Just_English_2 часть. Just English. Английский для юристов 43
 Скачать 1.96 Mb.
|
|
U  NIT 2. PRISON POPULATIONTASK 1. Read the text below and answer the following questions: 1. What are the main categories of inmates? .2. Where are long-term prisoners usually held?
Nowadays prisoners are kept in separate institutions according to the severity of crime committed, as well as to the age, sex and other conditions. Consequently, the inmates include unconvicted prisoners, juvenile delinquents, women prisoners, recidivists and life-sentence prisoners. Most prisoners serving longer sentences are held in correctional institutions, which are usually large maximum-security buildings holding offenders in conditions of strict security. Young offenders
TASK 4. Read the following text and write down Russian equivalents for sentences given in bold type: Prison Inmates Unconvicted Prisoners Some of the prison population consists of unconvicted prisoners held in custody and awaiting trial. These prisoners are presumed 162 Just English. Английский для юристов to be innocent and are treated accordingly. They are allowed all reasonable facilities to seek release on bail, prepare for trial, maintain contact with relatives and friends, and pursue legitimate business and social interests. They also have the right to wear their own clothes and can write and receive unlimited number of letters. Y  oung OffendersIn Britain, young offenders are held in reformatories, which are designed for the treatment, training and social rehabilitation of youth. School-age delinquents are kept in residential training schools, and young offenders between the ages of 16 and 25 who have been convicted of a criminal act serve in special facilities. The most famous of these is the Borstal Institution. Women prisoners Women are usually held in smaller prisons with special programmes and recreational opportunities offered to reflect stereotyped female roles, with emphasis on housekeeping, sewing and typing skills. Women prisoners do not wear prison uniform and there is a clothing allowance to help pay for clothes while in prison. Some prisons provide mother and baby units, which enable babies to remain with their mothers where that is found to be in the best interests of the child. In addition to the usual visiting arrangement, several prisons allow extended visits to enable women to spend the whole day with their children in an informal atmosphere. Habitual offenders Criminals who have frequently been apprehended and convicted, who have manifested a settled practice in crime, and who are presumed to be a danger to the society in which they live are referred to as habitual offenders. Studies of the yearly intake of prisons, reformatories, and jails in the United States and Europe show that from one-half to two-thirds of those imprisoned have served previous sentences in the same or in other institutions. The conclusion is that the criminal population is made up largely of those for whom criminal behaviour has become habitual; moreover, penal institutions appear to do little to change their basic behaviour patterns. Though the percentage of recidivists runs high for all offenders, it is greatest among those convicted of such minor charges as vagrancy, drunkenness, prostitution, and disturbing the peace. These are more likely than serious criminal charges to result from an entire way of life. Accordingly, their root causes are rarely susceptible to cure by jailing. Chapter V. Imprisonment: Retribution or Rehabilitation? J63 L  ife-sentence prisonersSince capital punishment has been abolished in Britain, the | severest penalty for the most atrocious crimes, such as murder, is life imprisonment. Those serving life sentences for the murder of police and prison officers, terrorist murders, murder by firearms in the cause of robbery and the sexual or sadistic murder of children are normally detained for at least twenty years. Life sentences for offences other than murder can be reduced up to nine years. On release, all life-sentence prisoners remain on licence for the rest of their lives and are subject to recall should their behaviour suggest that they might again be a danger to the public. TASK 5. Find in the text above the English equivalents for the following words and expressions:
TASK 6. Answer the following questions:
TASK 7. The word BAIL has the following meanings in legal Russian: 1) поручительство civil bail — поручительство в гражданском процессе 164 Just English. Английский для юристов Chapter V. Imprisonment: Retribution or Rehabilitation? 165   2) передача на поруки; брать на поруки; передавать напоруки to free on bail — освободить на поруки 3) поручитель; поручители to be /to go bail — стать поручителем 4) залог при передаче на поруки excessive bail — чрезмерная сумма залога Match the following English expressions with their Russian equivalents: university extension courses. In 1916 he stabbed and killed a guard and was tried, convicted and sentenced to hanging, but in 1920 President Woodrow Wilson commuted his sentence to life imprisonment in solitary confinement. Thereafter, mostly in solitary confinement, he began raising canaries and other birds, collecting laboratory equipment, and studying the diseases of birds and their breeding and care. Some of his research writings were smuggled out of prison and published in 1943. Later, however, he was allowed to continue his research but denied further right of publication. His research was considered an important work in the field of ornithology.
TASK 8. Read the article below and write down the criminal record of the convict: A Lifer Keen on Canaries Robert Franklin is an American criminal, a convicted murderer who became a self-taught ornithologist during his 54 years in prison, forty-two of them in solitary confinement. He became known for his contribution to the study of birds. At the age of 13 Franklin ran away from home and, by the age of 18, was in Alaska, working as a pimp and living with a dance-hall girl. An argument over the girl led to his fighting and killing a man. Pleading guilty to manslaughter in 1909, he was sentenced to 12 years in a federal prison. After stabbing a fellow prisoner and proving generally troublesome, he was transferred to Kansas, where he continued to be a loner but began to educate himself, taking DISCUSSION Using the vocabulary and facts from the Unit discuss the following:
U  NIT 3. PRISON LIFETASK 1. Read the following text and write down Russian equivalents for sentences given in bold type: Among the 'pains of imprisonment' that both male and female inmates face are, in the first place, the deprivation of liberty and the loneliness and boredom of imprisonment. Second, prisoners are deprived of all goods and services from the outside world. Stripped of possessions, they often equate their material losses with personal inadequacy. The third deprivation for the majority is the absence of heterosexual relationships. Fourth, prisoners are subjected to vast body of institutional regulations designed to control every aspect of behaviour. In part this control forms the deprivation of freedom that is the essence of imprisonment, and in part it is necessary adjunct as a means of maintaining security, controlling the introduction of weapons, contraband substances and preventing escapes. |
