Английский язык. Учебные материалы
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Outstanding GeologistsOne of the first contributors to mining and geology was the great Russian scientist M.V. Lomonosov who connected the study of minerals and rocks with chemistry and physics, discovered and formulated the laws of mining ventilation and mining geometry. Among the most prominent geologists are A.P. Karpinsky, V.A. Obruchev, A.Y.Fersman, I.M. Gubkin and many others. Academician A.Y.Fersman ranks among those learning mineralogists who converted mineralogy from a purely descriptive science into a science based on the most fundamental chemical investigations. As the organizer of the Geochemical Institute in Moscow, academician A.Y.Fersman worked out the basic lines of the study of chemical elements and laid the foundation for the scientific surveying and prospecting for useful minerals. A number of scientific expeditions to different parts of the country were organized by him. He was the leader of the important investigations in the Kara-Kum Desert resulting in the discovery of big sulphur deposits, the construction of a large preparation plant for the processing of sulphur and sulphur products. Academician A.Y.Fersman led the expedition to Central Asia, the Urals, the Altai, the Caucasus and the Crimea. He is especially known for his detailed investigation of the Kola Peninsula which led to the discovery of enormous apatite deposits and the development of a mining-industrial region in the Khibiny Mountains where new towns came into being. 6) Составьте к тексту не менее четырех вопросов разного типа, чтобы они покрывали содержание. Вариант 2 1) Подчеркните местоимения в следующих предложениях. Переведите предложения на русский язык: 1. Our professor knows some foreign languages. 2. He has not any experience in mining as he is a first-year student now. 3. Those students study quite well. 4. Do you have any lectures in addition to practical classes on Saturday? 5. These rocks made up the crust of the Earth. 6. Somebody came to the laboratory. 7. Yesterday that group of students visited the concentration plant. 8. There was nobody in the laboratory. 2) Объясните употребление или отсутствие артиклей. Предложенияпереведите: 1. Hegetsastipend. 2. They are mining engineers. 3. Because of the overwhelming concentration of minerals in the north-eastern part of the USA. 4. Manufacturing is also concentrated there. 5. The problem of extracting geothermal energy is under consideration now. 6. Gas is not so convenient type of fuel as coal. 3) Подчеркните прилагательные. Переведите предложения на русский язык: 1. The oldest sedimentary rocks were known some 3,500 million years ago. 2. Peat and coal are the organic sediments which are of great practical value. 3. The most principal kinds of sedimentary rocks are conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone, shale, limestone and dolomite. 4. This time our group of geologists received better results in prospecting for mineral resources in the sea. 4) Переведите предложения на русский язык. Составьте вопросы к выделенным словам: 1. They were travelling in Europe for three weeks. 2. I am waiting for at the railway station now. 3. She will be translating this text for an hour or so. 4. Mr. Evans is writing a series of articles on the mining situation. 5) Переведите текст на русский язык со словарем: Famous Scientists in MiningAmong those who contributed to the development of mining are B.I. Boky, M.M.Protodyakonov, A.A. Scochinsky, N.V. Melnikov and others. Professor B.I.Boky’s name is associated with the solution of a number of significant technical problems in the mining industry of the country and with the whole trend in the development of the science of mining – the analytical method of designing new collieries. Credit for working out the theoretical principles of the exploration of deposits is due to Professor M.M.Protodyakonov. His most remarkable works are those concerning the problems of underground pressure and mine timbering. Professor M.M.Protodyakonov founded a school for the study of rock pressure and its influence on mine timbering. The leading organization in working out theoretical problems connected with mining in Russia is the Mining Institute of the Academy of Science named after Alexander Skochisky. A.A. Skochinsky’s deep interest in theoretical problems was always combined with wide engineering experience. He took an interest in mining aerology. He discovered the laws of the movement and control of the movement of air and gases underground. His works are devoted to localization, liquidation and prevention of underground fires. Academician N.V. Mechnikov is well known for his research in the field of open-cast mining not only of coal but also of ferrous and non-ferrous metals and other minerals. 6) Составьте к тексту не менее четырех вопросов разного типа, чтобы они покрывали содержание. 1) Подчеркните местоимения в следующих предложениях. Переведите предложения на русский язык: 1. Is this your geologic dictionary? – I am afraid, it is not mine. 2. His last work “Some words about the noosphere” comes off the press in 1944. 3. Everybody knows about Nikola Tesla’s works in electricity. 4. Anybody can join our scientific society. 5. These are metamorphic rocks and those are sedimentary ones. 6. None of the students miss the lectures of this professor. 7. Nobody can answer how the Earth came into being. 8. The local authorities did not want any social disturbance and feared to ignite an uncontrolled gold rush in the area populated by serfs. 2) Объясните употребление или отсутствие артиклей. Предложенияпереведите: 1. In 1813 a little girl KaterinaBogdanova found a gold nugget in the basin of the Neiva River (Mid-Urals) and brought it to a local official. 2. We are students. 3. In 1737 gold was on the northern coast of the White Sea, then, in 1733-35, in the Altay mountains (as a by-product in silver ores). 4. In 1803 the first gold deposit was found on the western slope of the Urals. 5. Torsvik, a professor at the University of Oslo in Norway, and Burke developed the conceptual ideas for this research. 6. Our approach is new, because it combines observations of the Earth's deep interior from seismology. 3) Подчеркните прилагательные. Переведите предложения на русский язык: 1. Smithsonian researchers also found large numbers of tiny diamonds when they were cutting a sample from the Allen Hills meteorite. 2. Oceanic plates are more likely candidates for subduction than continental plates because of their higher density. 3. Coal is a sedimentary rock, formed from plant debris deposited at Earth's surface. 4. The Cullinan I or Star Africa diamond is the largest cut diamond in the world. 4) Переведите предложения на русский язык. Составьте вопросы к выделенным словам: 1. Meteorologists are studying the atmospheric conditions now to predict the weather forecast for tomorrow. 2. Mining in the United Kingdom is producing a wide variety of fossil fuels, metals, and industrial minerals now. 3. There is evidence that mining was taking place in Wales during the Bronze Age, in approximately 2200-850 BC. 4. Alex is taking part in an extremely interesting project initiated by Pr. Green. 5) Переведитетекстнарусскийязыксословарем: Mikhail Lomonosov Russia's first world-famed specialist in natural science, a poet who laid down the foundations of Russian literary language and an advocate of education, Mikhail VasilievichLomonosov (1711-1765) will forever remain in the history of Russian science as "the first and the greatest." Aspiring to get an education, Lomonosov left his native village of Kholmogory in Northern Russia in 1730 and travelled all the way to Moscow on foot. The son of a poor fisherman, he had to conceal his origin in order to be admitted to the Slavonic-Greek-Latin Academy of Moscow, where he started his education at the age of 19. Recognized by his instructors as an excellent student, he completed his education in St. Petersburg and in Germany. He became the first Russian professor of chemistry at St. Petersburg Academy of Science in 1745. His major scientific accomplishment was in the field of physical chemistry, with other notable discoveries in astronomy, geophysics, geology, metallurgy and mineralogy. Mikhail Lomonosov was the one who created a system of higher education in Russia. The foundation of a university in Moscow became possible only due to the efforts of M. Lomonosov, the outstanding Russian scholar and scientist, a person of encyclopedic knowledge. In 1940 on the occasion of its 185th Anniversary, Moscow State University was named after him. 6) Составьте к тексту не менее четырех вопросов разного типа, чтобы они покрывали содержание. Вариант 4 1) Подчеркните местоимения в следующих предложениях. Переведите предложения на русский язык: 1. Do you have any practical training in addition to your lectures and practical classes? 2. He discovered that a body loses as much motion as it gives to another body. 3. Those experiments are hard to carry out. 4. Is there any additional information on the formation of the diamonds? – Nothing new. 5. This igneous rock is very common. 6. Trolls are everyone’s favorite bogey in Ireland and England. 7. If a dog goes inside a coal mine, someone who works in the mine will be killed (English miners’ superstition) 8. It was bad luck to enter a mine if you met a red headed woman on the way to work (common miners’ superstition). 2) Объясните употребление или отсутствие артиклей. Предложенияпереведите: 1. He works as a mining engineer. 2. In 2006, there were over 2,200 active mines, quarries, and offshore drilling sites on the continental land mass of the United Kingdom. 3. The United Kingdom is the fourth largest producer of natural gas in the world, after Russia, the United States, and Canada. 4. Diamonds are pure carbon and the hardest mineral of all. 5. The uranium mining area of Krasnokamensk is situated in Eastern Siberia. 6. Roman miners dug vertical shafts and horizontal galleries and adits. 3) Подчеркните прилагательные. Переведите предложения на русский язык: 1. The Cullinan was later cut into nine large stones and about 100 smaller ones. 2. The second largest stone, the "Star of Africa II" or "Cullinan II," is 317 carats. 3. As well as other numerous innovations in the life of Russia successful gold exploration and mining were introduced by Peter the Great. 4. Due to a greater Palladium to Platinum ratio of its ores, Russia is the world's leading palladium producer. 4) Переведите предложения на русский язык. Составьте вопросы к выделенным словам: 1. They were investigating the formation of diamonds at the moment. 2. The students will be taking their exams for two weeks in June. 3. They are working in the laboratory carrying out a very important experiment. 4. In few months he’ll be speaking fluently. 5) Переведите текст на русский язык со словарем: Mining Mining is the extraction of valuable minerals or other geological materials from the earth, from an orebody, lode, vein, (coal) seam or reef, which forms the mineralized horizon and package of economic interest to the miner. In 2005, Russia ranked among the leading world producers or was a significant producer of such mineral commodities as aluminum; arsenic; asbestos; bauxite; boron; cadmium; cement; coal; cobalt; copper; diamond; fluorspar; gold; iron ore; lime; lithium; magnesium compounds and metals; mica, sheet, and flake; natural gas; nickel; nitrogen; oil shale; palladium; peat; petroleum; phosphate; potash; rhenium; silicon, sulfur; titanium sponge; tin; tungsten; and vanadium. Following the mineral fuel industry, the next leading branch of the mineral industry, in terms of its contribution to the national economy was the metallurgical sector, which contributed 19% of the value of industrial production, accounted for 11.1% of the value of industrial capital stock, and employed 9.3% of the industrial labor force. In 2005, a total of 1,071,000people were employed in the mineral extraction sector and made up 1.6% of the country's labor force. Investment in mineral extraction and metallurgy accounted for about 20% of total investment in the Russian economy. 6) Составьте к тексту не менее четырех вопросов разного типа, чтобы они покрывали содержание. Контрольная работа № 3 Вариант 1 1) Обозначьте словообразовательные элементы в следующих словах. Словапереведите: 1. investigation, 2. founder, 3. highly, 4. external, 5. consolidate, 6. valuable, 7. sedimentary, 8. specific. 2) Подчеркните двойные союзы. Предложения переведите на русский язык: 1. Metamorphic rocks have been derived either from igneous or from sedimentary rocks. 2. Neither the thickness of overburden nor the angles of dip and strike were determined correctly. 3. The Moscow Mining Academy trains both mining engineers and technicians. 4. Both miners were highly skilled workers. 3) Употребите глагол ’tohave’ в нужной форме. Предложения переведите на русский язык: 1. They (to have) opened the new road. 2. She told me she (to have) never been to London before. 3. She is the best student in the group: she (to have) a good command of English. 4. They (to have) explored those coal deposits by the end of this month. 4) Подчеркните сказуемые в следующих предложениях. Предложения переведите на русский язык и к предложениям в страдательном залоге задайте общий вопрос: 1. Students course is designed on a modular basis. 2. The modern equipment is effective. 3. The decomposition of rocks under the direct influence of heat and cold is called physical weathering. 4. Mineral fuels are organic materials accumulated in the geologic past. 5. Using modern mining equipment allowed the miners to increase the output of coal. 6. Core-drilling is used in prospecting for loose rocks. 7. Explosives are used for excavating hard rocks. 8. The thickness of ore deposits is a constant value. 5) Подчеркните модальные глаголы и их заменители в следующих предложениях. Предложенияпереведитенарусскийязык: 1. Coal beds may consist of different bands of varying thickness. 2. It should be noticed that the theory of prospecting and exploration is a link connecting specialists in two fields of mining: the exploration geologist and the mining engineer. 3. Bituminous coals cannot be stored in open piles. 4. Mining can be done either as a surface operation or by an underground method. 5. I have to study hard to become a highly qualified mining engineer. 6. Surveyor must be very attentive an accurate. 7. They will be able to work as mining engineers in five years. 8. We are to pass our exams at the end of each term. 6) Переведите текст на русский язык со словарем: |