англ. Типы чтения английских гласных букв в ударных и безударных слогах
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partner - деловой партнер wish all the best - желать самого хорошего cooperate successfully - успешно сотрудничать Cheers! - за ваше здоровье! drink to - пить за что-либо bend over backwards - очень стараться meet our interests - учесть наши интересы do business - вести дела fruitful negotiations - плодотворные переговоры give a talk - проводить беседу Сборник дополнительных текстов Module I Unit 2. About myself and my family. TEXT 1. MY FAMILY. My family is quite large. I have a father, a mother, a brother and a sister. We all live together in Krasnoyarsk. My father’s name is Igor. He is 45 years old. He is a tall and well-built man with short black hair and grey eyes. He works at a big plant as an engineer. He likes his work and spends most of his time there. By character my father is a quiet man, while my mother is energetic and talkative. Her name is Olga. She is a teacher of English. My sister’s name is Lisa. Like her mother she has blue eyes and lovely fair hair. She is a very good-looking girl. Lisa is three years younger than me. She is a pupil of the 9th form. She does well at school and gets only good and excellent marks. My name is Max. Last year I left school and entered the University. Our family is very united. We like to spend time together. In the evenings we watch TV, read books and newspapers, listen to music or just talk about the events of the day. All of us like to spend our week-ends out of town. We often go to the village where our grandparents live. They are old-age pensioners now but prefer to live in the country. I also have many other relatives: uncles, aunts, cousins and many friends. We are happy when we are together. TEXT 2. BRITISH FAMILIES. British families are usually quite big. An average family consists of a mother, a father and two or three children. But no one is really sure how it is possible to have four children. It is quite rare in Britain for grandparents, aunts and uncles to share the house with the family. However, families often share the house with dogs, cats, goldfish and even rabbits which they keep, not to eat, but as pets. Unit 3. My house (flat). TEXT 1. OUR HOUSE AND FLAT. I live in Krasnoyarsk in a new nine-storied block of flats at 24, Lenina street. Our house is of modern design. There's a big grocery on the ground floor and it's very convenient to do everyday shopping. In front of the house there is a children's playground and a small garden. I like spending time there. My flat is on the fifth floor. It is very comfortable. I have all modern conveniences, such as central heating, electricity, cold and hot running water and a telephone. There are three rooms in my flat: a living room, a bedroom and a study. I also have a kitchen, a bathroom, a small entrance hall and two balconies. My living room is the largest in the flat. It is nicely furnished. In the corner there is a colour TV set. In the opposite corner there is a sofa and two armchairs. The piano is on the right. There are two pictures above the piano. On the floor we have a nice thick carpet. The curtains on the window match the walls. All this makes the room cosy. In my study you may see a table with computer and two bookcases. I am fond of books and have plenty of them at home. Also there is a fireplace and a very comfortable armchair where I like to sit and read books. My bedroom is also very nice and cosy. There are two beds, a bedside table, some chairs and a wardrobe in it. There is a lovely carpet on the floor between the beds. My kitchen is rather large. There is a stove, four stools, a refrigerator and a cupboard in which I keep cups, plates and all my dishes. The kitchen serves me as a dining-room. But when I receive guests or have different celebrations I have the meals in the living-room. The bathroom is near the kitchen. Here I keep my toilet articles, have a bath and a shower. The entrance hall is small. There is a hall-stand and a mirror on the wall. A telephone is on a special table under the mirror. I am happy to have such a nice flat and try to keep it clean. TEXT 2. THE HOUSE OF AN ENGLISHMAN. A lot of families in London live in flats, but most people live in their own houses in the suburbs. Most of London's suburban houses consist of two floors, the ground floor and the first floor. All in all there are six or seven rooms in the house. On the ground floor there's a dining-room, a sitting-room, a kitchen and a hall. In the hall you can see a stand for hats, coats and umbrellas. A staircase leads from the hall to the landing on the first floor. On this floor there are four bedrooms, a bathroom and a lavatory. On top of the roof there are three chimneys. In front of the house they have a small garden, in which they grow flowers: roses, tulips and so on. At the back of the house there's a much larger garden with a lawn and some fruit trees. There's also a vegetable garden where they grow all kinds of vegetables, such as potatoes, cabbages, cauliflowers, onions and tomatoes. At the side of the house there is a garage, where they can keep their car. The garden is enclosed by a fence, with a gate in it. Unit 4. Is it difficult to learn English? TEXT 1. MY ENGLISH STUDIES. Learning a foreign language is not an easy thing. It is a long and slow process that takes a lot of time and efforts. We began studying English in the fourth form of the secondary school. We started with the ABC, transcription and sounds. Then we learnt some English words, conversational phrases and dialogues by heart, read and translated easy texts. From lesson to lesson we improved our knowledge, learnt more and more new words, grammatical structures and put them into practice of speaking. We enjoyed our English classes and prepared carefully for them. At home we tried to listen to different educational programmes over the radio, watched English films on TV. Soon we were able not only to read and translate texts but to discuss their contents in English, to communicate with one another making useful statements in real-life situations. I want to know foreign languages because I have always been interested in foreign countries, their cultures and peoples. I want to learn English in particular not only because it is the language of such great countries as the USA and Great Britain, but also because it has become the international language, the language of progressive science and engineering. To know English today is absolutely necessary for every educated man, for every good specialist. TEXT 2. ENGLISH AS A WORLD LANGUAGE. It is only in the course of the last hundred years that English has become a world language. In Shakespeare's time it was a "provincial" language of secondary importance with only 6 million native speakers. Nowadays English has become the world's most important language in politics, science, trade and cultural relations. In a number of speakers (400 million) it is second only to Chinese. It is the official language of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, of the United States of America, of Australia and New Zealand. English is used as one of the official languages in Canada, the Republic of South Africa and the Irish Republic. It is also spoken as a second language by many people in India, Pakistan, numerous countries in Africa. The number of second-language speakers may soon exceed the number of native speakers, if it has not done so already. Even more widely English is studied and used as a foreign language. In this respect it acquired an international status. It is used for communication across frontiers, listening to broadcasts, reading books and newspapers, in commerce and travel. Half of the world's scientific literature is in English. English is associated with technological and economic development of the great manufacturing countries and it is the principal language of international aid. It is the language of automation and computer technology. It is not only the universal language of international aviation, shipping and sport, it is to a considerable degree the universal language of literacy and public communication. It is the major language of diplomacy, and is the most frequently used language both in the debates in the United Nations and in the general conduct of the UN business. English has become a world language because of its establishment as a mothertongue outside England, in all the countries of the world. This exporting of English began in the seventeenth century, with the first settlements in North America. Above all, it is the great growth of population in the United States, assisted by massive immigration in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, that has given the English language its modern standing in the world. Module II Unit 5. Let's talk about films. TEXT 1. Theatres and Cinemas of Krasnoyarsk. There are some theatres in Krasnoyarsk and they are all very popular with the public. Theatre lovers don't miss any new performance at the theatres. Both children and grown-ups like to go to the Puppet Theatre and to the Circus. Those who are fond of music go to the Opera and Ballet Theatre and to the Philharmonic. As far as I am concerned I like Drama Theatre named after Pushkin and Theatre of Music Comedy. If I want to go to an evening show I usually book tickets in advance. But for matinee performances I always buy tickets just before the show. There are many talented actors and actresses in our country. My favourite actor is O. Yankovsky. He played the leading parts in many films and I always enjoy his superb acting. Also there are a lot of cinemas in Krasnoyarsk. A lot of people got there every day. You may not only see film at the cinema but spend wonderful evening with your friends after or before the film. You sit at the café or even go to the restaurant and you needn’t go out of the cinema. When I want to go to the cinema I usually see in the programme what films are on. Then I phone my friends and we discuss what films to see. We prefer feature films but also enjoy cartoons and popular science films. To see a good love story, musical or detective film is a very pleasant way of spending free time. The film I saw last was the screen version of the novel Gone with the Wind by M. Mitchel. This film is in colour. It's an old film but still it enjoys great popularity. There are many famous American actors in it with Vivien Leigh and Clark Gable in the leads. I was deeply impressed by their acting and the film itself. TEXT 2. THEATRES, MUSIC HALLS AND CINEMAS IN LONDON. Theatres are very much the same in London as anywhere else: the chief theatres, music halls and cinemas are in the West End. If you are staying in London for a few days, you'll have no difficulty whatever in finding somewhere to spend an enjoyable evening. You'll find opera, ballet, comedy, drama, musical comedy and variety. Films are shown in the cinemas during the greater part of the day. The best seats at theatres are those in the stalls and circle. Then comes the pit, and last of all the gallery where the seats are the cheapest. Boxes, of course, are the most expensive. At the West End theatres you can get the best of everything — an excellent orchestra, famous conductors, celebrated singers and well-dressed audience. You can see most of the famous English actors and actresses. As a rule, the plays are magnificently staged: costumes, dresses, scenery, everything being done on the most lavish scale. Choose a good play, and you'll enjoy yourself from the moment the curtain goes up to the end of the last act. Get your seat beforehand, either at the box-office of the theatre itself or at one of the agencies. When you go to a theatre you'll probably want to sit as near to the stage as possible. If you are at a cinema, you may prefer to sit some distance from the screen. In fact, I would say, the further away the better. Unit 6. Talking about holidays. TEXT 1. Travelling. Modern life is impossible without traveling. Millions of people all over the world travel every day either on business or for pleasure. There are a lot of means of travelling and people can travel by plane, by train, by ship, by car or on foot. And of course all means of travelling have their advantages and disadvantages. People can choose one according to their plans and destinations. Travelling by plain is the most convenient, comfortable and the fastest means of travelling. But it has such disadvantages like airsickness and your ears hurt during the taking off and landing. And the main disadvantage is the cost of flight – it’s the most expensive means of traveling. Travelling by train is much slower than by plain, you can see beautiful nature landscape and places of interest of the country you are traveling through. Most people prefer to travel by train because of its comfort. Travelling by sea is popular mostly for pleasure trips. Of course this means of travelling is very interesting and amazing because people can enjoy the views of sea, seashore, they can breathe fresh sea air. But on ship board you can feel seasick and it’s very expensive too. Another means of travelling is a coach tour. Coach tours are planned and you can have a chance to do a lot of sightseeing and have a good rest at the same time. Travelling is a good thing, because it’s always interesting to discover new things, different ways of life, to meet different people and to try different food. Text 2. Travel is extremely important nowadays. Two hundred years ago, most people never travelled further than a few km. They travelled, walked, went by carriage or on horseback. But in the last quarter of the twentieth century, people have travelled a lot. Many people travel 50 or 100 km daily by public transport or private car. Millions of people travel long distances abroad on business trips or for holidays every year. Even a housewife who is going shopping may travel twenty km. For most people, speed is a very important factor when they are travelling. They want to reach their destination as quickly as possible. There are now planes that can cross the Atlantic in just over three hours. Other people prefer comfort to speed. They like to relax during the journey and enjoy themselves as much as possible. For almost everyone, safety is the most important factor. For example, many people never fly because they believe it is dangerous. In fact, it is probably much more dangerous to travel by car or to walk across a street. Module III Unit 9.Working day of a businessman. Text 1. MY WORKING DAY. On week-days I usually get up at 7 o’clock. I make my bed, open the window and do my morning exercises. Then I go to the bathroom where I clean my teeth and wash myself. If I have enough time I take a cold and hot shower. After bathroom I go back to my room where I dress myself and brush my hair. In 10 minutes I am ready for breakfast. It may be a cup of tea or coffee and a sandwich. After breakfast I put on my coat, take the bag and go to university. As I live not far from university it takes me only ten minutes to get there. I don’t want to be late for the first lesson so I come a few minutes before the beginning. Our lessons start at half past eight in the morning and they are over at half past three in the afternoon. After classes I go home and have dinner there. But sometimes I go to the canteen and have dinner there. After dinner I have a short rest, read newspapers, make some telephone calls. Then I do my homework. We study many subjects, so it takes me about two hours to do my homework. Sometimes I go to the library to get ready for my practical classes or to write a report. As a rule I have no free time on my week-days. Eight o’clock is supper time in our family. We all get together in the kitchen, then go to the sitting room and watch TV, read books or discuss different problems. At about eleven at night I go to bed. Text 2. MY DAY-OFF. Most people in our country work five days a week but students work six days. They have only one day off. It is Sunday. I like this day very much. You needn’t hurry anywhere and you may go wherever you like after your week’s work. On this day I wake up later than usually. But sometimes I don’t get up till nine or ten o’clock. I read morning newspapers or listen to music. As soon as I get up I air the room, make my bed and do morning exercises. Then I go to bathroom and have breakfast. Two more hours for getting ready with my homework and I am free. I meet my friends and we discuss our plans together. We may go to the cinema or theatre, to museums and parks. In fine weather we also like to be out of town. We find a nice place somewhere in the forest or on the bank of the river and have a picnic. In the evening all the members of our family get together. We have supper, make plans for tomorrow, watch TV or read books. Sometimes we receive guests at our place or go for a walk. I enjoy my days off very much.
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