Топики по английскому языку. Топики Тексты для чтения Экзаменационные вопросы Цветкова И. В. Клепальченко И. А
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Английский язык для школьников и поступающих в ВУЗы УСТНЫЙ ЭКЗАМЕН Топики Тексты для чтения Экзаменационные вопросы  Цветкова И. В. Клепальченко И. А. Мыльцева Н. А. ГЛОССА-ПРЕСС 2004 АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК для школьников и ПОСТУПАЮЩИХ В ВУЗЫ УСТНЫЙ ЭКЗАМЕН ИЗДАНИЕ ПЯТОЕ Авторы и составители: Цветкова И. В., Клепальчецко И.А., Мыльцева Н.А. МОСКВА ГЛОССА-ПРЕСС 2004 ББК 43.6 Ж66 Рецензенты: доктор филологических наук, профессор МГУ В.П. Конецкая; доктор филологических наук, профессор МПУ С.В. Гринев; доктор филологических наук, профессор ИПК и ПРНО МО В.В. Ощепкова Цветкова Ирина Всеволодовна, доцент, кандидат филологических наук Клепальченко Игорь Алексеевич, доцент, кандидат филологических наук Мыльцева Нина Александровна, доцент, кандидат филологических наук АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ И ПОСТУПАЮЩИХ В ВУЗЫ Устный экзамен Издание пятое Данное пособие адресовано абитуриентам, поступающим на гуманитарные факультеты высших учебных заведений. В пособии представлены материалы, необходимые для сдачи устного экзамена по английскому языку: тексты для чтения, перевода и пересказа; тексты-темы (топики) и тексты страноведческого характера для дополнительного чтения. Пособие может быть также использовано учащимися старших классов при подготовке к выпускным экзаменам. Редактор Л. Кудрявцева Компьютерная верстка М. Королева, О. Дорина ™ 4602010000-001 , . Ж 179030-95 Безобъявл. ISBN 5-7651-0096-1 © ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО ГЛОССА-ПРЕСС МОСКВА, 2003 Уважаемые читатели! Пособие, которое вы держите в руках, в первую очередь адресовано тем, кто решил поступать на факультет иностранных языков и готовится к предстоящим экзаменам. Впрочем, и тем, кто поступает в неязыковые вузы, но должен будет сдавать экзамен по английскому языку, оно, как мы надеемся, тоже пригодится. Это пособие может оказаться полезным и для учащихся школ, гимназий и лицеев, для студентов колледжей и университетов при подготовке к сессии, зачетам или к устным беседам и выступлениям. Устный экзамен по английскому языку состоит, как правило, из следующих заданий: 1. Прочитать вслух отрывок из текста (по выбору экзаменатора) и перевести его на русский язык. 2. Пересказать текст и/или ответить на вопросы экзаменатора по его содержанию. 3. Побеседовать с экзаменатором на одну из предложенных им тем. В данном пособии вы найдете образцы экзаменационных текстов, тексты-темы (топики), которые помогут вам вести беседу с экзаменатором, тексты страноведческого характера для дополнительного чтения, вопросы, которые вам могут задать на экзамене. В пособие включены как традиционные темы ("My Family", "My School", "My Working Day", "My Summer Holidays", "Great Britain", "London", "Moscow" и т.д.), так и темы, которые стали появляться в экзаменационных билетах относительно недавно ("Mass Media", "Life in the 21st Century", "Will We Live in Space?", "Can We Live Longer?", "Computer Revolution", "Our Planet Earth" и др.). Возможно, какие-то топики подойдут вам полностью, какие-то частично, но любой из них может служить основой для составления собственного рассказа. Мы надеемся, что вы не будете заучивать топики наизусть, а используете свое воображение и фантазию и сочините что-нибудь сами. Желаем удачи! TEXTS: THE HARD WAY They were about to start Christmas lunch. The family were all sitting expectantly round the table: Dad, Mum, Ron and Jennie — and Jan. Everybody was talking at once. Dad was waiting, a bit impatiently, to say what he said every year as he cut the first slice of turkey. Jan didn't feel like talking. She was thinking of Davey, and didn't really pay any attention to the other people at the table. When she saw the table — the huge brown turkey in front of her father, the dishes of potatoes and vegetables — she thought of Davey's words the night before. "We're killing ourselves with too much food and three quarters of the world are starving to death..." "A bit of turkey, Jan?" Jan hesitated, then took a deep breath and said, "No turkey for me, thank you." Silence. The other members of the family stared at her. "It's horrible," said Jan, trembling a little." — We're eating like pigs and they're starving —" "Who's starving?" Dad asked, looking puzzled. "Oh, everybody — the rest of the world —you know, you see enough of it on TV!" Mr Morris stood still in front of the turkey. He was trying to keep control of himself. "So you think we're all a lot of pigs, do you? And where did you get that idea from?" "Davey said —" "Oh, Davey said, did he? That longhaired layabout? Well, shall I tell you what you can do?" "Jim!" Jan's mother put her hand on his arm, but he shook her off. He was in a terrible rage. "Shall I tell you what you can do?" he went on. "You can get out of here and spend the rest of your Christmas with your Davey." Jan knew her father didn't like Davey, but she hadn't expected this rage. "You're wrong, Dad," she said. "Davey doesn't deserve that sort of criticism." "Get out!" The rest of the family didn't say a word as Jan left the room, crying. There was nobody else around in the streets at three o'clock that after noon. It was Christmas Day, after all. Most people were inside watching TV, or eating. She was walking towards Davey's house. Her father had told her to go and spend the rest of Christmas with him, and that was what she was going to do. She was lucky: Davey was in. "Hi, Jan! Fancy seeing you here! I thought you were spending Christmas in the heart of the family, eating Christmas pudding and all that stuff." "Well, I was, but ... can I come in, Davey?" There was a slight pause before he said. "Sure. I've got a few people here, but one more won't make any difference." It was pretty dark in the room. There was one candle, burning in a saucer on a shelf in one corner of the room. Jan couldn't see how many people there were, but she guessed about seven or eight; they were all sitting, or lying on the floor. Indian music was coming from somewhere. There was a smell, too: of damp, and old cooking, and something Jan didn't recognize — incense perhaps? Jan sat down. She was feeling tired and, she had to admit, hungry. She wondered if Davey had, after all, any food. Nobody was talking. The music droned on. The air got thicker and thicker, and the strange smell got stronger and stronger. "Want one, Jan?" Davey was standing over her. The candle had got so low she could hardly see what he was offering her. "What is it?" "This." It was like a long cigarette. Everybody else seemed to be holding one. "What is it?" "Come on, Jan, you know." Yes, she knew. So that was the smell: pot. She felt sick. The room spun in front of her eyes. She felt herself sweating. The candle seemed to grow six feet tall. She struggled to her feet. "Hey, kid. What's up?" Davey grabbed her arm, and looked accusingly at her. "Where are you going?" Jan pulled her arm away from him. "I don't know — I — I need some air, that's all. Let me go, Davey." He was smiling but it was a hard smile. "OK," he said. "Suit yourself. You must be nuts, or something. We were just about to have some food, too." But Jan didn't hear him. She was already at the door, leaving a Christmas gathering for the second time that day. (After M. Rodgers) 1 to starve to death умирать от голода 2 layabout [leiabaut] бездельник 3 incense ['inserts] ладан, фимиам 4 pot [pot] разг. марихуана 5 nuts [nAts] слэнг псих, чокнутый STEPMOTHER Iwas born at Number Nineteen, Tummill Street, London. My mother died when I was five years old. She died fifteen minutes after my sister Polly was born. As my father worked from morning till night, he had no time to look after Polly and me, so he married again soon. He married Mrs Burke, who was much younger and more good-looking than my mother. But I did not like my stepmother and she did not like me. So we began to hate each other; but she did not show her hatred when my father was at home. She beat me very often and she made me work very hard. From morning till night she found work for me to do. I looked after the baby. When she was awake, I took her for a walk, carrying her in my arms, and she was very heavy. I cleaned the rooms, went shopping, etc. There was always work for me to do. One day a woman came to see my stepmother and they drank a lot of gin. All the money that my father had left for our dinner was spent. When the woman went home, my stepmother said to me in tears, "Oh, what shall I do, Jimmy, dear, what shall I do? Your father will come home soon, and mere's no dinner for him. He will beat me cruelly! What shall I do, what shall I do?" I was sorry for her, she had tears in her eyes, and she called me "Jimmy, dear" for the first time. I asked her if I could help her and she said at once, "Oh, yes, you can help me! When your father comes home in the evening, Jimmy, dear, tell him that you lost the money he left for our dinner." "How could I lose it?" I asked in surprise. "You can tell him that I sent you to buy some food. Suddenly a big boy ran against you and the money fell out of your hand and you could not find it. That will be very easy to say, Jimmy, dear, please, say it to у our father!" "But he'll give me a good beating1 for it!" "Oh, no, he won't! I shall not let him beat you, you may be sure! Here is a penny for you, go and buy some sweets with it!" So I went off and spent my penny on sweets. When I came back and opened the door, my father was at home waiting for me with his waist-belt in his hand. I wanted to run out of the room, but he caught me by the ear. "Stop a minute, young man!" he said. "What have you done with the money?" "I lost it, Father," said I in fear and looked at my stepmother. "Oh, you lost it! Where did you lose it?" "In the street, Father. Ask Mrs Burke, she knows!" I told him what my stepmother had asked me to tell him. I was not much surprised that he did not believe my story. But my stepmother's words surprised me very much. "Yes, he told me the same thing," she said, "but he is a liar! He has spent your money on sweets. I can't beat him, he is your child, but you can give him a good beating!" And she stood by while my father beat me with his belt till the blood showed. I hated my stepmother so much now that I wanted to see her dead. (After J. Greenwood) 1 to give a good beating выпороть, устроить хорошую взбучку A NOTE ABOUT WITCHES In fairy-tales, witches always wear silly black hats and black cloaks, and they ride on broomsticks. But this is not a fairy-tale. This is about REAL WITCHES. The most important thing you should know about REAL WITCHES is this. Listen very carefully. Never forget what is coming next. REAL WITCHES dress in ordinary clothes and look very much like ordinary women. They live in ordinary houses and they work in ORDINARY JOBS. That is why they are so hard to catch. Luckily, there are not a great number of REAL WITCHES in the world today. But there are still quite enough to make you nervous. In England, there are probably about one hundred of them altogether. Some countries have more, others have not quite so many. No country in the world is completely free from WITCHES. A witch is always a woman. I do not wish to speak badly about women. Most women are lovely. But the fact remains that all witches are women. There is no such thing as a male witch. As far as children are concerned, a REAL WITCH is the most dangerous of all the living creatures on the earth. What makes her doubly dangerous is the fact that she doesn't look dangerous. Even when you know all the secrets (you will hear about those in a minute), you can still never be quite sure whether it is a witch you are looking at or just a kind lady. For all you know, a witch might be living next door to you right now. Or she might be the woman with the bright eyes who sat opposite you on the bus this morning. She might be the lady with the dazzling smile who offered you a sweet from a white paper bag in the street before lunch. She might even — and this will make you jump — she might even be your lovely school-teacher who is reading these words to you at this very moment. Look carefully at that teacher. Perhaps she is smiling at the absurdity of such a suggestion. Don't let that put you off. It could be part of her cleverness. I am not, of course, telling you for one second that your teacher actually is a witch. All I am saying is that she might be one. It is most unlikely. But — and here comes the big "but" — it is not impossible. Oh, if only there were a way of telling for sure whether a woman was a witch or not, we could round them all upand put them in the meat-grinder. Unhappily, there is no such way. But there are a number of little signals you can look out for, little quirky habits that all witches have in common, and if you know about these, if you remember them always, then you might just possibly manage to escape danger. (After R. Dahl) 1 they are so hard to catch их так трудно поймать 2 the fact remains факт остается фактом 3 As far as children are concerned [ken'S3:nd] Что касается детей 4 For all you know, a witch might be living next door to you Как знать, возможно, ведьма живет с вами по соседству 5 Don't let that put you off Это не должно сбить вас с толку 6 Oh, if only there were a way... Ax, если бы существовал способ... 7 to round [raund] up согнать в одно место, произвести облаву 8 meat-grinder ['mi:t,grainda] мясорубка 9 that all witches have in common зд. свойственные всем ведьмам THE SCHOOL-TEACHER Three months passed. Little by little Andrew got used to this strange town, surrounded by the mountains, and to the people most of whom worked in the mines. The town was full of mines, factories, churches and small dirty old houses. There was no theatre, not even a cinema the workers could go to after work. But Andrew liked the people. They spoke little and worked much. They liked football, and what was more interesting, they were fond of music, good classical music. He often heard the sound of a piano, coming from this or that house. It was clear to Andrew now, that Doctor Page would never see a patient again. Manson did all the work, and Mrs Page received all the money. She paid out to Manson less than one sixth of that — twenty pounds and sixteen shillings a month. Almost all of it Andrew sent to the University to pay his debt. But at that time the question of money was not important to him. He had a few shillings in his pocket to buy cigarettes and he had his work, and that was more than enough for him. He had to work hard and to think much for he saw now that the professors at his University had given him very little to know about practical medicine. He thought about all that walking in the direction of Riskin Street. There in Number 3 he found a small boy of nine years of age ill with measles. "I am sorry, Mrs Howells," Andrew said to the boy's mother. "But you must keep Idris home from school." (Idris was Mrs Howells' other son.) "But Miss Barlow says he may come to school." "Oh? Who is Miss Barlow?" "She is the teacher." "Miss Barlow has no right to let him come to school when his brother has measles," Andrew said angrily. Five minutes later he entered a classroom of the school. A very young woman of about twenty or twenty-two was writing something on the blackboard. She turned to him. "Are you Miss Barlow?" "Yes." Her large brown eyes were looking at him friendly. "Are you Doctor Page's new assistant?" Andrew reddened suddenly. "Yes," he said, "I'm Doctor Manson. You know Idris' brother has measles and so Idris must not be here." "Yes, I know, but the family is so poor and Mrs Howells is so busy. If Idris stays at home, he won't get his cup of milk. And, Doctor Manson, most of the children here have had measles already." "And what about the others? You must send that boy home at once." "Well, Doctor," she interrupted him suddenly. "Don't you understand that I'm the teacher of this class and here it's my word that counts?" "You can't have him here, Miss Barlow. If you don't send him home at once, I'll have to report you." "Then report me, or have me arrested if you like." She quickly turned to the class. "Stand up, children, and say: 'Good-bye, Doctor Manson. Thank you for coming.' " Before Andrew could say a word the door closed quietly in his face. (After A. Cronin) 1 mine шахта 2 ill with measles ['mi:zlz] больной корью 3 Howells ['haualz] 4 Idris ['aidris] 5 keep from school не пускать в школу 6 Barlow ['ba:leu] 7 here it's my word that counts зд. здесь я хозяйка 8 I'll have to report you. Мне придется заявить на вас в полицию. 9 have me arrested пусть меня арестуют 10 in his face зд. у него перед носом AN EXPLOSION AT NIGHT All that month Andrew worked from early morning till late at night. He loved his work. His patients were already almost well. The results of his work were even better than those of Denny's. The epidemic was coming to an end. On the tenth of November Denny suddenly rang him up. "Manson! I'd like to see you. Can you come to my place at three o'clock? It's important." "Very well. I'll be there!" On the way to Denny's house he saw Doctor Bramwell. "Ah, Manson, my boy! I'm so glad to see you." Andrew smiled. Doctor Bramwell, unlike Lewis, had been friendly towards Manson all that month. "Of course, we have all heard of your work with the typhoid cases, and we are proud of you, my dear boy. You must come to see us one evening." Andrew promised to come. When Andrew entered Denny's room, he saw immediately that something was wrong with Denny. He was very sad. After a moment he looked up. "One of my patients, a boy, died this morning," he said coldly. "And besides, I have two new typhoid cases. What shall we do?" Andrew stood at the door, hardly knowing what to say. "We have to do something about it," he began. "We must write to the Ministry of Health." "We could write a dozen letters but it won't help much, I tell you. No! There's only one way to make them build a new sewer." "How?" "Blow up the old one. And let's do it tonight!" "But there will be a lot of trouble if it becomes known." Denny looked up angrily. "You needn't take part in it if you don't want to." "I'll go with you," Andrew answered. He understood it was a crime, a dangerous game with the police. They might even strike him off at the very beginning of his beautiful career. Yet, he himself did not know why he could not refuse. At eleven o'clock that night Denny and he started in the direction of Glydar Street. It was very dark. There was nobody in the street. The town was sleeping. The two men moved quietly. In the pocket of his coat Denny had six small boxes of dynamite; each box had a hole in it, and a fuse." There was an electric torch in Andrew's hand. Soon they reached the first manhole of the sewer in Glydar Street. Andrew's heart was beating fast. It was very difficult for them to open the cover, but after a short struggle it was done. Andrew took the electric torch out of his pocket. They saw a dirty stream running on the broken stone floor. "Nice, isn't it?" Denny whispered. "Take a look at the terrible holes in the floor. Take a last look, Manson. People are dying because of this, but the Council doesn't want to do anything." No more was said. Andrew's hands trembled, but he worked quickly. They set fire to the fuses, then threw the boxes into the dirty stream, put the manhole cover back in its place and ran into the darkness. They heard an explosion, two, three, four, five and the last. "By God!" Andrew shouted. "We have done it, Denny." He felt it was the best moment in his life. He almost loved the other man now. They saw people running out of their houses and started walking home by the back ways. (After A. Cronin) 1 explosion [iks'plau3n] взрыв 2 epidemic [,epi'demik] эпидемия 3 unlike Lewis [1u:is] не в пример Льюису 4 typhoid ftaifoid] брюшной тиф 5 Ministry of Health Министерство здравоохранения 6 sewer ['sju:a] канализационная труба 7 Blow up the old one. Взорвать старую. 8 strike him off лишить звания врача 9 Glydar Street ['glaida stn:t] 10 dynamite fdamamait] динамит 11 fuse [fju:z] бикфордов шнур, фитиль 12 manhole ['maenhaul] люк 13 Council ['kaunsl] муниципальный совет 14 set fire to поджечь 15 by the back ways окольными путями ADVENTURE It was a fine night when Hubert climbed the steps of a bus. He was returning from the Tumbersomes, pleasant but dull people who were friends of his family. They had given him a fairly good dinner but they had left him dissatisfied. From the top of his bus which carried him along brilliantly-lighted but now deserted streets, Hubert sighed for adventure. There is something theatrical about these streets when the hour is approaching midnight. They suggest that at any moment the most unusual drama might begin. Hubert, a reader of fiction, a playgoer, a lover of film shows, always hoped that something mysterious, romantic would happen to him. But somehow it never did. In a few minutes, he would leave the bus, walk down one street and arrive at the little flat in which he lived with his friend, John Langton. They would make some tea, talk for about half-hour, and then go to bed. The evening would be over, finished, and the next morning he would go to the office. Meanwhile time was flying. Hubert was twentythree, and it seemed to him that he was nearly middle-aged. He looked around at the other passengers on the bus. It was difficult to see their faces, but they were dull, as usual. No men with scars stared at him, no beautiful girls with tears in their eyes asked for help. Then he saw a golden light which came from the coffee-stall at the corner. From fiction Herbert knew that there was something romantic about coffee-stalls. He decided to leave the bus at the corner. He went to the coffee-stall and ordered a cup of coffee and a piece of cake. There were only two or three men there. Hubert tried the coffee and found that it was hotter and more tasteless than ever. What a life! But at that moment a taxi came and stopped at the stall. The door opened and a man almost fell out of it. He came zigzagging over the stall and passing Hubert he pushed him so that his coffee and cake went flying. "Sorry, old man," said the newcomer. "Very, very sorry. What was it?" "It doesn't matter," Hubert told him. "I really didn't want that coffee." The man looked at him, laughing, "Then why order it, why pay for it, if you don't want it?" Hubert smiled and said, "Oh, I just stopped here — on my way home, you know —just for something to do." "Too early to go home, eh?" "Well, you know how you feel sometimes," said Hubert. The man patted Hubert on the shoulder. "I do. I feel like it all the time. Now I'll tell you what. You come with me, old man. I am just going to a little club. You come with me. I'll show you something." Hubert hesitated. The man was obviously drunk, and a visit to some night club in his company was not very attractive. "Well, I don't know..." he began. "The only thing is," said the man seriously, coming nearer, "can you keep a secret? That's important. If not, I can't invite you." This decided Hubert. There was a real adventure! So.he thanked the man, and agreed to accompany him. They got into the waiting taxi. In another minute they were moving along some dark and deserted street. (AfterJ. B.Priestley) 1 Hubert ['hju:bat] 2 Tumbersome [ЧлтЬэзэт] 3 But somehow it never did. Но это как-то никогда не случалось. 4 meanwhile f'mi:nwail] между тем 5 coffee-stall ['kofisto:!] кафе 6 went flying полетели (на поп) 7 I'll tell you what знаете что; послушайте меня 8 This decided Hubert. Это заставило Хьюберта решиться. UNDER THE DECK AWNINGS |