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UNIT 1. CIVIL CODE OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION1. Ответьте на вопросы, используя следующие выражения.I presume Я предполагаю As far as I can judge Насколько я могу судить In my opinion По моему мнению First, I must say (that) Сначала Well, perhaps Возможно I believe Я думаю Actually На самом деле In accordance with В соответствие с Most un(likely) Скорее всего (маловероятно) What relations are regulated by the Civil Code of the Russian Federation? What is the Civil Code of the Russian Federation based on? What is the characteristic feature of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation? TEXT 1Civil LegislationVocabulary impermissiblty – недопустимость permissibility – допустимость to permiss – разрешать, допускать arbitrary – произвольный, дискреционный unimpeded exercise – беспрекословное исполнение to exercise a law rights – пользоваться законными правами extent – степень to acertain extent – до некоторой степени in accordanc e with – в соответствии ownership – совместная собственность, право собственности, владение right sin rem – вещные (абсолютные)права individualized creativity – творчество entrepreneurial activities – предпринимательская деятельность 14.undertaking – предпринимательство to undertak e – предпринимать, брать на себя ответственность, гарантировать performance of work–исполнение работы capacity – способность, правоспособность, дееспособность, должностное положение, компетенция inaliable – неотчуждаемый 2. Прочитайте и переведите текст.Article 1. Foundation Principles of Civil Legislation Civil legislation is founded on the recognition of the equality of participants in the relations which regulate the inviolability of property, the freedom of contract, the impermissibility of arbitrary interference by anyone whomsoever in private matters, the necessity for unimpeded exercise of civil law rights, and securing the restoration of violated rights as well as their defence in the courts of law. Citizens (physical persons) and legal persons acquire and exercise law rights through their own free will and in their own interest. They are free in establishing their rights and responsibilities on the basis of a contract and in determining the conditions of the contract to the extent that such conditions do not contradict legislation. Civil law rights may be limited on the basis of federal law and only to the extent that is necessary for purposes of defending the foundations of constitutional order, public morality, health, or the rights and lawful interests of other persons, or ensuring national defence and the security of the state. Goods, services and capital shall vote freely throughout the entire territory of the Russian Federation. Limitations on the movement of goods and services may be imposed in accordance with federal law, if such is necessary for ensuring public safety, defending the life and health of persons, protecting the environment and cultural treasures. Article 2. Relations Regulated by Civil LegislationCivil legislation determines the legal status of participants in civil law relations, the grounds for the creation and procedure for the exercise of the rights of ownership and other rights in rem, rights to the result of intellectual activities and similar forms of individualized creativity (intellectual rights) regulates contractual and other obligations, as well as other property and related personal (nonmaterial) relations, based on equality, autonomy of will and proprietary independence of their participants. Citizens (physical persons) and legal persons are the participants in relations regulated by civil legislation. The Russian Federation, subjects of the Russian Federation and municipal formations may also participate in relations which are regulated by civil legislation. Civil legislation regulates relations between persons engaged in entrepreneurial activities or participating in such activities, based on the fact that entrepreneurial activities are independent activities undertaken at one’s own risk and directed at the systematic making of profit from the use of property, sale of goods, performance of work or provision of services by persons registered in this capacity in accordance with the procedure stipulated by law. Rules established by civil legislation are applicable to relations involving the participation of foreign citizens, stateless persons and foreign legal persons, unless otherwise provided by federal law. Inalienable human rights and freedoms and other nonmaterial values are protected by civil legislation, unless otherwise indicated by the nature of these nonmaterial values. Civil legislation is not applicable to property relations based on administrative or other governmental subordination of one party to another, including tax and other administrative relations, unless otherwise provided by legislation. Переведите следующие словосочетания на русский язык.inviolability of property restoration of violated rights to contradict legislation legal status of participants entrepreneurial activities profitmaking stateless persons 8 ) inalienable human rights and freedoms tax and other administrative relations proprietary independence foundations of constitutional order Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующим словосочетаниям.недопустимость произвольного вмешательства осуществление права собственности обеспечение обороны страны вещные права договорные отношения выполнение работ процесс, предусмотренный законом законные интересы интеллектуальные права неимущественные отношения Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.What comprises the foundation of Civil Legislation? How do physical persons and legal persons acquire and exercise civil law rights? In what cases may civil rights be limited? What provision is analogous to the interstate commerce clause in American constitutional law? What does civil legislation determine? Who are the participants in relations regulated by civil legislation? What does civil legislation regulate? How are rules established by civil legislation applied? How are inalienable human rights and freedoms protected? Соотнесите слова и словосочетания из колонки А с их значениями из колонки В. A B
Замените русские словосочетания в скобках на соответствующие английские эквиваленты из текста. Civil legislation (основывается на) the recognition of the equality of participants in the definite kinds of relations. They are free in establishing (своих прав и обязанностей) on the basis of a contract and (в определении условий договора) to the extent that such conditions (не противоречат законодательству). Goods and services (свободно перемещаются на всей территории Российской Федерации). The Russian Federation (субъекты и муниципальные образования) may also participate in relations which are regulated by civil legislation. Rules established by civil legislation (применяются к отношениям с участием) foreign citizens, stateless persons and foreign legal persons. (Неотчуждаемые права и свободы человека) and other nonmaterial values are protected by civil legislation. Civil legislation is not applicable to property relations (основанных на административном или ином властном подчинении) of one party to another. Найдите в тексте “Civil Legislation” соответствующие английские предложения.Граждане (физические лица) и юридические лица осуществляют свои гражданские права своей волей и в своих интересах. Гражданские права могут быть ограничены на основании федерального закона. Ограничения перемещения товаров и услуг могут вводиться в соответствии с федеральными законами. Участниками регулируемых гражданских законодательных отношений являются граждане и юридические лица. Правила, установленные гражданским законодательством, применяются к отношениям с участием иностранных граждан, лиц без гражданства и иностранных физических лиц. Неотчуждаемые права и свободы человека и другие нематериальные блага защищаются гражданским законодательством. 9. Самостоятельная работа.Прочитайте раздел Гражданского кодекса РФ об основных положениях гражданского законодательства и отношениях, регулируемых ими. Ответьте на вопросы. Does Article 2 “Relations regulated by civil legislation” embrace the whole sphere of individualized creativity and nonmaterial relations? What does Civil legislation consist of and how are its provisions implemented? What is the effect of Civil legislation? How do you understand the notion “business custom”? What is meant by “application of civil legislation by analogy”? How does Civil legislation correlate with International Law? 10. На основе текста Civil Legislation” подготовьте презентацию на тему: General provisions of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation. |