Документ Microsoft Word. To be в прошедшем времени и ing
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particular частный, особый, особенный, данный in every particular case в каждом отдельном случае Far from it ничего подобного Extra ordinary чрезвычайный ant. ordinary обычный Extra ordinary чрезвычайный ant. ordinary обычный to happen случаться fob (FOB, f.o.b., F.O.B.) = free on board фоб, свободно на борт — условия поставки, при которых продавец несет ответственность за товар до момента его поставки на борт судна/самолета on fob terms на условиях фоб as usual как обычно objection возражение too bject возражать no objections on our part. Никаких возражений с нашей стороны. power of attorney доверенность cosy уютный Exercises Read the following: when It would be splendid. will What would you say to that? want I have the power of attorney. where I'll be waiting for you in the would lobby. wait We could have dinner later. what Shall we have a standard contract? Shall we discuss the terms of delivery? Shall we discuss the fob terms? Shall we discuss the cif terms? Shall we discuss the price then? Shall we discuss the discount then? Shall we have a break? 2. Underline the answers true to the text: What first matter did the businessmen discuss after the break? The time of delivery. The price problem. The terms of delivery. Who was to pay the air freight? The Russian company, the Buyers. The English company, the Sellers. The businessmen did not mention this fact. Who was to insure the de- vices? The Buyers. The Sellers. It is not quite clear. Did Mr. Freiser give Mr. Smirnov the cif prices during the talk? No, he didn't because Mr. Smirnov didn't ask for them. No, he didn't because the secretary didn't type them. Yes, he did, as the secretary typed them and brought them to Mr. Freiser during the talk. Did Mr. Smirnov ask Mr. Freiser to give them a discount for this particular order? No, since he admitted it was a small order. Mr. Smirnov never mentioned a discount during the talk. Yes, though he admitted it was a small order. Did Mr. Freiser make a hint that in future they might give a discount? Yes, he did. No, he didn't. He mentioned a discount of 10 per cent. What terms of delivery did the Buyers usually practice in dealing with this particular company? FOB Tilbury. CIF Sheremetievo. It is not quite clear. When did the businessmen plan to sign the Contract? The next morning after Mr. Smirnov got the power of attorney. As soon as Mr. Smirnov could get the power of attorney. The same evening, since it was necessary only to prepare the Contract itself. 3. Underline the verbs in the following sentences: Shall we sign the Contract then? Shall we resume the talks? Shall we discuss the price problem first? Could you give me your idea of the pi ice? Could we hope to have discounts for our future Contracts? Could we sign the Contract tonight? Will you always prefer Cif terms? Will you always prefer shipment by ail? Will you give us your fob prices now? Would you give us your fob prices now? Could you give us your fob prices now? May I have your fob prices now? 4. Match English and Russian equivalents: And now comes the price problem. As far as I understand... You wanted us to pay air-freight, didn't you? You wanted us to insure the goods, didn't you? For our trial order these terms are preferable. Насколько я понимаю... Для пробного заказа именно эти условия предпочтительны. А теперь обсудим вопрос о цене. Вы хотели, чтобы мы оплатили стоимость авиаперевозки, да? Вы хотели, чтобы мы застраховали товар, да? 5. Insert prepositions: Could you give me your idea... the price... each … the devices then? ... the break I asked the secretary to type the price list.. this basis. Now you may have a look... the prices. When we make contracts... future we hope we shall have a certain discount... the prices. We shall discuss this matter... every particular case. 6. Insert articles: There is... question I would like to ask you. Shall we have... standard contract for your trial order? I have... power of attorney. I propose to sign it in... evening. We could have dinner at... restaurant of your choice. There is... good restaurant near... hotel. I'll be waiting for you in... lobby. 7. Choose the correct variant: If you mention future contracts there (is, are) a question I (would, will) like to ask you. Only in this particular case we (has, have) chosen shipment by plane. Only in this particular case we (are, have) chosen cif terms. If nothing extraordinary (happen, happens) we shall practice fob Tilbury term. If you сan (have, has) prepared it now it (would be, is) splendid. Придаточные предложения условия и времени "If" and "when" clauses Если в придаточных предложениях условия и времени говорится о действиях, которые должны произойти в будущем, то, глагол в этих предложениях употребляется в настоящем времени. Например: When we make contracts in future we shall give you a discount. If we make contracts in future we shall always give you discounts. If we meet in the evening we shall sign it then. We shall sign it when we meet in the evening. 8. Use the verbs in the right forms: When we (to make) contracts in future we hope we shall have a certain discount off the price. If nothing extraordinary (to happen) we shall practice fob Tilbury terms. If nothing extraordinary (to occur) we shall buy goods on fob terms. If you (to prepare) it today we shall sign it today. We shall sign it as soon as you (to prepare) it. We shall sign it after we (to discuss) all these details. We shan't sign it before we (to discuss) all these particulars. 9. Complete the dialogues and act out similar ones: — I certainly... small... Therefore... mention discounts you usually... But don't take it as a... When we make ... — We shall certainly... — If you mention future Contracts there... question... ask... Will you always prefer... — Oh no. Far from it. Only in this particular...But in future if nothing extraordinary... as usual. — Fine. No... on our part. 10. Act out the dialogues between Ivan and Frank: When they speak about airfreight, insurance and prices for this Contract. When they agree to sign the Contract in the evening. 11. Sum up how the businessmen agreed on the prices. Agree or disagree: It is usually very difficult on the price. The Sellers always agree to give a discount. The Buyers always ask the Sellers to grant them a discount. Good-bye to London In the evening Mr. Hill invited all the participants to a farewell party at the Beefeater restaurant near the Tower of London. In general Beefeaters are warders of the Tower, dressed as in the days of the Tudor kings. The restaurant is famous for its medieval ages performance and the spirit of the time. It's like a costume drama with the history of England unfolding before the eyes of the guests. The participants enjoyed the performance immensely, had a very nice meal and a few drinks. A few toasts were pronounced like these: To the success of our business! To our prosperous business! Cheers! To your very good health! There were also many thanks like these: Thank you very much for having us. Thank you for the nice stay we had here in London. We were very happy here. Thank you very much. Everything was unforgettable. I thank you a lot. We 've really enjoyed the visit. In the morning the Group checked out and the coach took them to the Heathrow Airport. There was no queueing up they checked in very quickly and went upstairs to the Passport Control point. Here they said good-bye and expressed thanks to Mr. Hill. In reply he said many kind words and wished them a safe journey. The journey back home was really very smooth and enjoyable. A few days later Pete Smirnov, General Director of Econom training, sent the following letter to Mr. Hill: Dear Mr. Hill, Let me thank you and your esteemed company on behalf of the Group and our company for the hearty atmosphere of their stay in London, for very informative lectures and very useful external visits they had. They also thank you heartily for the chances to do some business of their own and to make a few visits they had planned. I hope that we shall arrange similar programmes in future as well to the satisfaction of our both parties. Let me send you and your family my best wishes for Christmas and a very prosperous New Year. Yours faithfully, Pete Smirnov Words and expressions farewell прощание farewell party прощальный вечер beef eaters "мясоеды" — прозвищe дворцовой стражи или стражи Тауэра tower башня The Tower of London Тауэр warder стражник Tudors династия Тюдоров(1495-1603) - период реформации и усиления централизованной власти costume костюм drama драма Costume drama костюмированное представление, драма to unfold раскрывать (ся) to act тост unforgettable незабываемый to checkout выезжать из гостиницы up stairs наверх (у) to express safe выражать безопасный enjoyable esteemed hearty atmosphere informative приятный уважаемый сердечный атмосфера информативный, содержательный to arrange организовывать, договориться о Exercises Insert prepositions: the evening Mr. Hill invited all the participants... a farewell party... Beefeater restaurant... the Tower... London. ... general Beefeaters are warders... the Tower dressed as... the days... the Tudor kings. the restaurant is famous... its medieval ages performances. It's like a costume drama with the history of England unfolding...the eyes... the guests. 2. Insert articles: ... participants enjoyed... performance immensely. They had... very nice meal and... few drinks. ... few toasts were pronounced. To... success of our business! Thank you for... nice stay we had here in London. I thank you... lot. We've really enjoyed... visit. 3. Read the sentences you like the best used as: Toasts’are the words of thanks. 4. Sum up what you have learned about: the Beefeater, restaurant, the farewell party. 5. Translate the letter into Russian underlining the most important sentences, to your mind. Complete the letter and write a similar one: Let me thank you and your... on behalf of... for the hearty.., for very informative... and very useful... They also thank you heartily for the chances... their own and make... they had planned. We hope... similar programmes... of our both parties. Let me send you... Christmas... prosperous New Year. 7. Look through all the Units. Imagine you are one of the participants of the Group. Say what you remember best of all and why: Entertainments in London: the medieval ages performance at the Beefeater restaurant the musical Evita at St. George theater Madame Tussaud's Cultural excursions outside and inside London: Oxford and the colleges of the University Eton and its public school the Windsor Casle Greenwich and the Observatory External business visits: The laywers' company the Bank of England the company producing security devices Business talks: in Moscow about the Contract on training in London about the Contract for the purchase of devices Lectures in London: Trade finance Payments in international trade Accounting Balance sheets Banking Taxes 8. Role play Imagine that you were one of the participants of the Group. Sometime later at one of the business talks you meet David Hill. Greet him and pay compliments for the nice Programme. Also say how useful all the information and all the visits were. Invite David to have lunch or dinner at a local restaurant. Основные функции глаголов to be, to have, to do в предложении To be 1. Смысловой глагол Обычно после глагола в этом случае следует прилагательное или существительное с предлогом или без или с определяющими словами. Может переводиться на русский язык глаголом “быть” (находиться где-либо, являться кем-то/чем-то, каким-то).Часто перевод глагола опускается. В этом случае может рассматриваться как глагол-связка. The main material was granite. Основным материалом был гранит. He is a very clever student. Он (есть)очень умный студент. The greater part of the road was under water. Большая часть дороги была под водой. Вспомогательный глагол служит для образования: а) времени Continuous: be + Ving Указывает на лицо, число и время сказуемого. Theryare still making the experiment. Они еще (выполняют)проводят эксперимент. The experts were analyzing the data. Эксперты анализировали данные. б)Passive Voice:be+Ved (PII) The Periodic Table was published in 1869. Периодическая Таблица была опубликована в 1869. This unit will be installed in the foundry shop. Этот блок будетустановлен в литейном цехе. 3. Эквивалент модального глагола must После глагола следует неопределенная форма глагола с частицей to Be to VoПереводится на русский язык: должен, необходимо. You are to study this problem as soon as possible Вы должны изучить эту проблему как можно быстрее. The municipal authorities will be to support this proposal. Муниципальные власти должны будут поддержать это предложение. To have Смысловой глагол. Переводится на русский язык иметь. Have +существительное The cylinder has two input valves. Цилиндр имеет два впускных клапана. 2. Вспомогательный глагол Служит для образования глагольных времен группы Perfect Have + V (ed)(PII) Как вспомогательный глагол на русский язык глагол have не переводится, указывает на число, лицо и время сказуемого. The designers have greatly changed the configuration of the engine.(Present Perfect) Have changed- Present Perfect Конструкторы значительно изменили конфигурацию двигателя. The plant will have produced this model by the end of the year.(Future Perfect) will have produced - Future Perfect Завод выпустит эту модель к концу года. 3. Have to = Эквивалент модального глагола must После глагола have следует глагол в неопределенной форме: have to+Vo, глагол have (to) переводится в этой конструкции: должен, необходимо. Глагол do употребляется в качестве: 1. Cмыслового. Переводится на русский язык: делать, выполнять После глагола, как правило, следует существительное. They did this work yesterday = Они делали эту работу вчера. В качестве вспомогательного глагола в отрицательных и вопросительных предложениях. На русский язык не переводится. Does the canal connect two oceans? Соединяет ли этот канал два океана? The first self-propelled vehicles did not develop high speed. Первые самоходные транспортные средства не развивали высокую скорость. 3. Усилительная функция После глагола do следует глагол в неопределенной форме. Do +V (o)(инфинитив) Глагол do,как правило, на русский язык не переводится. Усиление значения действия передается в русском предложении усилительными частицами же, ведь, интонацией, словом " действительно» The exhibition did open yesterday. Выставка ведь открылась вчера. But we do see him every day. Но мы же видим его каждый день. The plant did generate such amount of energy. Установка действительно вырабатывала такое количество энергии. 4. Глагол-заменитель Употребляется вместо глагола, уже встретившегося в предложении. На русский язык может не переводиться, или переводится глаголом, который он заменяет. The metals withstand high pressure and the plastics do too. Металлы выдерживают высокое давление и пластики (выдерживают) тоже. |