell may be reused in other cells within larger geographic areas. Thus, the spectral efficiency of a cellular system is increased by a factor equal to the number of times a frequency may be reused within its service area. 3. It is interesting to note that the first mobile and portable cellular systems were huge and heavy. But because of *9.2.(2) th progress in component technology, their weight and size were considerably decreased. For example, the weight of light portables in 1990 was equal to 310 grams. By 1994 their weight was reduced and became equal to 120 grams. This process is continuing. The weight of one of the models of cellular telephones produced in Russia-Motorola 70V – is only 81 grams! X. Письменно озаглавьте 1 и 2-й абзацы первого из приведенных текстов. Вариант 5 I. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, принимая во внимание различные функции слов it,that(those),one(см. грамм. справ.: 4.1, 4.4, 4.3, а также ссылки после *). 1. It will be*5.4 useful to explore some electrical properties of the tunnel diode. 2. It is these properties of crystals that are the most important.*3.1 3. This method is the one most widely used *7.3.2.2 for identifying computer users. 4. One should turn the knob until*9.2 (1) a click is heard. II. Перепишите предложения и переведите их, учитывая особенности перевода на русский язык определительных блоков существительного с левым или правым определениями (см. грамм. справ.: 2.2, 2.3, 2.3.1,а также ссылки после *). 1. Transistor performance wassteadilyimproved.*5.5.1 2. The radio equipment used operated from a 12-volt d. c. source. 3. Unfortunately, no identification system currently in use meets*11.9 all these requirements. III. Перепишите предложения, определите в каждом из них глагол-сказуемое, его видовременную форму и залог. Переведите предложения на русский язык (см. грамм. справ.: 5, 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.5.1, 5.5.6, 11.13,а также ссылки после *). 1. The tests will show how accurately the device is performing. 2. We have thus*10.3, 10.4 established a flow of collector current. 3. The period in which we live is frequently referred to as the «air age». IV. Перепишите предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол или его эквивалент. Переведите предложения на русский язык (см. грамм. справ.: 5.6, 5.6.1, 5.6.3.2,а также ссылки после *). 1. Impurities may be introduced by the diffusion process. 2. Games can consume time that children should spend on other important activities. 3. In the near future there might be*6.2.(6), 5.6.1 a great demand for computer specialists. 4. Thomson`s experiments permitted the mass of an electron and its velocity to be measured. V. Перепишите и переведите предложения, учитывая различные функции глагола tobe(см. грамм. справ.: 6, 6.1, 6.2, 5.6.3, 5.6.3.1, 5.5.1,а также ссылки после *). 1. There are two general methods of capacity measurement. 2. The function of the control unit is to supervise the operation*11.8 of the computer. 3. We are to consider in details how various parts of microprocessor communicate with one another. 4. A good deal of work is now being done on automated program optimization. VI. Перепишите и переведите предложения, учитывая различные функции глагола tohave(см. грамм. справ.: 6, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3, 5.6.3.1, 5.5.1,а также ссылки после *). 1. Besides these pluses the new product also has a number of*11.7 other advantages. 2. For people who have personal computers computer-to-computer communication has become very popular. 3. This is the problem that has to be solved. 4. Over the years, the device size has been reduced tremendously. VII. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод парных союзов и многозначность некоторых служебных слов (см. грамм. справ.: 3.5, 9.1.2, 9.2, 11.6, 11.7). 1. Neutrons not only cause fission; they produce other effects as well. 2. Once the reaction started it proceeded till completion. 3. Because so many companies produce IBM-compatible computer, there are many possible configurations. VIII. Перепишите и переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод устойчивых словосочетаний (см. грамм. справ.: 10, 10.1, 10.2, 10.3, 11.12). 1. Every material body is made of one element or a combination of elements. Almost always, the latter is the case. 2. The first nuclear power station was put into operation in 1955. IX. Прочтите и устно переведите текст, затем письменно переведите 1, 2, и 3-й абзацы текста. HISTORY OF TELEVISION 1.Unlike digital computers – which started out as mechanical devices and then went through a brief electrical period during the 1930s, finally becoming electronic only in the 1940s - television was an electrical medium from the its very beginning. 2. Attempts to send images over distances with the use of electricity date to 1876, the year Alexander Graham Bell invented the telephone. At that time it was already known that the resistivity of selenium varied with the amount of light falling on it. Thus as soon as*9.2.(1) Bell made it*4.1. clear that complex signals could be transmitted over a distance, inventors began trying to develop means*11.12 of «seeing by electricity», as*9.2.(1) the title of one paper put in (зд.: гласил) at the time. 3. The first television invention that had practical consequences was the «electrical telescope», patented by Paul Nipkow in 1884. At the heart of his camera was the now famous Nipkow disk. It had 24 holes. As the disk rotated, the sequence of holes scanned the image in a straight line. A lens behind the image region collected the sequential light samples (зд.: пятно, точка) and focused them on a single selenium cell. The cell produced a succession of currents, each proportional to the intensity of the light on a different element of the image. 4. The first all-electronic system was described by Alan Archibald Campbell-Swinton in a letter to Nature magazine on June 18, 1908. His system was based on the cathode-ray tube invented in 1897 by Karl Ferdinand Braun, in Strassburg. Campbell-Swinton proposed using CRTs as both the transmitterand*9.1.2 receiver. 5. One step closer*3.1 to reality was Boris Rosing of the Technological Institute of St. Petersburg University in Russia, who in 1907 developed a TV system that used mechanical scanning on the transmitting end and the Braun CRT as a receiver. One of his students, Vladimir Zworykin helped to develop television as we know it today. Zworykin invented the kinescope – a TV picture tube - thus becoming responsible for both the key transmitting and receiving elements of electronic television. X. Письменно озаглавьте 4 и 5-й абзацы текста. |