Учебное пособие. А. Н. Туполева (каи) кафедра восточных и европейских языков (вея) engineering английский язык для студентов технических специальностей учебное пособие
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G ___________________________Baylis has lived on Eel Pie Island for many years; he regularly attends jazz performances at the noted Eel Pie Island Hotel. He is single and is a smoker. Baylis was diagnosed with Crohn's disease in 1971; part of his small intestine has been surgically removed. *a stunt = a very difficult or dangerous thing that somebody does to entertain people. 3) Now read the text again and put the following facts from Trevor Baylis’ life in the order of appearance in the text.
Part III (… адрес интернет-странички с видеороликами…) 1. ALL ABOUT ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT (01:59) PRE-LISTENING
3. What should be done to save our environment? Make a list of your own. WHILE-LISTENING Watch the video and answer the following questions: 4. Find the English equivalents to the following expressions: - солнечные батареи - энергосберегающие лампы - альтернативные источники энергии - строительная компания - мусор - сваливать мусор - загрязнять воздух - не имеет значения - энергия приливов - сохранение источников энергии - человечество - найтиспособ 5. What should be done to save our environment? Compare the list of things in the video-track with your own one. POST-LISTENING 6. Make a summary of the video-track. 2. HOW SOLAR ENERGY PANELS WORK ? (01:14) PRE-LISTENING 1. What is ‘solar energy’? 2. What are solar panels used for? 3. Why are solar panels becoming so popular? 4. Do you know the following words: “cell”, “layer”. WHILE-LISTENING Watch the video and answer the following questions: 5. What is the sunlight made of? 6. What are these ‘packets of energy’ called? 7. What does a solar panel consist of? 8. What material is used in solar panels? 9. How is an individual cell designed? 10. Why are those layers needed? 11. What helps electrons to move from a panel to a bulb? 12. What is ‘the flow of electrons’? 13. What are the examples of usage of solar panels shown in the track? POST-LISTENING 14. Think of some other ways of possible usage of solar panels. 3. AN ECO-RADIO (00:44) PRE-LISTENING 1. What does ‘eco’ mean? WHILE-LISTENING Watch the video and answer the following questions: 2. What powers this unit? 3. What does this unit do? POST-LISTENING 4. Where can we use this unit? Would you like to have one? 4. A WIND-UP RADIO (01:29) PRE-LISTENING 1. What does ‘a wind-up radio’ mean? WHILE-LISTENING Watch the video and answer the following questions: 2. What can power this radio? 3. What are the elements of this radio? Where are they situated? POST-LISTENING 4. Where can we use this radio? Would you like to have one? 5. TREVOR BAYLIS ECO-MEDIA PLAYER (01:37) PRE-LISTENING 1. Who is Trevor Baylis? 2. What is he famous for? 3.What does ‘eco’ mean? 4. What does ‘media player’ mean? WHILE-LISTENING Watch the video and answer the following questions: 5. How many years ago did Trevor Baylis invent the clockwork radio? 6. What country did he invent the radio for? 7. What kind of problem was there in Africa? 8. What is his original idea? 9. Complete the following phrase that Trevor says: “Welcome to the next ………”. 10. What are the parameters of work of the invented player? POST-LISTENING 11. Summarize everything you know about this eco-media player. What are its characteristics? 6. TREVOR BAYLIS – AN INVENTOR (04:37) PRE-LISTENING 1. What is Trevor Baylis famous for? 2. What country was his invention for? 3. What kind of problem was there in that country? WHILE-LISTENING Watch the video and answer the following questions: 4. Why did he start his own company? 5. What are the questions that he asks himself before producing assistance to inventors? 6. What is a “Dragons’Den”? 7. Does Trevor think that the art of invention can be taught? POST-LISTENING 8. What advice can be given to a person who wants to invent something? 14. ROBOTS IN OUR LIFE Part I 1. How many senses have you got? What are they? Why are they important? 2. Match the verbs in column A with the parts of the body in column B and the sense nouns in column C.
* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 17, pg.19, ex.2) 3. What is the difference between ‘see’ and ‘look’, ‘hear’ and ‘listen’? * (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 17, pg.19, ex.3) 4. Read the following text quickly and choose the correct answers to the questions below. Don’t pay attention to the gaps.
* (the text is from: “Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 17, pg.19, ex.4) 5. Read the text again and put the sentences and phrases (a-g) below in the correct places (1-7).
* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 17, pg.19, ex.5) 6. Find in the text the English equivalents to the following expressions (don’t forget about phrases from ex.5):
7. Read the text again and find the words in the text that mean:
* (№ 1-4 are taken from “Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 17, pg.19, ex.7) 8. What is the connection between human senses (feelings, emotions) and robots? What can (or can’t) people and robots do? Use: see, hear, smell, taste, touch, think, feel, cry, smile, etc. and information from the text. Make up sentences. Use the example below: Example: People can see. Robots can see. People can …. Robots can’t … . 9. Answer the following questions to the text:
For questions 9–11 you may use the expressions below or your own examples: show emotions, see, help people work in dangerous situations, get information from the outside, save people’s lives, get instructions, react to the environment, hear, design computer systems to operate robots, smell, think like people, give instructions, understand the messages from the sensors, etc.
10) What can (can not) robots do? 11) What can (can not) people do? 12) What are the advantages of a robot? 13) What are the disadvantages of a robot? 14) What can power a robot? 10. Match the following words:
11. Find the 5 senses in the box below. The words may be written horizontally, vertically, diagonally:
12. Do a crossword. What is hidden on the vertical highlighted line?
13. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with one suitable word from the box below.
14. Translate the following sentences from English into Russian. Give the idea but not a word for word translation.
Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this module with the help of “ACTIVE VOCABULARY” section. Part II 1. THE WORD ‘ROBOT’ AND ITS ETYMOLOGY Read the following text and fill in the gaps with the words from the box:
There is no one definition of robot which satisfies everyone. So, many people have their own definitions. For example, Joseph Engelberger, a pioneer in (1) __________ robotics, once remarked: "I can't define a robot, but I know one when I see one." According to the Encyclopedia Britannica, a robot is "any automatically operated (2) __________ that replaces human effort, though it may not resemble human beings in appearance or perform functions in a humanlike manner". Merriam-Webster describes a (3) __________ as a "machine that looks like a human being and performs various complex acts (as walking or talking) of a human being", or a "device that automatically performs complicated and often (4) _________ tasks", or a "mechanism guided by automatic controls". The word robot was introduced to the public by Czech writer Karel Čapek in his play R.U.R. (Rossum's Universal Robots), published in 1920. The play begins in a (5) __________ that makes artificial people called robots. They can plainly think for themselves, though they seem happy to serve. The main (6) __________ of the play is whether the robots are being exploited and the consequences of their treatment. However, Karel Čapek himself did not (7) __________ the word. He wrote a short (8) __________ in reference to an etymology in the Oxford English Dictionary in which he named his brother, the painter and writer Josef Čapek, as its actual originator. In an article in the Czech journal Lidové noviny in 1933, he explained that he had originally wanted to call the creatures laboři ("workers", from Latin labor). However, he did not like the word, and sought advice from his brother Josef, who suggested "roboti". The word robota means literally "work", "labor" or "serf labor", and figuratively "drudgery" or "hard work" in Czech and many Slavic languages. Traditionally the robota was the work period a serf (corvee) had to give for his lord, typically 6 months of the year. Serfdom was outlawed in 1848 in Bohemia, so at the time Čapek wrote R.U.R., usage of the term robota had broadened to include various (9) __________ of work. The word robotics, used to describe the study of robots, was (10) __________ by the science fiction writer Isaac Asimov. 2. A ROBOT IN A MODERN WORLD Read the following text and fill in the gaps. Use the words from the boxes in each part:
A robot is an automatically guided (1) __________ which is able to do tasks on its own. The word robotcan refer to both physical robots and virtual software agents, but the latter are usually referred to as bots. There is no consensus on which machines qualify as robots, but there is general agreement among experts and the public that robots tend to do some or all of the following: move around, operate a mechanical limb, sense and (2) __________ their environment, and exhibit intelligent behavior, especially behavior which mimics humans or other animals. Stories of artificial helpers and companions and attempts to (3) __________ them have a long history but fully autonomous machines only appeared in the 20th (4)__________. The first digitally operated and programmable robot, the Unimate, was installed in 1961 to lift hot pieces of metal from a die casting machine and stack them. Today, commercial and (5) __________ robots are in widespread use performing jobs more cheaply or with greater accuracy and reliability than humans. They are also employed for jobs which are too dirty, (6) __________ or dull to be suitable for humans. Robots are widely used in (7)__________ , assembly and packing, transport, (8) __________ and space exploration, surgery, weaponry, laboratory research, and mass production of consumer and industrial goods.
Nowadays it is difficult to compare numbers of robots in different (9) __________ , since there are different definitions of what a "robot" is. The International Organization for Standardization gives a (10) __________ of robot in ISO 8373: "an automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multipurpose, manipulator programmable in three or more axes, which may be either fixed in place or mobile for use in industrial automation applications." This definition is used by the International Federation of Robotics, the European Robotics Research Network (EURON), and many national standards committees. Modern robots are usually used in tightly controlled environments such as on (11) __________ lines because they have difficulty responding to unexpected interference. Because of this, most humans rarely encounter robots. However, domestic robots for cleaning and maintenance are increasingly common in and around homes in developed countries, particularly in Japan. Japan hopes to have full-scale commercialization of service robots by 2025. Much (12) __________ research in Japan is led by Japanese government agencies, particularly the Trade Ministry. While there is no single correct definition of "robot," a typical robot will have several, or possibly all, of the following characteristics: it is an (13) __________ machine which has some ability to interact with physical (14) __________ and to be given electronic programming to do a specific task or to do a whole range of tasks or actions. It may also have some ability to perceive and absorb data on physical objects, or on its local physical environment, or to process data, or to (15) __________ to the changes of its environment. This is in contrast to a simple mechanical device such as a gear or a hydraulic press or any other item which has no processing ability and which does tasks through purely mechanical processes and motion. For robotic engineers, the physical appearance of a machine is less important than the way its actions are (16) __________ . The more the control system seems to have agency of its own, the more likely the machine is to be called a robot.
Read the following text and fill in the gaps with the words from the box:
At present there are 2 main (1) __________ of robots, based on their use: general-purpose autonomous robots and dedicated robots. General-purpose autonomous robots are robots that can (2) __________ a variety of functions independently. General-purpose autonomous robots typically can navigate independently in known spaces, handle their own re-charging needs, interface with electronic doors and elevators and perform other basic tasks. Like computers, general-purpose robots can link with networks, software and accessories that increase their usefulness. They may recognize people or (3) __________ , talk, provide companionship, monitor environmental quality with the help of (4) __________ , react to the changes in its (5) __________, pick up supplies and perform other useful tasks. General-purpose robots may perform a variety of functions simultaneously or they may take on different roles at different times of day. Some such robots try to mimic human beings and may even resemble people in appearance; this type of robot is called a humanoid robot. Robots can be (6) __________ by their specificity of purpose. A robot might be (7) __________ to perform one particular task extremely well, or a range of (8) __________ less well. Of course, all robots by their nature can be re-programmed to behave differently, but some are limited by their physical form. For example, a factory robot arm can perform jobs such as cutting, (9)__________ , gluing, or acting as a fairground ride, while a pick-and-place robot can only populate printed circuit boards. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||