Владимира Дмитриевича Аракина одного из замечательных лингвистов России предисловие настоящая книга

• Название: Владимира Дмитриевича Аракина одного из замечательных лингвистов России предисловие настоящая книга
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NON-FINITE FORMS OF THE VERB

(To Units Seven—Nine)

The Infinitive

85. Comment on the forms of the infinitives:

1. Lady Franklin was horrified at herself. To have asked his name, to have been told his name, and to have forgotten it! 2. She seemed to be paying no attention to what was going round her. 3. He suddenly awoke from his queer trance, there was a decision to be made. 4. Good-bye, Mr. Jackson. Glad to have been of service to you. 5.1 say, don't you think you ought to be going? 6. He was very tired, and to have been caught napping had irritated him and hurt his pride. 7. There are a great many things to be taken into consideration. 8. Judging from the books and papers on the writing-table he must have been working since they left him in the morning. 9. She told them to take off their shoes so that their footsteps could not be heard in the flat below. 10. "We are very sorry to have disturbed you," began Peter. 11. I want you to promise me you won't talk to Antonia about that sort of things. 12. That woman is still sitting. She seems to have been waiting over an hour. 13. Well, funny things seem to be happening. 14. To have been so happy and not to have known it! 15. There was nothing to be done, but to wait for the next express, which was due at four.

86. Supply the missing forms of the following infinitives:

to have been done, to be spoken to, to curl, to be breaking, to have nodded, to drive, to be ruined, to be rubbing, to land, to be spoken to, to turn, to have been sleeping, to be got, to be running, to have been read, to be said, to arrive, to be telling, to play

87. Use the appropriate foia» of the infinitives in brackets:

1. I'm so dreadfully sorry (to bother) you in this stupid way. 2. He kept late hours last night, he may still (to sleep). 3. "She must (to be) very beautiful years ago," Maren thought. 4. It's a secret, and no one else must (to tell). 5. Good-bye. So pleased (to meet) you. 6. He's a talented engineer. He's supposed (to work) at a new invention. 7. Oh, my Margaret, my daughter. You should never (to go). It was all your father's fault. 8. She seems (to work) at her course paper since spring and says she has still a lot (to do). 9. I've just seen him passing the entrance door, so he can't (to work) at the laboratory as you say. 10. The next morning he seemed (to forget) it all. 11. It ought (to do) long ago; at least before their leaving Blackstable. 12. She seemed at times (to seize) with an uncontrolled irritation and would say sharp and wounding things. 13. You probably think that I must (to live) a very gay life in France, but it wasn't so. 14. No words can describe it: it must (to see).

88. Translate these sentences Into English, paying attention to the form of the infinitive:

1. Мэгги пожалела, что не предупредила родителей о том, что задержится. 2. Я была довольна, что посмотрела еще одну пьесу Островского. 3. Дети были счастливы, оттого что их взяли в цирк. 4. Этот вальс заставил его вспомнить молодость. 5. Мне бы хотелось, чтобы этот текст записали на пленку еще раз. 6. Не может быть, чтобы он все еще сидел в читальном зале. Наверное, он уже ушел. 7. Она, должно быть, все еще гостит у своих друзей на даче. 8. Неужели она на вас рассердилась? 9. Я очень рад, что проводил их на станцию. 10. Как мне повезло, что я побывала на этом спектакле. 11. Ваша следующая задача заключается в том, чтобы поставить этот эксперимент в нашей лаборатории. 12. Посмотрите на него! Он наверняка решает какую-то важную задачу. 13. Вряд ли они запомнили мой адрес. Они случайно заходили ко мне как-то вместе с моим братом. 14. Об этом печальном событии не следует упоминать в ее присутствии. Она может разволноваться, а у нее больное сердце. 15. Кажется, они ждут, чтобы им дали необходимые указания, связанные с выполнением этого задания.

89. Put to where necessary before the infinitives:

1. The teacher made me ... repeat it all over again. 2. You needn't... ask for permission, I let you ... take my books whenever you like. 3. Will you help me ... move the table? 4. He is expected ... arrive in a few days. 5. You seem ... know these places very well. 6. You had better ... make a note of it. 7. I heard the door ... open and saw a shadow ... move across the floor. 8. He told me ... try ... do it once again. 9. I'd rather ... walk a little before going to bed. 10. There is nothing... do but ... wait till somebody comes ... let us out. 11. You ought not... show your feelings. 12. Why not ... wait a little longer? 13. I felt her ... shiver with cold. 14. We should love you... stay with us. 15. You are not ... mention this to anyone. 16. We got Mother ... cut up some sandwiches. 17. Rose wanted them ... stop laughing, wanted the curtain ... come down. 18. I'll have ... go there. 19. There doesn't seem ... be anything wrong with you. 20. She helped me ... get over my fear. 21. Look here, Jane, why ,.. be so cross? 22. He was seen ... make a note of it. 23. What made you ... deceive me? 24. He was not able ... explain anything.

90. Translate the following sentences into Russian, paying attention to the use of the particle to, which implies the verb already mentioned:

1. He hadn't wanted to laugh then, nor did he want to now. 2. You needn't say anything if you don't want to. 3. Michael knew a lot, or seemed to. 4. Well, let's forget it, shall we? — I'm glad to, thanks very much. 5. She always kept her mouth shut when told to. 6. It was my fault. I'm sorry. I didn't want to, I didn't mean to. 7.1 know I should have come to you and told you about it, but I was afraid to. 8. I'd be glad to see you. Come any time you like. — Darling, you know I long to. But I can't. 9. You can't send that letter. —-1 am certainly going to, by air-mail from Port Said. 10. I couldn't do what I wanted to.

91. Respond to the following questions or statements, using the phrases from the list in brackets:

1. They say you read a lot. 2. Why didn't you invite them? 3. Will you write a letter to her? 4. Why can't you go with us? 5. I'm afraid you can't come. 6. I see you haven't bought any oranges. 7, You must take more care of it. 8. She says you are going to help her. 9. Why didn't you dance with him? 10. You didn't sign your tesj paper.

(Nor so much as I used to; I simply didn't want to; Yes, if you wish me to; But Г11 try to; Гт not allowed to; I mount to, but I forgot; Yes, I ought to; I suppose I'll have to; He didn't ask me to; No, I forgot to.)

92. Complete the following, using the infinitive

a) as subject:

1. ... would be unjust. 2. ... was very pleasant, 3. ... is the only thing to do. 4. ... would be much more useful. 5. ... is not an easy matter.

b) as predicative:

1. My hobby is ... . 2. The best way to master a foreign language is v.. . 3. The next thing to be done is ... . 4. Our aim was ... . 5. To say so means ... . 6. His only wish is ... .

c) as object:

1. He asked ... . 2. In the kindergarten children are taught ... . 3. I am so glad ... . 4. We are awfully sorry ... . 5. The doctor advised ... . 6. The child is afraid ... . 7. I've clean forgotten ... . 8. Everybody promised ... . 9. Would you like ... ? 10. Who has allowed you ... ? 11. Aunt Polly instructed Jim ... .

d) as attribute;

1. He was always the first ... . 2. We have nothing .... 3. This is a chance ... . 4. Benny has no friends ... . 5. He is not a man ... . 6. She made an attempt ... . 7. Is there anybody ... ? 8. He always finds something ... . 9. This is the information .... 10. He spoke of his wish ... .

e) as adverbial modifier of purpose:

1. He came immediately ... . 2. We'll stay after the lecture ... . 3. They stopped ... . 4. Write down this rule ... . 5. I've opened the door ... . 6. He stepped aside politely .... 7. ... you must work hard. 8. The boy ran out....

f) as adverbial modifier of result:

1. She was too frightened .... 2. The article is too difficult ... . 3. The fence is high enough ... . 4. The baby is too restless ... . 5. The weather is warm enough ... . 6. We are too busy ... . 7. She was grown-up enough ... . 8. The night was too dark... .

93. Replace the subordinate clauses by attributive infinitives:

1. There weren't many children in the neighbourhood who we could play with. 2. He fell asleep with full determination that he would go and see for himself. 3. He is a man one can trust. 4. We didn't know the way to the station, and there wasn't anyone who we could ask. 5. He was the first person who came to the bar and the last who left it. 6. It isn't a thing you can joke about. It's a serious matter. 7.He will always find something that makes him laugh at. 8. They decided that it was a nice little town where they could live quietly for a while. 9. He's not a man who you can easily frighten. 10. There's nothing that we might discuss now. Everything is settled. 11. He was the first man who guessed what George was driving at. 12. No doubt it was the best time when lie could find them all at home. 13. A good housewife will always find something that must be done about the house. 14. The old general wanted nothing but a grandson who he could dandle on his knee.

94. Make up sentences, using the following phrases with attributive infinitives:

a lot to do, no time to lose, a passage to translate, a man to trust, a rale to remember, the work to do, the distance to cover, a chance not to be missed, a nice town to live in, an easy person to deal with, nobody to speak to, nothing to trouble about, mistakes to be corrected, nobody to rely on, nothing to be afraid of, a poem to learn, the first to break the silence, the last to hand in the test.

95. Translate these sentences into English, using attributive infinitives:

1. Это как раз хороший случай помириться с ними. 2. Мне не у кого попросить совета. 3. Вот свежая роза, которую ты можешь приколоть к волосам. 4. Это было неподходящее время для перерыва. 5. Сомневаюсь, есть ли здесь кто-либо, с кем можно было бы поговорить об этом деле. 6. Мне дали текст, который я должен был перевести без словаря. 7. Не о чем спорить. Мы практически говорим об одном и том же. 8. Он как раз подходящий человек, чтобы заполнить вакансию. 9. Вот ключ, которым открывается ящик конторки. 10. Вопрос, который будет обсуждаться на нашем собрании, очень важен, на мой взгляд. 11. Я не вижу тряпки, которой стирают с доски. 12 Это как раз подходящая книга для чтения перед сном. 13. Мы уезжаем завтра утром, а у нас еще куча дел. 14. Он отвечал первым. 15. Нельзя было терять время, и Телегин выпрыгнул через окно на крышу соседнего дома. 16. Тут и понимать нечего, все очень просто. 17. Несмотря на желание сказать.что-нибудь веселое (cheering), он смог только робко улыбнуться. 18. Он с сожалением понял, что ничего нельзя было сделать.

96. Point out Infinitives of result and translate the sentences into Russian:

1. I intended to use the opportunity, it was too good to be missed. 2. When I left the Post Office I found that I was too late to catch the London train. 3. It was getting too hot to work and we decided to have a break. 4. Dixon was clever enough to avoid talking on this subject with Welch. 5. Michael considered Jonny to be too young to be drawn into their religious community. 6. She was woman enough not to forget to powder her hose even at that critical moment. 7. His case is such as not to be helped. 8. He turned to Margaret to find her in conversation with Carol Goldsmith. 9. He heard a loud knock at the front door and opened it to see a stranger in a shabby raincoat. 10. She liked to be kind to people and used to give promises to forget them at once. 11. He went quickly to the bathroom, and returned to find Murphy sitting beside his bed. 12.1 wish I were strong enough to help you, my boy.

97. Paraphrase the following sentences so as to use infinitives of result:

Examples: 1. The storm was so strong that I couldn't go out. The storm was too strong (for me) to go out.

2. The text is so short that it can be translated in an hour.

The text is short enough to be translated in an hour.

1. It was so dark that he could see nothing before him. 2. You are so experienced, you ought to know better. 3. She was so excited that she couldn't utter a word. 4. He was so angry, he wouldn't speak to me. 5. His English vocabulary is very poor; he can't make himself understood. 6. She knows English so well that she can read Somerset Maugham in the original. 7. Mr. Burton was so cruel that he could send a man to death. 8. The story "A Friend in Need" is so tragic, it can't be merely ironical. 9. The man was so down and out that he could not get a decent job. 10. The man was not very strong and so was unable to swim the distance. It was very late, nobody could save him.

98. Translate the sentences into English, using infinitives of result:

1. Он достаточно умен, чтобы понять это. 2. Течение было таким сильным, что он не мог проплыть вокруг маяка. 3. Рассказ был слишком захватывающим, чтобы не дочитать его до конца. 4. Ее произношение было слишком правильным, чтобы быть естественным. 5. Он был так взбешен, что одного слова было бы достаточно, чтобы свести его с ума. 6. Я просмотрел две главы и (в результате) нашел только пять подходящих примеров. 7. На следующее утро она проснулась и обнаружила, что она одна во всем доме. 8. После длительного путешествия он вернулся домой и понял, что в гостях хорошо, а дома лучше. 9. Он прошел через все комнаты и (в результате) увидел только кошку на кухне. Квартира была пуста. 10. Она открыла дверь кабинета и увидела, что отец ходит взад и вперед в сильном гневе. 11. Время от времени он просыпался и тут же снова засыпал. 12. После долгого отсутствия она вернулась домой и поняла, что ничего не изменилось: они не простили ее. 13. В который раз обдумав ситуацию, он понял, что выхода нет. 14. Она открыла дверь и увидела, что все уже собрались и ждут ее.

99. State the functions of infinitives in the following sentences:

1. He came into the room to shut the windows. 2. He seemed to know all about influenza and said there was nothing to worry about. 3. Do you want me to read to you? 4. I made a note of the time to give the various capsules. 5. They said the boy had refused to let anyone come into the room. 6. You can't come in. You mustn't get what I have. 7. Don't make me laugh. 8. It took me about five minutes to work out how much a suit at nine and a half guineas would cost. 9. The British Museum is much too big to be seen in an hour or so. 10. Father decided to take a holiday from his office so as to help in celebrating the day. 11. It was necessary to make it in a day, just on Monday. 12. She was sitting near enough to see his face. 13. That's how I used to be myself. 14. A railway station is the most difficult of all places to act in. 15. I think the best way to get a general idea of a country-is to study the map. 16. If he couldn't get something to do he'd have to commit suicide. 17. You may fail in your English if you go on like that. 18. It's true there was no scenery to stare at, but the costumes and make-up, the light and sound effects helped the audience to concentrate on the dialogue and the acting. 19. It seemed a privilege to lend anything to him. 20. Thank you for your very kind invitation to visit you and stay with you. 21. It made our mouths water to hear him talk about such tasty things.

100. Translate the sentences into English, using infinitives:

I. С ней приятно разговаривать. 2. Вопрос был слишком сложный, чтобы обсудить его за час. 3. Я рад, что узнал правду. 4. Ты бы лучше не надоедал ему своими глупыми вопросами. 5. Этот вопрос слишком сложен, чтобы она могла решить его одна. 6. Он не такой человек; от которого можно ожидать помощи. 7. Было бы лучше убедить его работать, чем принуждать его. 8. Мы очень довольны, что видели этот спектакль. 9. Кажется, дети уже забыли об этом печальном событии. 10. Вам следовало бы предупредить меня заранее. 11, Я молчала, так как мне нечего было сказать. 12. Они обещали мне помочь подготовиться к приему гостей. 13. Номер его телефона легко запомнить. 14. Этот человек сидит здесь, должно быть, около часа. Кого бы это он мог ждать? 15. Вы помните, кто первый вошел в комнату? 16. Вряд ли он тот человек, который даст вам интересующие вас сведения. 17. Мы сделали вид, что не заметили его ошибки, чтобы не смущать его. 18. Главное в том, как заставить ее поверить нам и послушаться нашего совета.

101. Paraphrase the following sentences, making the object of the infinitive the subject of the sentence:

Examples: l. It is hard to please him. He is hard to please.

2. It is pleasant to look at her. She is pleasant to look at.

1. It is not difficult to remember the rule. It is simple. 2. It's very comfortable to sit in my Grandfather's armchair. 3. She's a kind person. It's easy to deal with her. 4. He's very stubborn. It's difficult to persuade him. 5. It's not very easy to translate this passage. It contains some idiomatic expressions. 6. It is pleasant to look at the girl, but not at all pleasant to talk to her. She's pretty, but not very clever. 7. It was unpleasant to watch their quarrel. 8. It's always funny to listen to his stories. 9. It would be useful to follow Uncle Jack's advice. 10. It's not so very easy to answer this question.

102. Make up sentences, using the following adjectives with infinitives (follow the examples of the previous exercise):

easy to deal with, difficult to understand, pleasant to look at, hard to please, useful to remember, amusing to watch, easy to answer, uncomfortable to sit on, easy to follow, difficult to avoid, pleasant to talk to, not far to seek, not easy to find.

103. Point out the Complex Object and the Complex Subject with the Infinitive. Translate the sentences into Russian:

1. The pills my doctor has given me make me feel rather odd. 2. I want you to say to yourself that he died a gallant death in the service of his country, and we must be proud of him. 3.1 had seen my father leave the house that very morning. 4. Just as he was falling into unconsciousness he heard his door open and quickly shut. 5. George was sure that fresh air and exercise would make us sleep well. 6. I've never known a chap spend so much time on radiograms. 7. I thought it to be the signal to start. 8. We didn't expect him to come back so soon and were wondering what had happened. 9. She felt somebody touch her gently by the hand. 10. I'd like it to be done as quietly as possible, without attracting anybody's attention, 11. She didn't seem to notice his unfriendly tone. 12. The number to which I had been directed turned out to be a house standing a little by itself, with its back to the river. 13. "He appears to be asleep, my lady," said the butler. 14. Lady Franklin seemed to expect an answer. 15. The boy was made to repeat his story twice. 16. Professor Lee was expected to join the expedition in North Africa, but he had fallen ill. 17. He was heard to say that it would rain and ordered the door to the balcony to be shut. 18.1 looked at the house with suspicious curiosity, and it seemed to be looking back at me. 19. He is said to have been a sailor in his youth. 20. You're not likely to keep us company, Jim, are you?

104. Translate the sentences into English, using the Complex Object or the Complex Subject:

1. Его заставили обратиться к врачу. 2. Оказывается, он ничего об этом не слышал. 3. Кажется, вы расстроены. Что-нибудь случилось? 4. Я никогда не видела, как танцует Джейн Бак. 5. Я спала и не слышала, как они ушли. 6. Родители всегда хотят, чтобы их дети выросли честными людьми. 7. Я считаю, что это было несправедливо с вашей стороны. 8. Кто позволил вам распоряжаться моими вещами? 9. Он почувствовал, как силы возвращаются к нему. 10. Ничто не могло заставить его изменить принятое решение. 11. Ожидается, что зима в этом году будет суровая. 12. Я случайно услышала последнюю фразу, сказанную вами. 13. Они наверняка поженятся. 14 Я хочу, чтобы мы все встретились еще раз. 15. Она почувствовала, что кто-то дотронулся до ее плеча. 16. Она внимательно наблюдала за тем, как прыгают другие гимнастки. 17. Маловероятно, что он выздоровеет к понедельнику. 18. Не позволяйте детям играть со спичками. 19. Оказалось, что мы уже знакомы. 20. Она побледнела, и я почувствовала, как она вздрогнула.

105. Replace the clauses in the following sentences with infinitive phrases:

1. I should be delighted if I could get acquainted with the captain of your team. 2. He was annoyed wiien he learnt that they hadn't chosen him as a player for the Ail-Union match. 3.1 was sorry that I had missed the beginning of the match. 4. We must wait till we hear the referee's whistle, then we'll see the teams coming out. 5. They wouldn't be surprised if they were to receive an invitation to play in a tennis match with the fellows from our college. 6. You would be foolish if you missed the chance. 7. I'm pleased that I've been of some service to you. 8. She turned to me as if she was going to ask me something. 9. We are happy that we have won, it was a difficult match. 10. I was sorry when I heard of their failure. 11. I'm sorry that I've been of so little assistance. 12. He pressed his finger to his lips as if he wanted to warn her.

106. Comment on the infinitive phrases and translate the sentences into Russian:

A. 1. He held the door open for her to get in. 2. How nice of you to know my voice! Am I disturbing you? 3. It was kind of you to come, but you must go now. 4. "Three weeks and two days, my lady," Leadbitter replied. "How nice of you to have counted the days!" said Lady Franklin. 5. "It's nice of you to have come," came his voice from the bed. 6. I think the best thing would be for you to see him for yourself. 7. It's too late for the children to go out.

B. 1. I have something so important to tell you that I hardly know how to say it. 2. I'm not quite sure whether to join them or not. 3. When to start is to be decided yet. 4. He hesitated what to say next. 5. I didn't know which book to choose. 6. Tell me who to invite. 7. The question is where to hide it.

C. 1. And to tell you the truth I'm glad to have a companion myself. 2. To be frank, no other house in the town was as popular as theirs. 3. He will be a little late, to be sure, and Ann will be grumbling. 4. To cut a long story short, everything ended to her delight.

107. Paraphrase, using "for-phrases" with infinitives:

1. She held out the telegram so that I might see it. 2. It's quite natural that you should think so. 3. The first thing he must do is to ring them up. 4. Let us wait till they settle this matter. 5. This is a problem you should solve all by yourself. 6.1 shall bring you the article that you may read. 7. I gave an umbrella to the children lest they should get wet through. 8. I've put on weight. I can't wear this dress any longer. 9. It is unbelievable that a man should go so far beyond his limit. 10. He spoke loudly so that everyone might hear him. 11. There is nothing that I may add. 12. It is very unusual that he should have said such a thing. 13. It's high time you knew Grammar well. 14. This is a boy you can play with.

108. Complete the following, using a suitable infinitive phrase:

1. Can you advise me...? 2. I can't make up my mind ... . 3. She hesitated ... . 4. I am at a loss ... .5. The trouble is ... . 6. ... is the first thing to decide. 7. His chief difficulty was ... . 8. I didn't know.... 9. Show me .... 10. Nobody could tell... .

109. Make up sentences, using the following infinitive phrases parenthetically:

1. to cut a long story short; 2. to put it mildly; 3. to crown all; 4. to tell you the truth; 5. to say the least of it; 6. to say nothing of ...; 7. to begin with; 8, to judge by her appearance.

110. Translate the sentences into English, using infinitives:

1. Вам лучше сегодня не выходить. Вы можете простудиться. 2. Я часто слышу, как вы выступаете на студенческих диспутах. 3. Вы сами слышали, как он это сказал. 4 Вам было бы полезно больше заниматься физкультурой. 5. Он знал, что его присутствие обязательно, но не мог заставить себя войти. 6. Слышали, как она сказала, что никому из них нельзя доверять. 7. Он, должно быть, читал этот роман совсем недавно. Он помнит множество подробностей. 8. Едва ли она знает, что сказать об этом. 9. Трудность в том, где достать эту редкую книгу. 10. Я недостаточно хорошо его знаю, чтобы говорить с ним об этом. 11. Она не любит, когда дверь ее комнаты закрыта. 12. Рад познакомиться с вами. 13. Рад, что познакомился с вами. 14. Некого было спросить, и нам пришлось ждать. 15. Почему не пойти погулять? Погода чудесная. 16. Говорят, видели, что он вошел в дом, но никто не видел, чтобы он вышел. 17. Она, кажется, разучивает упражнения на пианино (to practise) все утро. 18. Бен говорил первым. 19. Они, кажется, еще не уехали. 20. Мне надо о многом с вами поговорить. 21. Мы не ожидали, что он сам это сделает. 22. Она слишком легкомысленна, чтобы принять это всерьез. 23. Не может быть, чтобы это было сделано за столь короткий срок. 24. Ему не так-то просто угодить.