178- Английский язык для юристов_Зеликман_1999. Ббк 81. 2 Англ. З 31
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UNIT 8Фонетика: sounds [u:], [u] Словообразование: суффиксы глагола -fy, -ate, -en Грамматика: будущее время Simple Future, сравнительные конструкции as...as; not so...as Текст: «Elections» 8.1. Sound right 8.1.1. Listen, look, say: too tomb tooth tool due junior boo booed boot cool view prudent rue rude route rule hue wounded who whom hoot fool new whooping coo cooed coot pull few balloon sou soon soup spool pew protrude Lou lose loose stool stew include 8.1.2. Listen, look, say: 1. Who'll do the rooms? 2. Do as I do. 3. Sue's true blue. 4. Ruth can't say boo to a goose. 5. You are a nuisance, too. 6. Don't you be too soon, Bruce. 7. Lou grew too big for his boots. 8. Prue knew who's who. 9. I see Prudie once in a blue moon. 10. Read the newspaper review through and through. 8.1.3. Listen and look. Pay attention to the sound [u]: [u] as in good, [u:] as in boot. I A. Who would he choose? B. He'd choose you. A. He wouldn't choose me — I'm much too young. He doesn't think I could do it. B. Well, if he wouldn't choose you, who would he choose? A. He'd choose Wood. Wood's very good. B. Mm-much too good to be true. II A. We should be there by two. B. Yes. It's a full moon. And the route's good. A. I'll put the things in the boot. B. The boot's full. A. What has that fool put in the boot? B. I wouldn't look if I were you... A. Or I should say ... who's he put in the boot? 8.1.4. Listen, look, say. Pay attention to the intonation. 8.1.5. Read the dialogues in pairs. 8.1.6. Listen, look, say: good look woman full could put sugar bull would foot pudding wool should book butcher wolf room push woolen wolves hood cook cushion pulpit wood puss bullet pullman 8.1.7. Listen, look, say: 1. It looks good. 2. Put your foot down. 3. Keep a good look out. 4. Fuller took good aim. 5. I wouldn't put it past Foots. 6. Woolner refused to put foot out. 7. It wouldn't look good, would it? 8. Wolf is put to the push. 9. Would you help the woman, if you could? 10. I couldn't help looking, could I? 11. If only Foot should pull through. 12. Pull devil! Pull baker! Bully for you! 8.1.8. Listen and look. Pay attention to the sound [u]: [u] as in foot, [] as in cut. I A. I've cut my foot. B. Let me look. Ummm... Not much of a cut. No blood. Just put a plaster on it. Cover it up. A. It's the other foot actually. II A. Could you come for lunch? B. I wish I could come, but... A. I'm cooking a duck. B. A duck? Mmmm... A. I've just made the pudding. B. Oh! A pudding? A. With nuts! B. Nuts? Mmmm... A wonderful lunch! Wonderful! A. It would be lovely if you could come. B. I'd love to come mother... A. Good. Come at once. B. But... 8.1.9. Listen, look, say. Pay attention to the intonation. 8.1.10. Read the dialogue in pairs. *8.1.11. Try to read the toungue-twister as fast as you can. A tutor who taught on the flute, Tried to teach two young footers to toot. Said the two to the tutor: «It is harder to toot, or To tutor two tooters to toot?» 8.2. Word-building: -ify, -ate, -en 8.2.1. Paraphrase the following word-combinations using -ify: make or become more intense; arrange in classes; make simple; make pure; unite (form into one). 8.2.2. Make pairs of antonyms: complicate purify pollute horrify separate simplify please nullify establish unify 8.2.3. Give Russian equivalents for the following verbs with suffix -en: darken, broaden, tighten, sweeten, deepen, strengthen, threaten, sharpen, blacken, redden. 8.2.4. Answer the questions: 1. When. do the days begin to lengthen? 2. What did the fascists threaten to do? 3. What heightens your interest in your studies? 4. What can you do to brighten the classroom? 5. What strengthens the world peace? 8.3. Full understanding 8.3.1. Смотрите, слушайте, повторяйте: constitution, organ, candidate ['knddt], to inform, deputy ['depjut], local, periodically, President, practice ['prkts], register ['redst], guarantee [,gr()n't], qualification, Democrats ['demkrts], Republicans, platform, Russia, referendum, Federation. *8.3.2. Смотрите, слушайте, повторяйте, запоминайте: New words: population — население suffrage ['sfr] — избирательное право citizen — гражданин mass media — средства массовой информации majority — большинство to elect — выбирать elector — выборщик to represent — представлять voter — избиратель to receive — получать as well as — так же, как right (n) — право to participate — принимать участие set — набор, список authority — власть School vocabulary: both ... and *8.3.3. Прочитайте и переведите: Elections Tomorrow is the great day for Peter Sokolov. For the first time in his life he'll take part in the general elections of this country. According to the constitution of Russia all organs of state power are elected by the entire adult population on the basis of universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot1. The right to elect and be elected to the bodies of state power and local authorities, and also to take part in the referendum is guaranteed by the Constitution of Russian Federation. Pete will vote for some candidate tomorrow, but he himself can't be elected yet, because he's only 18. Under the law every citizen of this country at the age of 21 can be elected to the Parliament. The candidate whom Pete will vote for was nominated by the university. Pete knows that periodically the deputies will inform their electors about their activity during the meetings with them and also with the help of mass media. Jane Snow will also take part in the elections of the President next year. But her vote isn't a direct one. In November voters in each state give their votes for candidates. By practice the electors must vote for the candidate who gets majority of votes in their state even if his majority is very small. Before voting in November every citizen must register in accordance with the laws of his state. This gives him the right of participating in «primaries»2. The US constitution guarantees every citizen the right to vote but the states with the help of numerous qualifications deprive a lot of people of this right. And those who do vote can only make their choice practically between two sets of candidates — Democrats and Republicans whose political platforms are practically alike. 1. universal, equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot — всеобщее, равное и прямое избирательное право при тайном голосовании 2. «primaries» — первичные выборы 8.3.4. Вы собираетесь пригласить вашего друга на вечер. Спросите его, что он будет делать завтра. 8.3.5. Несколько студентов сказали преподавателю, что вы и некоторые ваши друзья собираетесь совершить завтра нечто ужасное. Разубедите его, скажите, что вы не сделаете ничего подобного. 8.3.6. Перед вами диалог между двумя подозреваемыми. Но вам известны слова только одного из них. Восстановите слова его собеседника. 1. ... 2. Yes, I will. I'll come and bring everything. 1... 2. I think I'll come at 2 as usual. 1. ... 2. I'll leave everything at our usual place. 1. ... 2. No, I won't. Nobody will know about it. 1. ... 2. No, I won't. I'll wait for your telephone call. *8.3.7. Скажите по-английски: 1. В следующем году я приму участие в выборах. 2. Через 5 лет мы станем юристами. 3. Не приходи ко мне в 6. Меня не будет дома в это время. 4. Президент не будет выступать перед избирателями завтра. 5. Кто будет представлять кандидата на собрании? 6. Большинство граждан будет голосовать за этого кандидата. 7. Вы будете выдвигать своего кандидата на выборах? — Нет, не будем. 8. Когда ты будешь встречаться с избирателями? 8.3.8. Предположим, что вы — следователь. В вашем распоряжении несколько предложений, собранных попарно. Если вы соедините каждую пару в одно предложение, вы получите очень важную информацию. 1. You will knock at the door three times. Miss Black will open the door. 2. You will come in time. You will receive some very important information. 3. You will get into the house. You will find the sealed letter. 4. You won't phone him. There will be a crime. 5. The Smiths won't pay money immediately. Their son won't return. 8.3.9. Предположим, что вы — свидетель. Вы знаете трех подозреваемых: Mr. Green, Mr. Brown and Mr. White. Следователь просит вас дать сравнительные характеристики всех троих. Эта информация будет ему очень полезна. Height Weight Size Arms Ears (foot) GREEN 5'6" 12st 11lb 8 very long normal BROWN 6'1" 13st 2lb 9 long large WHITE 4'8" 9st 5lb 7 short small ' - ft (30,5 cm);" - in (inch) - 2,5 cm; 1 foot - 12 inches; st (stone) — 6,5 kg; lb (pound) — 0,5 kg; 1 stone — 14 pounds 8.3.10. Двое ваших друзей никак не могут прийти к соглашению, сравнивая свой рост и вес. Помогите им. * 8.3.11. Скажите по-английски: 1. Сегодня мы выучили столько же английских слов, сколько и вчера. 2. Завтра мы придем на занятия раньше, чем обычно. 3. Завтра у Петра самый важный день. 4. Мне нужно гораздо меньше времени, чтобы прочитать текст, чем перевести его. 5. Вчера лекции начались не так рано, как обычно. 6. Ростовский университет моложе МГУ. 7. Наше общежитие в центре города гораздо старше общежития на Западном. 8. Наш новый преподаватель самый молодой на факультете. 9. Чем больше я читаю произведения этого писателя, тем больше они мне нравятся. 10. Чем громче ты кричишь, тем меньше я тебя понимаю. 8.3.12. А теперь снова конкурс на звание лучшего переводчика. В первом туре вам предстоит перевести следующие предложения: 1. For the first time in his life he'll take part in the general elections. 2. The entire adult population takes part in the election of the organs of state power. 3. The majority of the citizens of this country enjoy their suffrage. 4. Both you and your friend will represent our organization. 5. The voter couldn't make a choice between two candidates, because both of them had represented similar programmes. 6. He had no right to receive the representatives of that country. 8.3.13. Во втором туре вы должны перевести эти предложения вновь на английский язык. (Книги закрыты.) 8.3.14. Третий тур. Постарайтесь закончить следующие предложения из текста, не заглядывая в книгу: 1. Voters in each state... 2. Before voting in November every citizen must... 3. The state with the help of numerous qualifications... * 8.3.15. Предположим, что вы — Петр или Джейн. Вам интересно, как проходят выборы в ваших странах. Расспросите друг друга. *8.3.16. Вам предстоит написать статью о различиях в избирательных системах России и США. Прежде чем писать статью, необходимо составить план. Сделайте это так: Russia The USA 1. ................ 1................. *8.3.17. Представьте опять, что вы — Петр или Джейн. Вы только что побеседовали о выборах в ваших странах и теперь расскажите вашим друзьям, что вы узнали об избирательных системах России и США. 8.4. Practice in communication (Accusal and Defence) 8.4.1. Read and try to remember: Someone accuses you of having done something wrong. You know or feel you haven't done it. Here are some ways of defending yourself. 1. I'm sorry, but I don't think I did/you're right. 2. Oh, no. I didn't. 3. Really ? Did I ? 4. Are you sure ? 5. What makes you think/say that ? 8.4.2. Tell someone that he or she: 1. told you a lie; 2. stole your gloves (handbag, passport); 3. owes you some money; 4. left the lights on; 5. left the car door open; 6. took your umbrella; 7. dropped some ink on your new carpet. He or she will respond by using one of expressions in 8.4.1. 8.4.3. Look through the dialogues and insert the missed parts. Dramatize the dialogues. I A. Any more fares? B. Oxford Circus, please. A. The fare's 30p now, sir. B. Yes, I know. A. But you only gave me 10 p. B. No, ... I ... A. Look, here's the 10 p you gave me. B. Are...? A. Absolutely sure. B. I'm sorry, but I don't think... But anyhow here's another 20 p. II A. You still owe me 10, you know. B. No, I don't... (right). A. Oh, yes; I am. B. ...? A. Absolutely. 8.4.4. Accuse your partner of something. He/she will defend him/herself. 8.5. General understanding 8.5.1. Read the text. Try to understand it and be ready to answer the questions. The man who escaped (Episode 8) 1. Baxter got into the car first. Halls was right behind him. «You drive. You know the area better than I do». Baxter said. They raced out of the town and into the dark countryside. Ten minutes later, about three miles from the old lady's house, Baxter suddenly saw someone on the dark road ahead. «Look! There!» he shouted. «There's someone on a bike! And look! He's going to get off!» Halls saw the man quite clearly, but only for a second. As soon as the man saw they were in a police car, he dropped his bike and ran into the trees at the side of the road. «That's Coke!» Baxter shouted. «He isn't going get away this time!» Baxter jumped out of the car even before Halls stopped it, and ran after Coke. Halls jumped out, too. He didn't switch off the headlights. 2. All Coke's training as a soldier helped him now. Baxter was just behind him when Coke suddenly turned. Baxter tried to grab him but almost tost his balance. Then Coke hit him on the chin as hard as he could. Baxter fell to the ground heavily. At that moment, Halls jumped on Coke from behind but Coke threw him over his back and against a tree and then ran back towards the road before Halls could get up. Even when he did, he fell to the ground again. There was a terrible pain in his ribs. Coke saw the police car very clearly. The headlights were still on and the door was open. Coke jumped in. When Baxter and Halls came to themselves it was too late. Coke was gone and so was their car. Coke drove for about twenty minutes. He felt nervous in the police car but he knew it was his only chance. Suddenly something on the road ahead attracted his attention. Two police cars were there, side by side, blocking the road. Nothing could get by them! 3. The two policemen at the road block were bored. Suddenly they saw a car coming towards them. «It's a police car», one of them said. «Perhaps they're bringing us some hot coffee, or something to eat». The car was still a good distance away. «Isn't it going to stop?» «It doesn't look like it. Shall we stop it? Our orders are to stop every car». Just then, they heard the two-tone sound of the horn. «Would you move the car out of the way, Bob, or shall I?» «But our orders were...» «You don't think Coke's going to come through here in a police car, do you?» The policemen hardly had time to move back their cars when Coke shot through the narrow gap and raced down the road in the direction of London. 8.5.2. Choose the correct answer. Don't use the text. 1. As soon as the man saw they were in a police car... a) he began to drive faster; b) he dropped his bike and ran into the trees; c) he stopped and walked for them. 2. When Halls jumped on Coke from behind Coke... a) threw him over his back; b) hit him on the chin; c) seized him. 3. Coke could get into the car because... a) the headlights were on; b) the door was open; c) he had the key. 4. The policemen let Coke pass because... a) they recognized him; b) they thought it was the police officer in the car; c) he signalled to them. 8.5.3. Answer the teacher's questions. (Books closed.) 1. Where did Halls and Baxter see Coke? 2. What did Coke do as soon as he saw the police car? 3. What helped Coke to escape this time? 4. What did Halls feel? 5. What did Coke see on the road? 6. What did the policemen think about the car coming towards them? 8.5.4. Give the main idea of the extract in 3-4 sentences. 8.6. Scanning practice 8.6.1. Read the questions. Be sure you've got them well in mind. 1. Where did he think he lost the lighter? 2. What did he take with him when he went to the police station? 3. What did he realize when he got home? 8.6.2. Start scanning the text. Don't fail to note your time. How I lost my lighter The last time I went to Exham I lost my lighter. The lighter was old but it had been a present from my mother. I tried hard to remember where and how I could have lost it. I wondered when I had last used it. At first I could not remember. Then I knew. It had been on that bus I had taken on my way back from the National Gallery to the boarding-house. An old man had asked me to give him a light and I had. I well remembered how he handed the lighter back to me, so it must have disappeared either while I was on the bus or later, in the street, between the bus stop and my boarding-house because it was there that I discovered my loss. So I decided to get in touch with the police. Off I went. The moment I stepped outside the door I realized it was raining hard, so I returned to my room to take my umbrella. I reported my loss to the officer on duty at the enquiry desk saying that the lighter had my initials engraved on it: N. S. «Very well. Let's see the lost-and-found book». The police officer lifted a heavy black book on to his desk, opened it, and ran his finger down the page. «Quite a few things have been brought in from all over the district today. Keys, wallet, glasses, handbag, bottle of whisky, right glove, umbrella, pocket transistor, two books, camera...» The officer continued his list of objects for a little longer and then suddenly he raised his voice: «Lighter! What did you say your initials are, sir?» «N. S., sergeant». «And N. S. they are». The rest was a simple formality. The officer gave me my lighter and filled out a form for me to sign. I left a tenshilling note as a reward for the finder, and left the police-station. I took a taxi home, and only after I had got home did I realize that I had left my umbrella at the police-station. (349 words) 8.6.3. Answer the questions in 8.6.1. 8.7. Listening practice 8.7.1. Look at the following questions. You'll have to answer them after listening to the text. 1. Why is Peter looking at his watch? 2. Who's going into the cinema? 3. What are some people doing? 4. Where's Peter sitting? 5. What's a lady wearing? 6. Why's Lulu unhappy? 7. Why is the girl in the film crying «Help!»? 8.7.2. Listen to the story. 8.7.3. Answer the questions in 8.7.1. 8.7.4. Look through the list of words. They will help you to understand the text. terrific — потрясающий 8.7.5. Listen to the dialogue. Be ready to give the contents of it in Russian. 8.7.6. Tell the contents of the dialogue in Russian as close to the text as possible. 8.8. Time for fun 8.8.1. Read and translate the jokes. 1. It only made matters worse A husband said to his friend: «My wife doesn't allow me to sleep. She is afraid of thieves, she wakes me up if she hears the slightest noise, and makes me get up to see if there are burglars in the house». «You can easily get over that difficulty. Just explain to your wife that thieves don't make any noise; they work quietly and don't disturb anybody». «I've already done that, old man, but it only made matters worse. Now she gets me up several times every night because she hears nothing». 2. «Have you anything to say for yourself before I pass the sentence?» the judge said to the pickpocket. «What good have you ever done for mankind?» «Well, Your Honour», said the prisoner, «I've kept four or five detectives working regularly and I've helped several reporters, prison guards, and you keep their jobs». |