Учебное пособие. А. Н. Туполева (каи) кафедра восточных и европейских языков (вея) engineering английский язык для студентов технических специальностей учебное пособие

• Название: А. Н. Туполева (каи) кафедра восточных и европейских языков (вея) engineering английский язык для студентов технических специальностей учебное пособие
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Part II

REPETITIVE STRAIN INJURY

Read the following text with gaps and match the headings to its parts (A, B, C, D):

Treatment Symptoms Background information Study

Now read the text and fill in the gaps with the following words:

activity instrument pain strain tool arm keyboard feeling injury

A. ___________________________ :

Repetitive (1) __________ injury (RSI), also known as Cumulative Trauma Disorder (CTD), is a professional overuse syndrome, non-specific (2) __________ pain or work related upper limb (= legs or arms) disorder (WRULD). Nowadays it is the well-known illness concept that links use of the arm to (3) __________ or disease. Prior to typewriters or computers there was the concept of "writer's cramp" (=sudden pain in muscles, usually caused by cold or too much exercise).

The basis for this illness concept is the idea that one can overuse a (4) __________ , such as a computer (5) __________ or musical (6) __________ in a way that causes tissue (= muscles, nerves, brain) damage leading to pain. Conditions such as RSI tend to be associated with both physical and psychosocial stressors.

B.___________________________:

The following complaints are typical among patients that might receive a diagnosis of RSI:

• 
  (7)__________ in the arm (typically diffuse - i.e. spread over many areas);
  
• 
  the pain is worse with (8) __________ ;
  
• 
  weakness, loss of (9) __________ .
  

The symptoms tend to be diffuse and non-anatomical. They tend not to be characteristic of any discrete pathological conditions.

special factors doctors prevent reduce program provide software improve risk tests cure 8 increase ergonomic

C. ___________________________ :

Diagnostic (10) __________ (radiological, electrophysiological, etc.) are normal. In short, RSI is best understood as a healthy arm that hurts.

Studies have related RSI with psychological and social (11) __________. A large amount of psychological distress showed doubled (12) __________ of the pain. For example, poor support from colleagues and work dissatisfaction also showed an (13) __________ in pain. So, some (14) __________ believe that stress is the main cause of RSI. The main advocate of this point of view is Dr.John E. Sarno, Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine at the New York University Medical School.

D. ___________________________ :

Modifications of arm use (ergonomics) are often recommended.

Adaptive technology – from (15) __________ keyboards, mouse replacements and pen tablet interfaces to speech recognition (16) __________ - might be necessary. “Pause” software reminds the user to pause frequently and/or perform practices while working behind a computer. One such (17) __________ is Workrave, an open-source free program that helps to (18) __________ and (19) __________ Repetitive Strain Injury. The program frequently signals to the user to take micro-pauses, rest breaks and shows the user his/her daily limit. A kind of (20) __________ keyboard, such as the Goldtouch-Solution, or a kind of ergonomic mouse, such as a RollerMouse, vertical mouse or joystick, may help and (21) __________ relief.

Some people with RSI find relief in specific movement therapies such as taijiquan, t'ai chi ch'üan, yoga, or some other techniques that (22) __________ the risk of developing RSI. Also, doctors often recommend to do different specific strengthening exercises, for example to (23) __________ posture of your body.

Recovery is up (24) __________ months before any activity should be used.

PartIII

(… адрес интернет-странички с видеороликами…)

1. 
   KEYBOARD ERGONOMICS
   

(0:39)
PRE-LISTENING

1. 
   Do you remember the following words:
   

“wrist”, “straight”, “angle”, “to relieve”, “blood flow”, “to twist”, “adjustable”?

2. 
   Do you understand the word “ergonomics”?
   

WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video without inscriptions and fulfill the following tasks:

3. 
   What is the main idea of the track?
   
4. 
   Use the following words to make sentences about the video: old-fashioned, develop, prevent, ergonomic.
   

Watch the video and read the inscriptions. Try to understand them.

5. 
   Translate the inscriptions. Give the idea, but not a word for word translation.
   

POST-LISTENING

Watch the video without inscriptions:

6. 
   Try to comment on each episode. Use the following words:
   

00:01 – wrist (hand), position

00:04 – straight, angle, inwards

00:08 – reduce pressure, risk

00:12 – vertically

00:17 – raise, blood flow

00:21 – natural position

00:26 – comfortable, standard keyboard

00:30 – adjustable keyboard

2. 
   ______________________________________ ?
   

(01:23)

PRE-LISTENING

1. 
   Do you know the following words:
   

“individual”, “staff”, “user”, “disability”, “needs”, “customize”, “properly”.

WHILE-LISTENING

Listen to the whole track without video.

2. What title can be given to the track?

Listen to the parts of the track without video and answer the following questions:

00:00 – 00:12

3. What is another word for “movement” used in the track?

00:13 – 00:24

4. Why are the words “hour, day, week” mentioned?

00:25 – 00:49

5. What does a ‘reason answer” to the RSI problem mean? How is it called?

6. What does “the Goldtouch solution” consist of?

Listen and watch the video again to check the answers.

7. Fill in the gaps in the following text:

00:00 – 00:25

RSI – repetitive (1) __________ injury, (2) __________ resulting from the (3) __________ actions we all make when using IT (4) __________.

Always it is caused by (5) __________ and keyboard on a (6) __________ . Just picture yourself - crashed over the (7) __________ , thumping those (8) __________ , clicking the mouse, repeating the same (9) __________ hour after hour, day after day, week after week.

……..

00:26 – 00:56

What can you as an individual or as an (10) __________ do to safeguard yourself and your staff against from (11) __________ ?

Well, reason answer … is (12) __________ and (13) ___________ . It’s called the Goldtouch (14) ___________ and consists of the Goldtouch (15) __________ and the … of software called the RSI-guard which together help (16) __________ your own work activity.

I’ve been working with users with disabilities, so finding a successful (17) __________ solutions for long for over (18) __________ years.

I’ve found that the (19) __________ is to recognize each person’s computing needs a (20) __________ individual.

01:01 - end

The Goldtouch (21) __________is an (22) __________ combination of (23) __________ of a work management that can be (24) _________ customized by each user.

For you that means much in your work … with your (25) _________ needs and, when you use it properly, (26) _________… _________ of a computer related (27) __________ .
POST-LISTENING

8. Why do people suffer RSI?)

9. Why is “the Goldtouch solution” called an “RSI-guard”?

10. Why is “the Goldtouch solution” so unique?

3. 
   RSI - PREVENTION
   

(01:53)

PRE-LISTENING

Answer the questions:

1. 
   How can we prevent RSI?
   
2. 
   What things can help us prevent RSI?
   
3. 
   Do you know the following words:
   

“to click”, “to skip”, “instead of”, “to match”, “behaviour”, “restriction”, “customizable”.

WHILE-LISTENING

Listen the whole track without video.

4. What is the idea of the whole text?

Listen and watch the parts of the video and answer the following questions:

00:00 – 00:39

5. What is the speaker’s name?

6. What are the elements of RSI-preventing helpers?

00:40 – 00:50

7. What is “break-timing”?

00:51 – 01:05

8. What is a “short-cut”?

01:06 – 01:15

9. What is “data-looking”?

01:16 – 01:29

10. What is a “forget-me-not”

01:30 - end

11. What is a “graph”?

12. How can we better understand the limits at our work?

Listen and watch the video and fill in the gaps in the following text:

13. Fill in the gaps in the following text:

00:00 – 00:22

Hello, I’m Ameline (1) __________. In the context of (2) _________ the expression “work management” is used to encompass the whole range of (3) _________ , including (4) _________ posture, (5) _________ rates and rest rates, and … … - the monitoring and (6) _________ of this.

00:23 – 00:50

The Goldtouch RSI-guard is a … of (7) __________ - timing prompts and video-styled (8) _________ which for the user can become his or her own work management expert.

RSI-guard contains a number of (9) __________ , all of which are fully customizable … by the user or (10) __________ wide. This include intelligent break-timing to remind you when to take breaks and for how long. If you are in a hurry you can of course skip them but it all begins soon.

00:51 – 01:35

“Short–cuts” – allow you to avoid unnecessary mouse (11) __________ , for instance, I can use any (12) _________ , say, my function keys instead of the mouse (13) __________ – just to get the change of (14) __________ or even to alter a click … .

“Data–looking” – automatically matches your (15) __________ use and behaviour and suggests ways to work more efficiently … .

“Forget-me-nots” and your own “go-hints” are customizable mini-breaks and suggestions for stretching exercises. This task-level (16) _________ training has been (17) __________ to ensure you get a good workout while still sitting at your desk.

“Dynamic work restrictions” can be used to ensure the safe working practices over a day or (18) __________.

01:36 – 01:46

And because of all your mousing (and keyboarding) is locked in graphs, you can begin better (19) __________ your own (20) __________ at your work and manage your own computer work float to (21) __________future (22) __________ .

POST-LISTENING

14. Which of the above mentioned RSI-preventing helpers are the most useful and why?

15. Can you think of any other RSI-preventing helpers?

16. Would you like to have such RSI-preventing helpers on your computer and why?

4. 
   REPETITIVE STRAIN INJURY
   

(08:04)
PRE-LISTENING

Remember the answers to the following questions:

1. 
   What is RSI?
   
2. 
   Why do people suffer RSI?
   

3. What are the symptoms of RSI?

4. 
   How can we prevent RSI?
   
5. 
   What are the rules of using a computer in order to prevent RSI?
   
6. 
   Do you know the following words:
   

• 
  “ be familiar” (= to know), “overuse”, “precaution”, ‘behaviour”, “onset”,” vital” (= very important), “height”, “length”, “pillow”;
  
• 
  body movements – “turn”, “bend”, “interlock”, “shrug”, “move”, “place”, “push”, “stretch”, “twist’, “fold”, “pull”, “circle”, “join”, “raise”;
  

- “forward”, “backward”, “upward”, “downward”, “inward”, “outward”, “sideways”.

7. While watching the video find the meaning of the following words – “pad”, “fist”.
WHILE-LISTENING

Watch the video a part by part and fulfill the following exercises:

00:00 – 00:58

8. “What are usual repetitive tasks that cause RSI”?

9. Fill in the gaps in the following part of the text:

Today I’m going to talk to you about RSI – an abbreviation for repetitive strain injury. One thing of that could be: “OooooooHhh!”, “AaaaaaHhh!”, “AaoouuCh!”. Now, these are (1) __________ we are all familiar with. With long working hours, deadline targets, night shifts. It is normally to strain or overuse our (2)__________ . And fortunately most people are not informed and do not understand what RSI is. Repetitive Strain Injury – potentially a … condition resulting from (3) __________ of muscles, tendons and nerves, especially when you do (4) __________ tasks such as (5) __________ , (6) __________ or (7) __________ a mouse.

00:59 – 01:26

10. Make a list of the main risks.

11. Compare your list and the suggested list. How many differences are there? Which of the risks you think is/are the most dangerous?

12. Think of the ways of how to prevent RSI.

01:27 – 01:45

13. Watch the video and find out the other ways to prevent RSI.

14. Fill in the gaps in the following text:

How do we (1) __________RSI?... … It is wise to (2) __________ well, (3) __________ regularly, listen to your (4) __________ and avoid destructive (5) __________ . However there are some (6) __________ precautions you can take to help prevent the onset of (7) _________ .

01:46 – 03:19

15. Watch the video without audio and give comments on what you see, using the following words:

place, keep, adjust,

easy to use position, comfortable sitting, forearms, elbows, screen,

parallel, relaxed, at 90 degrees, in front of you, at eye level,

16. Now watch the video with audio and fill in the gaps in the following text:

1) First and for most it is (1) ___________ to have a (2) __________ work station. (3) ___________ your phone and mouse in an easy to use (4) __________ . …. Your (5) __________ is rested firmly on the ground. 2) Secondly, it is vitally to maintain a good sitting (6) __________ . (7) __________ the height of your chair, so that when you’re working your (8) __________ are (9) __________ to the floor and (10) __________ . While typing make sure your (11) __________ are at (12) __________ degrees. Give a firm support to your lower (13) __________ . You may use …….. or pillows for more comfort. 3) Third. Adjust your monitor (14) __________ . It should be (15) __________ and directly in front of you. ….. the distance is an arm’s length position and also your eye-line is at the top third of your (16) __________ . 4) Forth. Keep your (17) __________ parallel to your desk while (18) __________ . Rest on soft key-pads if you are tired. 5) It is very important to take (19) __________ – every half an hour or so. Get up and (20) __________around. Get some (21) __________ or look out of the (22) __________ .

03:20 – 07:01

17. Watch the video without inscriptions and comment on each video part using the following words:

- Verbs: join, raise, turn, bend, interlock, stretch, put, move, push, pull, place, form, circle, press;

- Nouns: palm, finger, back, shoulder, forearm, arm, wrist, chin, head, neck, hand, thumb;

- Behind, backward, downward, sideways, upward, forward, in a prayer position.
18. Watch the video with inscriptions and check yourself.
07:02 - end

19. Watch the video and fill in the gaps in the following text:

These (1) _________ are primately cured to … a relieving or preventing the onset of RSI. In case you notice any (2) __________ of RSI please take (3) __________ help, (4) __________ your physiotherapist immediately. I hope you found the session (5) __________ and you try and do a few exercises to (6) __________ any health complications at work. Thank you.

POST-LISTENING

20. What do the words “pad” (03:06 – 03:12) and “fist” (06:06 – 06:11) mean?

21. How many parts can the video be divided into?

22. What headings can be given to each part?

11. OPTICAL FIBRES

Part I

1. What properties do optical fibres have?Where are optical fibres used?

2. Read the following text quickly and choose the best title A, B or C.

A The history of cabling and telecommunications

B A short introduction to optical fibres

C Uses of glass in industry and technology

Optical fibres started to replace some uses of copper cables in the 1970s. They are made from glass and are usually about 120 micrometres in diameter. Some of the most common everyday uses are in telecommunications, close-curcuit television (CCTV), and cable television. 1. ___________________________________________ Optical fibres carry signals more efficiently than copper cable and with a much higher bandwidth. This means that fibres can carry more channels of information over longer distances. 2. ___________________________________________ Optical fibre cables are much lighter and thinner han copper cables with the same bandwidth. This means less space is needed in underground cabling ducts. 3. ____________________________________________ It is difficult to steal information from optical fibres. They are not harmed by electromagnetic interference, for example from radio signals or lighting. They don’t ignite so they can be used safely in flammable atmospheres, for example in petrochemical plants. 4. ____________________________________________ Optical fibres are more expensive per metre than copper. However, one optical fibre can carry many more signals than a single copper cable and the longer transmission distances mean that fewer expensive repeaters are required. Also, copper cable uses more electrical power to deliver the signals. 5. ____________________________________________ Optical fibres can’t be spliced as easily as copper cable. Employees need special training to handle the expensive splicing and measurement equipment.

* (the text is from: “Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 14, pg.16, ex.2)
3. Read the text again and match the headings (A–E) below with the paragraphs (1-5).

A	Training and skills
B	Size and weight
C	Security
D	Price
E	Capacity

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 14, pg.16, ex.3)

4. Which paragraphs describe advantages of optical fibres and which describe disadvantages?

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 14, pg.16, ex.4)

5. Read the text again and find the English equivalents to the following expressions:

- … начали вытеснять…

- … некоторые способы использования…

- … сделано из…

- … примерно…

- … повседневное использование…

- … проводят сигналы…

- … легче и тоньше чем…

- … требуется меньше пространства…

- … электромагнитные помехи…

- … могут быть безопасно использованы…

- … один единственный…

- … дорогостоящие ретрансляторы (передатчики)…

- … также легко как…

- … специальное обучение…

- … измерительное оборудование…

6. Complete the definitions (1-9) below with the highlighted words in the text.

1.	A ……………… is one million of a metre.
2.	The ……………… is the distance across a circle.
3.	A ……………… substance is one that burns easily.
4.	“………………” means joining the ends of two cables together.
5.	To “……………” means to start to burn.
6.	……………… are tubes for carrying cables.
7.	“………………” is a common short way of saying ‘for each’.
8.	To “………………” means to touch with your hands.
9.	“…………………” means in a way that produces a good result and doesn’t waste time, energy, or resourses.

* (“Engineering” Workshop by Lindsey White, OUP; Unit 14, pg.16, ex.5)

7. Guess the words from their definitions and find them in the text.

1.	Material that is used to carry light and coded messages.
2.	A clear hard material used for manufacturing windows, bottles, etc.
3.	A line across a circle.
4.	A way along which news, information is sent.
5.	The amount of space between 2 places or things.
6.	The place where Metro is situated.
7.	Facts or details about something or somebody.
8.	A piece of equipment used for listening to different programs.
9.	An adjective used to characterize anything that ignites easily.
10.	It means “to cost much money”.
11.	People who work at a plant, for a company, etc.
12.	Special things that you need to do something.

8. Guess the following words from the text as it is shown in the example:

illsk = skill

bleca	dlehan
ppcoer	teigni
calopti	widthband
remetdia	blemmafla
ryrca	licingsp

9. Study the following words and make as many word phrases as you can.

Optical, special, copper, micrometer, expensive, cable, deliver, measurement, high, long, electromagnetic, radio, flammable, petrochemical, per …, electrical, fibre, training, in diameter, splicing, TV, signal, equipment, bandwidth, distance, interference, a signal, atmosphere, plant, metre, power

10. Match the following words with the words from ex.9:

1	optical			9	high
2	special			10	long
3	copper			11	electromagnetic
4	micrometer			12	radio
5	expensive			13	flammable
6	cable			14	petrochemical
7	deliver			15	per
8	measurement			16	electrical

11. Try to make sentences about optical fibres with the matched word phrases from ex.10.

12. Do a crossword. What is hidden on the vertical highlighted line?

	1
					2
		3
					4
	5
			6
			7
		8
9
					10
		11
12
1.	Copper cables are usually about 120 ………………. in diameter.
2.	The speed limit in Russia is 90 kilometres …. hour.
3.	A pipe or a tube that carries liquid, gas, electric or telephone wire.
4.	To start to burn; to make something start to burn.
5.	The amount of something that a certain container can hold
6.	A line across a circle.
7.	To take something (ex. letters) to the place according to the address.
8.	An opposite to the word "easy".
9.	A line of pipes that are used for carrying liquid or gas over a long distance (usually underground).
10.	Amount of information that a particular computer network or Internet connection can send in a second.
11.	When you take something in your hand and move from one place to another; a synonym to "conduct" electricity.
12.	To control or manage something; to work with something; to deal with something (a problem, task, etc …); to touch with your hands.

13. Fill in the gaps in the following sentences (1-20) with the words from the box below.

ignite distance (x2) pipes measurement bandwidth (x2) splice duct deliver delivery(n) handle (x3) harm (x2) pipeline capacity (x2) diameter

1.	Be careful with those chemicals – they _________ easily.
2.	Nowadays old-fashioned _________ used for water are replaced by plastic ones.
3.	Drivers should keep _________on the road.
4.	Elina has a good _________for hard work.
5.	Optical fibres _________ signals more efficiently.
6.	Wash your hands before you _________ food.
7.	DHL – is a well-known _________company.
8.	Please, draw the __________ of the circle accurately.
9.	RSI development can __________your health.
10.	The __________ of this hall is 500 people.
11.	People get gas with the help of __________ .
12.	The map tells you the __________ between major cities.
13.	It is too stuffy in the room. The air- __________should be repaired.
14.	Accurate __________ is very important in science.
15.	Chemicals are dangerous to __________ . Don’t touch them!
16.	What is the __________ of your Internet? Isn’t it too slow?
17.	Don’t forget to use an adjustable chair while working in order not to __________ your health.
18.	To ‘__________’ means to join together two pieces of wood, magnetic tape, film, etc…
19.	Engineers know how to __________(= manage, control) different problems.
20.	The amount of information that can be sent by a computer in a particular time is called ‘__________’.

14. Translate the following sentences into Russian. Translate the idea, not a word for word:

1.	What is the bandwidth of your Internet?
2.	Can I use your computer to log in? – Yes, but the bandwidth is very low.
3.	How much money do you pay for this kind of bandwidth?
4.	The workers got into the building through the air duct.
5.	One of the air ducts has gone wrong and that is why it is very hot indoors.
6.	Please, can you measure accurately?
7.	A special stick is used to measure how much oil is left in an engine.
8.	Please, find out the measurement of this piece of equipment.
9.	This stadium has got a capacity for 20,000 people.
10.	The capacity of this hall is 500 people.
11.	Her capacity for accurate drawing helped her to get good mark on exam.
12.	Your order will be delivered within 5 days.
13.	We deliver the equipment free within the local area.
14.	Does your company have a service of delivery on Sundays?
15.	This company has over 50 deliveries per day.
16.	Did you deliver the message to the Head of the Engineering Department?
17.	I don’t know how to handle with this equipment.
18.	This car is difficult to handle.
19.	There is a sign - “Handle with care”.
20.	What is the diameter of traffic signs?
21.	Too much sun can harm your skin.
22.	The implant in her body didn’t do any harm to her health.
23.	Implants must be put in accurately or they can harm you.
24.	Development of RSI can harm your health.
25.	Use an adjustable chair or it can harm your body.
26.	Copper pipe is sold in length.
27.	What is the name of the main pipeline in Russia?
28.	People get gas with the help of pipelines.
29.	The plant is within walking distance.
30.	Can you see the number of the bus at this distance?
31.	This company delivers goods to long distance.
32.	There is a traffic sign – “Keep your distance!”
33.	Petrol ignites easily.
34.	Be careful with these chemicals, they ignite easily.
35.	Try to splice these pieces of plastic accurately.
36.	The magnetic tape was spliced accurately.

Check the knowledge of active vocabulary from this part with the help of “ACTIVE VOCABULARY” section.

Part II

1. OPTICAL FIBRE