Part II TECHNICAL DRAWING Read the text and fill in the gaps with the following words:
technical drawing
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discipline
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clearly
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technical drawings
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graphiccommunication
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provides
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idea
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drafter
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drawing
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Computer Aided Design
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engineering drawing
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design engineers
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form
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‘Technical drawing’ is the (1) __________ of creating standardized (2) __________ by architects, CAD drafters, (3)__________ , and other professionals. Technical drawing includes the various fields and technologies (such as electronics), which has in turn revolutionized the art with new tools in the form of (4) __________ . This system is known as CAD.
A technical drawing or (5) __________ is a type of (6) __________ and form of (7)__________ , used in the transforming of an (8) __________ into physical (9) __________. This type of drawing is used to fully and (10) __________ define requirements for engineered items, and is usually created in accordance with standardized conventions for layout, nomenclature, interpretation, appearance (such as typefaces and line styles), size, etc.
The process of creating a technical drawing is called drafting. A person who does drafting is known as a (11)__________ . Sometimes this person is called a drafting technician or a draftsperson. A (12) __________ differs from a common drawing by how it is interpreted. A common drawing can hold many purposes and meanings, while a technical drawing (13) __________a clear understanding of all specifications of an object or objects.
COMPUTER AIDED DESIGN (CAD)
Read the text and fill in the gaps with the following words:
product
two dimensions
Computer Aided Design
drawings
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computer technology
Drafting
engineering
drawn
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communication
three dimensions
improve
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Today, the mechanics of drafting has largely been automated and accelerated through the use of (1) __________ systems. Computer-aided design is the use of (2) __________ in order to (3) __________ the design of a (4) __________ . It is both a visual (‘drawing’) and symbol-based method of (5) __________ among professionals.
(6) __________ can be done in two ways: (7) __________ and (8) __________ , known as “2D” and “3D”. Drafting is not only the way of communication by technical or (9) __________ drawings but is also the industrial art. In representing complex, three-dimensional objects in two-dimensional (10) __________ , these objects have traditionally been (11) __________ by three projected views at right angles.
PartIII
(… адрес интернет-странички с видеороликами…)
BASIC DRAWING BOARD TECHNIQUES
(02:37)
PRE-LISTENING
Do you know the words:
“label”, “heading”, “capital letter” (“capitals”)?
2. What drawing equipment do you know?
WHILE-LISTENING
Listen to the whole text without video and answer the following questions:
The text is:
a. a list of drawing equipment,
b. instructions on basic drawing,
c. history of drawing.
How many parts can you divide the text into?
Listen to the parts of the text and answer the following questions:
00:00 – 00:22
What equipment is mentioned in the text?
What equipment is mentioned in the text but wasn’t mentioned by you in “2” and vice versa.
Can you guess what the word “compass” means?
00:22 – up to the end
What do the following figures mean? Match the figures with the following words:
5mm, 10mm, 2H, 45°, 30/60°.
labels, set square, pencil, headings, set square
Listen and watch the video, check your answers.
Fill in the gaps in the following text:
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(1)_____________________________ Technique
For this type of drawing you need the following (2) __________ : a sharp 2H (3) __________ ; and a (4) __________degree set square. You’ll also need a 30/60 degree set square and a (5) __________ .
Using the(6) __________ :
Make sure you put squares against the board, you can now (7) __________ using your (8) __________ and slide up and down across the (9) __________ , you can flip your set square to get the desired angle.
Labels and (10) __________ :
The conventions we (11) __________ are as follows: our labels are (12) __________ mm high. We usually draw a 5mm high guide line, measure it carefully, so it is 5mm high, not 7 or (13) __________ .
We use only (14) __________without exception. I’m now going to put the (15) __________ down to show you the lettering that we use. We use plain, straightforward lettering.
Whereas our labels are 5mm high, headings could be up to (16) __________ mm.
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POST-LISTENING
What do the following words mean? Try to explain on your own:
compass, set square, to slide up and down
What are basic rules of drawing?
7. INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION
Part I
SECTION A
1. Have you ever visited a factory? Did you find out anything interesting there?
2. Read the following text. What is the name of the company?
A FACTORY TOUR
1. “Good morning. I’d like to start by welcoming you and your teacher to FK Industries.
2. The purpose of today’s visit is to show you our new CAM – or CNC – system. As I expect you all know, CAM means ‘Computer Assisted Manufacturing’ and CNC is ‘Computer Numerical Control’. Before I show you that system, I’ll just remind you what the two earlier stages in the process are: one, developing the design and two, the prototype model. When we’ve completed these two stages, the next step is to start making the items so we can start selling them.
3. Our CNC system takes the information from the CAD (Computer Assisted Design) system and gives it to the lathes in the factory. The system can be used for other types of machines but we use lathes so that is what you’ll see today.
4. Before we start our tour of the factory, I’ll tell you what I think the main advantages of CNC are: human error is reduced, the machines always work in the best way because they adjust their settings automatically and, of course, every component produced is identical. Maybe you’ll think of some more advantages as we walk through the factory.
5. As we walk through the factory, please stay with the group and walk behind the yellow lines on the floors. The tour takes about thirty minutes and there will be time for questions at the end of the tour. So, if you’ll follow me, we’ll start.”
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* (the text is from: “Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 8, pg.9, ex.2)
3. Read the text again and decide if the sentences (1-6) below are true (T) or false (F).
The speaker …
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1
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… is a teacher.
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T
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F
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2
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… is talking about a factory system.
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T
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F
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3
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… is talking about jobs in the factory.
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T
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F
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4
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… is talking to other engineers.
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T
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F
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5
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… is talking to students.
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T
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F
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6
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… is a worker in the factory
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T
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F
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* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 8, pg.9, ex.2)
4. Read the text again and match the paragraphs (1-5) with the topics (A-E) below.
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A
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Background information
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B
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Rules for the factory visit
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C
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Benefits of the system
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D
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Welcome
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E
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Basic information about their system
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* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 8, pg.9, ex.3)
5. Read the text again and write short answers to the following questions.
Are CAM and CNC the same?
Is manufacturing the second stage in the process?
Can CNC operate other machines?
Does the speaker like the system?
When will he/she answer the students’ questions?
* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 8, pg.9, ex.4)
6. Read the text again and answer the following questions:
-
1.
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Where are the people?
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2.
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Who is speaking?
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3.
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Who is the speaker talking to?
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4.
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What is the speaker talking about?
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5.
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What is the purpose of the tour?
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6.
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What is the name of the factory?
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7.
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What are the stages of the process?
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8.
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How does the system work?
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9.
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What are the advantages of the system?
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10.
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What are the rules of visiting the factory?
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11.
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Why are these rules important?
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12.
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How long is the tour?
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13.
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Do you think there will be questions?
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14.
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What questions may students ask?
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7. Find the mistakes in spelling of the following words and correct them. Only one word is correct:
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1.
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numerikal
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2.
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eror
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3.
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backgraund
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4.
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advantege
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5.
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pupose
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6.
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reduse
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7.
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rule
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8.
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instraction
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9.
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misteik
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10.
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benifit
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8. Match the words that are close to each other in their meaning. Use the glossary or your dictionary to help you.
education rule numerical to minimize error aim background digital advantage purpose to reduce benefit instruction to rule mistake to control
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9. Match the following words to make phrases:
risk background digital information numerical rules benefits instruction to reduce important control television for workers of the project
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10. Guess the word from its explanation.
1.
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Detailed information on how to do something or use something.
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2.
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When you get an easier question to answer during the exam than your group-mate, it means you have a(n) ….. (over him).
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3.
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A computer system that helps people operate machines (engines) and control industrial process.
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4.
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Details of something (ex. event, situation); additional information.
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5.
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When you have a better qualification than another person and you both want to get one and the same job.
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6.
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When you have written or pronounced a word not correctly, your teacher says: “It is a … (or: “You have done a …) .
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7.
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When you do something wrong and a computer can’t fulfill your command, it shows you a box with this word.
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8.
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Details of your family life.
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9.
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Nowadays we have this kind of TVs, photo cameras, video cameras. They produce a better image.
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10.
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It means “to make something less in quantity”, to minimize.
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11. Find the words from the text and exercises in the following table (7 words). They may be written diagonally, horizontally or vertically:
-
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a
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b
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c
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d
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e
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f
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g
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h
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i
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j
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1
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B
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A
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C
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E
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R
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R
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O
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R
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Q
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R
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2
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A
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J
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L
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P
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U
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R
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P
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O
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S
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E
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3
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C
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Q
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M
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Z
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L
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M
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R
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C
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G
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K
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4
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K
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H
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C
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W
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E
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Y
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L
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A
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X
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J
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5
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G
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C
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W
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K
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X
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A
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T
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H
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F
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L
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6
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R
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U
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N
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B
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E
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N
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E
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F
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I
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T
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7
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O
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R
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R
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B
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A
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K
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G
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J
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X
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A
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8
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U
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F
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Z
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V
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H
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B
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H
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F
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Q
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W
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9
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N
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B
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D
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I
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G
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I
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T
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A
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L
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Z
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10
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D
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A
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J
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Z
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Q
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C
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K
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L
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B
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W
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12. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Translate the idea, not a word for word:
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Rule / instruction; to rule / to control
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1.
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Always read the instructions before you start doing the task.
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2.
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Before using the engine study all the rules.
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3.
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Using an implant has a number of rules.
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4.
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Each university has its own rules of study.
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5.
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Follow all the rules if you want to finish the experiment.
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6.
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The first rule in any interview is to make eye contact with a person.
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7.
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Engineers should know the rules of using engineering equipment.
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8.
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The first rule at our course is not to be late for classes.
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9.
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The main rule of study is to fulfill homework.
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10.
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The golden rule of passing the exam is to study during the term.
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Benefit / advantage
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11.
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I’ve got the benefit of good education.
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12.
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The new rules are to everyone’s benefit.
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13.
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It will be to your benefit to get this qualification.
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14.
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He can’t see the benefit of computer drafting.
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15.
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Implants are good benefit of today’s medicine.
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background
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16.
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To get this job a person needs an engineering background.
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17.
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Can you give the background of CNC system?
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18.
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Let’s have a look at the background of technical drawing.
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19.
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Has he got an architectural background?
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20.
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This student doesn’t have any background knowledge about this invention.
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SECTION B
1. Read the text “The Mini Story”. The three paragraphs are from the newspaper article and one is from a fashion magazine. Which one?
THE MINI STORY
A. There are 2,500 employees at the plant and working environment is good. The car assembly line is designed ergonomically to be easy to use and comfortable for the operators. For example, the car is raised, lowered, and turned through 90 degrees so the workers can do their jobs comfortably and easily. Old-fashioned, noisy, compressed-air tools have been replaced with quieter and more accurate electric tools.
B. The first Mini was first made in 1959 and since then over five million people have owned one. BMW, a German car manufacturer, now owns the Mini and the newest model is being manufactured at an advanced production system in Oxford, England.
C. During the 1990s approximately £500 million was spent to change an old Oxford car factory into a state-of-the-art manufacturing plant. The Oxford plant now produces around 100,000 Minis a year.
D. In Britain in the 1960s the only really cool car was the Mini. Everybody wanted one. It starred in advertisements and films and was as famous as the Beatles or the Rolling Stones. Anyone who was young, rich, famous, and fashionable had to be photographed sitting on, in, or just near one. And anyone who was poor, unknown, and not very fashionable wanted one too. There were small and cheap and suited the mood of the post-war generation who had more money and freedom than their parents had ever had.
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* (the text is from: “Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 9, pg.10, ex.2)
2. Now read the text again and put the paragraphs from the newspaper article in the correct order.
3. Find the following expressions in the text:
… условия труда…;
… для легкого использования…;
… удобно и легко…;
… производитель авто…;
… в год…;
… также … как…;
… соответствовали духу послевоенного времени… .
4. Find words in the text that mean:
1.
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employees who work on machines (paragraph A)
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2.
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factory (paragraph C)
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3.
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very modern (a phrase, paragraph C)
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4.
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working conditions (paragraph A)
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5.
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where the cars are put together (two words, paragraph A)
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* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 9, pg.10, ex.4)
5. Read the text again and answer the questions (1 – 5) below:
-
1.
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When was the first Mini made?
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2.
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Why is the Mini factory in Oxford special?
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3.
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How many new Minis are made each year?
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4.
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How many people work at the Mini factory?
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5.
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Why is the new factory better for the workers?
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* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 9, pg.10, ex.5)
6. Remember the Passive Voice. Find examples of Passive in the text and complete the table:
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Simple
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Continuous
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Perfect
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Present
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Past
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Future
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7. Match the phrases from columns A, B, C to make sentences about the Mini car plant:
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A
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B
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C
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1
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The car
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is designed
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through 90 degrees.
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2
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Old fashioned tools
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was made
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to change old factory into a modern plant.
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3
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Near £500 million
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is being manufactured
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ergonomically.
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4
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The newest model
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was spent
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in 1959.
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5
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Assembly line
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have been replaced
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in Oxford, England.
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6
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The first Mini
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is raised, lowered, turned
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with more accurate electronic tools.
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8. Read the following sentences and fill in the gaps with the words from modules 1 – 7.
1.
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Engineers solve problems in a __________way.
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2.
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Engineers use theory to produce __________ answers.
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3.
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Students spend most of their time in the __________ .
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4.
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Teachers will assess you at the end of a __________ ( a period of 6 months).
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5.
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You can study these courses full-time or __________ .
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6.
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This __________ prepares students for jobs in radio and electronic communication.
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7.
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Smart __________ have changed the world of engineering.
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8.
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Doctors compress __________ and put them into the patient’s __________ .
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9.
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People call shape memory materials “__________”.
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10.
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Hand-drawn diagrams provide clear __________ information.
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11.
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Nowadays engineers create technical __________ on computers.
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12.
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Computers save, change and __________ information.
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13.
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We use computers to make symmetrical __________ of components.
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9. Remember what Passive Voice is. Now change the sentences from ex.8 into Passive.
10. Read the following sentences and fill in the gaps with a verb from the box below in Passive.
make
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compress
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call
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use
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use
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use
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divide
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make
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base
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reduce
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make
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repair
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spend
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do
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teach
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limit
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make
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draw
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mark (assess)
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create
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Pr.S. = Present Simple, P.S. = Past Simple, F.S. = Future Simple, Pr.P. = Present Perfect
1.
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Everything we use in modern life __________ by engineers. (Pr.S)
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2.
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The whole science of engineering __________ into 3 main areas – civil, mechanical, electrical engineering. (Pr.S)
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3.
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Most of the time __________ by students doing practical tasks in the workshop. (F.S)
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4.
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Each project __________ at the end of a term. (Pr.S)
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5.
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All courses __________ at Technical College. (Pr.S)
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6.
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Selection __________ on the applicant’s work experience and an interview. (F.S)
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7.
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Metal alloys __________ first. (P.S)
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8.
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Alloys __________ from titanium and nickel. (Pr.S)
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9.
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Shape memory materials __________ “smart”. (Pr.S)
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10.
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Metal alloys __________ in medical implants. (Pr.S)
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11.
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Implants __________ and put into patient’s body. (Pr.S)
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12.
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Liquid crystals (as “smart” material) __________ already __________ in climbing ropes. (Pr.P)
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13.
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If cars __________ of smart metal, a minor accident __________ by leaving the car in the sun. (Pr.S / F.S)
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14.
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The possible uses of smart materials __________ only by human imagination. (Pr.S)
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15.
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In the past technical drawings __________ by hand. (P.S)
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16.
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Nowadays working drawings __________on computers. (Pr.S)
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17.
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Images of the rooms __________ in 3D. (Pr.S)
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18.
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CAD __________ with any kind of machine. (Pr.S)
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19.
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The main advantage of using CNC is that human error __________. (Pr.S)
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SECTION C
1. Have you ever heard about a handmade car? Do you know where it is manufactured? How long does it take people to wait to buy it?Read the text “A handmade car” quickly and find the answers to the questions.
2. Look at the words below. Check the meaning of them in the glossary or your dictionary.
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craftsmen highly-skilled skills traditional unique
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Read the text again and complete it with the words from above.
A HANDMADE CAR
The Morgan is a (1) __________ car: it is made in Britain by a family-owned company and it is handmade.
Each Morgan is made individually. Modern materials and up-to-date manufacturing technology are combined with 100-year-old (2) __________. There are no assembly lines because each stage of the manufacturing is done by (3) __________ craftsmen. For example, the wooden frame is made in the same way as the first Morgan in 1909, upholsterers make the leather seats, and sheet metalworkers make the panel by hand.
In contrast to all these (4) __________ skills, Morgan engineers make precision mechanical components using modern Computer Numerical Control (CNC) machinery so a Morgan driver has a state-of-the-art engine in a traditionally-made car.
It takes a long time to make a car by hand. The Morgan factory produces about 500 cars a year. Buyers put their name on a waiting list and then wait for the factory to tell them that their car is finished. The shortest wait is about two years – and sometimes the wait is five years. Like proud parents-to-be, people on the waiting list can visit the factory to see their car being made and to talk to the (5) __________ doing the work.
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* (the text is from: “Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 10, pg.11, ex.2)
3. Read the text again and find the equivalents to the following phrases in the text:
…компания семейного бизнеса…;
…современная технология производства…;
…первоклассные мастера…;
…тем же способом… ;
…в противовес…;
…супер-современный двигатель… ;
…это занимает много времени…;
…самый короткий срок…;
…будущие родители… .
4. Read the text again and decide if the sentences (1-5) below are true (T) or false (F).
1
|
The Morgan is made by machines.
|
T
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F
|
2
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Old and new ideas are used to make Morgans.
|
T
|
F
|
3
|
Morgan cars aren’t made on an assembly line.
|
T
|
F
|
4
|
Morgan engines are old-fashioned.
|
T
|
F
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5
|
You can walk into the Morgan factory, buy a car and drive it home.
|
T
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F
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* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 10, pg.11, ex.3)
5. Find examples of Passive in the text and complete the table:
-
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Simple
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Continuous
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Perfect
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Present
|
|
|
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Past
|
|
|
|
Future
|
|
|
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6. Match the following words.
by hand produced information Numerical Control ergonomically environment Manufacturing technology skills the company craftsmen information list for operators the system model components line use manufacture
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1
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background
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|
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11
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assembly
|
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2
|
up-to-date
|
|
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12
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basic
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3
|
employees of
|
|
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13
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Computer
|
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4
|
benefits of
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|
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14
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easy to
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5
|
is designed
|
|
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15
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car
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6
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highly-skilled
|
|
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16
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mechanical
|
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7
|
working
|
|
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17
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comfortable
|
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8
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the newest
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|
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18
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waiting
|
|
9
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Computer Assisted
|
|
|
19
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made
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|
10
|
are
|
|
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20
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traditional
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7. Read the texts from SECTION B (The Mini) and SECTION C (A Handmade car) again and put the following words into the table below. Some words may fit in more than one column.
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boring / classic / difficult / easy / fashionable / interesting / modern / organized / peaceful / requires expertise / requires patience / requires skill / requires to work quickly / traditional
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The Mini
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The Morgan
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|
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Jobs in the Mini factory
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Jobs in the Morgan factory
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|
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* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 10, pg.11, ex.4)
8. Compare the two cars using the words from the box above.
9. Why it takes longer to make a Morgan than a Mini?
* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 10, pg.11, ex.5)
10. Which car would you like to have? Why? Which factory would you like to work in? Why?
* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 10, pg.11, ex.6)
Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this part with the help of “ACTIVE VOCABULARY” section.
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