Английский. Голицынский - Английский язык. Грамматика. Сборник упражнении. Артикль запомните следующие правила. Перед каждым нарицательным существительным должен стоять артикль. Если вы не употребляете перед существительным артикль, вы должны уметь объяснить, почему.
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Упр. 485. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя модальный глагол need. E.g. 1) It is not necessary to go there. You need not go there. 2) It was not necessary to go there. You need not have gone there. 1. There was no necessity for her to do it herself. 2. There is no reason for you to worry: he is as strong as a horse. 3. There is no need for you to be present. 4. Is it any use our going into all that now? 5. Why did you mention all these figures? The situation was clear as it was, 6. Why do you rant to press the skirt? It is not creased at all. . It was not necessary for you to remind me about her birthday. I remember the date very well. Why do you want to do it all today? 9. It was not necessary for mother to cook this enormous dinner: we have brought all the food the children may want. 10. It is not necessary to take the six-thirty. A later train will do as well. Упр. 486. Переведите на английский язык, ютребляя модальный глагол need. 1. Мне нужно тебе помогать? — Нет, спасибо, все сделаю сам. 2. Вы можете не ходить туда. 3. Ему незачем беспокоиться о ней. 4. Я могу и не спрашивать его: он сам мне все расскажет. 5. Вам не обязательно звонить мне: я не забуду о своем обещании. 6. Надо ли ей покупать такую массу продуктов? 7. Она может не ходить в библиотеку: я дам ей книгу. 8. Вы могли и не брать зонт: я уверен, что дождя не будет. Упр. 487. Вставьте модальные глаголы may, must или need. 1.... we hand in our compositions tomorrow? — No, you ... not, you ... hand them in after Sunday. 2. ... John really do this today? — No, he ... not, he ... do it tomorrow if he likes. 3. You ... not let this cup fall: it ... break. 4. ... I help you with your coat on? 5. ... I take this book for a little while? — I am sorry, but I ... return it to the library at once. 6. Alec ... practise this sound specially, but the other pupils ... not: they all pronounce it properly. 7. They ... come at any time they like between ten and twelve in the morning, but they ... not come if they don't want to. 8. ... I go there right now? — Yes, you .... Упр. 488. Вставьте модальные глаголы can, may, must или need. 1. I ... not go out today: it is too cold. 2. ... I take your pen? — Yes, please. 3. We ... not carry the bookcase upstairs: it is too heavy. 4. We ... not carry the bookcase upstairs ourselves: the workers will come and do it. 5. When ... you come to see us? — I ... come only on Sunday. 6. Shall I write a letter to him? — No, you ... not, it is not necessary. 7. ... you cut something without a knife? 8. Peter ... return the book to the library. We all want to read it. 9. Why ... not you understand it? it is so easy. 10. ... we do the exercise at once? Yes, you do it at once. 11. ... you pronounce this sound? 12. You ... not have bought this meat-we have everything for dinner. MUST — MAY — MIGHT — CAN'T в значении предположения MUST — должно быть MAY - может быть MIGHT — может быть (но маловероятно) CAN'T — не может быть Упр. 489. Произнесите вслух все возможные предложения, используя приведенные подстановочные таблицы. (Упражнение на выработку автоматизма речи) Переведите каждое предложение на русский язык.
Упр. 491. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальные глаголы must, may, might или can't. 1. Они, должно быть, живут в Санкт-Петербурге. 2. Они, может быть, живут в Санкт-Петербурге. 3. Может быть, они и живут в Санкт-Петербурге (хотя едва ли). 4. Не может быть, что они живут в Санкт-Пе тербурге. 5. Они, должно быть, жили в Санкт-Петербурге. 6. Они, может быть, жили в Санкт-Петербурге. 7. Может быть, они и жили в Санкт-Петербурге (хотя едва ли). 8. Не может быть, что они жили в Санкт-Петербурге. 9. Он, должно быть, на работе. 10. Он, должно быть, был на работе. 11. Он, может быть, на работе. 12.Он, может быть, был на работе. 13. Может быть, он и на работе (хотя едва ли). 14. Может быть, он и был на работе (хотя едва ли). 15. Не может быть, что он на работе. 16. Не может быть, что он был на работе. Упр. 492. Перепишите сначала все предлож ния, в которых модальный глагол may (might) выражает разрешение, а затем предложения в которых он выражает предположение. Переведите предложения на русский язык. 1. Children may borrow books from the school library. 2. I may show him your reports later. I don't know. 3. Your hair is getting rather thin, sir, may I advise to change your parting1? 4. Mother, may I have a glass of light beer? 5. I may have wrecked my own life, but I will not let you wreck yours. 6. Justice may be slow, mother, but it comes in the end. 7. He may have written the letter, but the signature is certainly not his. 8. It might have been worse. 9. May I come and see you some day? 10. We asked the teacher if we might use dictionaries. Упр. 493. Перефразируйте следующие пред-|ложения, употребляя модальный глагол may. E.g. Possibly you left your book behind. You may have left your book behind. 1. Perhaps you left your umbrella in the bus. 2. Perhaps he went to the cafe to wait for us. 3. Perhaps it was Helen who rang you up. 4. Perhaps they came by plane. 5. Perhaps she had a very good English teacher. 6. Perhaps it was too cold for the children to go out. 7. It is possible that he took his children to the zoo. 8. Possibly they did not see us in the crowd. 9. Perhaps Robert used a dictionary. 10. Possibly Mary misunderstood you. 11. Perhaps Henry waited for us there. 12. Possibly Ann returned very late last night. 13. Possibly they have seen the new play. 1 4. Perhaps Nick has left his exercise-book at home. Упр. 494. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя модальный глагол may. 1. Perhaps he is at home, but I am not sure he is. 2. It is possible that we studied at the same school, but I don't remember her. 3. Perhaps she was proud of her knowledge, but she never showed it to her classmates. 4. Perhaps there was a chance for him to win the match. 5. Perhaps Peter was as capable as the old workers, but he was given no chance to show his skill. 6. It is possible that your brother has never heard about this singer. 7. Perhaps she tried to enter the university, but failed. 8. It is possible that you asked the wrong people, that's why you didn't get the right answer. 9. Perhaps our friends will arrive here tomorrow. 10. Perhaps they will come home very soon: be ready. 11. Perhaps the question was too difficult for her. 12. Try this delicious drink: perhaps you will like it. 13. Why didn't Nick ring us up? — It is possible that he forgot about it. Упр. 495. Вставьте модальный глагол may или might. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива. 1. ... I (to ask) you to take off your hat? 2. She asked me if she ... (to turn) on the light. 3. I am afraid it ... (not to stop) raining by the morning. 4. Don't scold her: the task ... (to be) too difficult for her, that's why she made rather many mistakes. 5. If they'don't miss the train, they ... (to arrive) in time. 6. Why isn't he here yet? What has happened? — Oh, he ... (to miss) the train. 7. He ... (to do) very hard work. That's why he looks so tired now. Упр. 496. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальный глагол may. 1. Может быть, мы поедем на Волгу. 2. Может быть, она придет завтра. 3. Может быть, я куплю эту книгу в Москве. 4. Возможно, она пришлет нам телеграмму. 5. Возможно, они забудут принести газету. 6. Возможно, мой брат забыл позвонить вам. 7. Возможно, она уже купила билеты. 8. Может быть, он уже сделал уроки. 9. Может быть, моя сестра уже поговорила с ними. 10. Возможно, они уехали за границу. 11. Может быть, бабушка спит. 12. Может быть, дети играют у реки. 13. Возможно, они сейчас как-раз обсуждают этот вопрос. 14. Возможно, они как-раз сейчас обедают. 15. Может быть, он сейчас лежит на траве и смотрит на облака. Упр. 497. Перепишите сначала все предложе-ния, в которых модальный глагол must выра-жает долженствование, а затем предложения, в которых он выражает предположение. Переве-дите предложения на русский язык. 1. You must be a fool to think so. 2. The work I must have been carried out in secret for quite a long time. 3. The question must be solved before we begin doing anything. 4. Mind, you mustn't spend all the money. 5. You must take a taxi if you want to catch that train. 6. You must tell your mother about it. 7. But she must have seen him! 8. Oh, John, think how she must be suffering! 9. Is she waiting? She must have been waiting for an hour. 10. "Oh, Auntie," he answered, "you mustn't talk like that." 11. And remember, you must come and see the baby as soon as you can. 12. You must go home now, Georgie. Упр. 498. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя модальный глагол must. E.g. Probably I left my textbook in the classroom. I must have left my textbook in the classroom. 1. Probably I left my bag in the canteen. 2. Probably you left your umbrella in the bus. 3. Probably Mary forgot to call me. 4. Probably mother took my umbrella. 5. Probably I have seen you before: your face is familiar to me. 6. Probably you left your exercise-book at school. 7. Evidently she has left the town. 8. Probably Mike has gone to the teachers' room. 9. Probably Tom and Nick are playing football. 10. Probably Helen has got a bad mark. 11. Evidently they have solved the problem. 12. Evidently the pupils have finished writing their composition. 13. Obviously he forgot to warn them. 14. Evidently the meeting was cancelled. 15. Evidently he forgot to send them a telegram. 16. Evidently there was something wrong with the tape-recorder. Упр. 499. Перефразируйте следующие предложения, употребляя модальный глагол must. 1. You have been absent very long. I am sun you feel hungry. 2. Where are the children? -They are at the river with Nick. I am sure they an having a very good time. 3. He has probably worke' very hard to finish his book. 4. She is a very expe rienced doctor. I am sure she has been working at this hospital for at least fifteen years. 5. Look! Helen's windows are open. I feel sure she is at home. 6. The Smiths have always been great football fans. I am sure they are at the stadium watching the football match. 7. Probably they have changed the school programme. My granddaugh ter knows a great deal more than I did when I was her age. 8. It is probably a very difficult rule. 9. I am sure it is pleasant to spend summer in such a picturesque place. 10. You have probably read books of this author before. 11. I feel sure they are preparing a surprise for us. 12. These old legends were probably composed about a thousand years ago. 13. It is probably nine o'clock now. 14. He is very old. I think he is nearly eighty. 15. It is prob-ably time to go now. Упр. 500. Перефразируйте следующие пред-|ложения, употребляя модальный глагол must. I. I think it is time for the bell to ring. 2. I am almost sure they have this book in the library. 3. Probably he recognized you by your photo in he papers. 4. He is sure to be in at this time. 5. Of course she is trying to help you. 6. She is certain to be waiting for you at home. 7. Probably he was already ill. 8. There is little doubt that the first experiment failed. 9. No doubt, she knew what she was going to do. 10. I am sure she is fond of the child. 11. They are sure to have taken the wrong turning. 12. Probably he was taken there by car. Упр. 501. Переведите на английский язык, ютребляя модальный глагол must. 1. Должно быть, он знает несколько иностранных языков. 2. Должно быть, он сейчас работает над этой проблемой. 3. Наверное, они сейчас наслаждаются прекрасной погодой. 4. Наверное, она пытается найти старые письма. 5. Вероятно, они сейчас любуются красотой южной природы. 6. Вероятно, он уже вернулся с юга. 7. Наверное, она потеряла мой адрес. 8. Должно быть, они уже закончили свою работу. 9. Вероятно, он все рассказал на суде. 10. Должно быть, она все приготовила заранее. 11. Должно быть, он еще здесь. 12. Должно быть, они только что пришли. 13. По-видимому, он унес бумаги с собой. 14. Очевидно, здесь уже кто-то был. 15. Вероятно, они над ним смеются. 16. Должно быть, они тогда жили здесь. 17. Должно быть, идет дождь. 18. Вероятно, это здесь. Упр. 502. Раскройте скобки, употребляя требующуюся форму инфинитива. 1. Не knows mathematics much better than he did last year. He must (to work) a lot in summer. 2. Your mathematics is very poor. You must (to work) at it in summer. 3. Where is Peter? — Oh, he must (to read) in the library. He is getting ready for a very difficult examination. 4. You must (to study) English for several years already. Your language is very good. 5. Oh, look how white and clean everything is! It must (to snow) at night. 6. Oh, you are all in snow, you look like a snowman. It must (to snow) heavily. 7. Look, what huge snowdrifts there are everywhere, and the path is •covered with knee-deep snow. It must (to snow) for several hours already. 8. You look fresh! You must (to have) a good sleep at night. 9. You look very tired. You must (to have) a good sleep at night.
Упр. 503. Переведите на русский язык. 1. Не must have taken it. 2. He had to take it. 3. He must be trying to find the lost stamp. 4. You must try to find the lost stamp. 5. She must be the youngest child in this group. 6. If you want to become a good football player, you must be an all-round athlete. 7. I had to read the letter twice before I understood it. 8. He must have read the letter many times. 9. What must you think of me? 10. They must be talking about us. Упр. 504. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальные глаголы must или to have to. Употребляйте to have to только в тех случаях, когда must употребить нельзя. 1. Я должна прочесть эту книгу. 2. Она, должно быть, читает эту книгу. 3. Мама была больна, и мне пришлось вести сестру в школу. 4. Они, должно быть, играют во дворе. 5. Я должен был пойти в канцелярию. 6. Должно быть, она пошла в канцелярию. 7. Вы должны поговорить с ней. 8. Должно быть, они сейчас разговаривают об этом. 9. Мне пришлось написать об этом сестре. 10. Она, должно быть, написала сестре. Упр. 505. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя модальные глаголы must, to have to или to be to. 1. Мне предстоит сделать много работы сегодня. 2. Мне пришлось идти туда самому. 3. Вам придется немного подождать. 4. Когда он должен прийти? (как вы договорились?) 5. Поезд должен был прибыть через несколько минут. 6. Должно быть, он очень умен. 7. Должно быть, он вас узнал. 8. Ему предстояло пойти к директору и объяснить свое поведение. 9. Вам придется поговорить с ней. 10. Им пришлось очень долго идти пешком. 11. Ему не придется переписывать сочинение. 12. Должно быть, он пишет ее портрет. 13. Вероятно, они уже ушли. 14. Ему предстояло совершить удивительное открытие. Обратите внимание, что в вопросительных предложениях глагол CAN может выражать недоумение (неужели ...?) , Can she have spent all the money? — Неужели она истратила все деньги? |