Практикум по англ яз ЮС. Новороссийск
 Скачать 0.51 Mb.
|
|
Test II
Jurisdiction Federal Court of Appeal Chief Justice Court of last resort Minor trial court Major trial court State courts To be appointed for life District court Circuit court
Federal courts are also organized in three tiers, like a pyramid: district courts, courts of appeals and the Supreme Court. All federal judges are appointed for life. There are about ninety four district courts in different parts of the United States. The district courts are the lowest ones in the Federal court system. Most of the criminal and civil cases are tried by these courts. The district court is the only Federal court where trials are held, juries are used, and witnesses are called. There are about two hundred district judges in the USA. All cases resolved in the district courts and all decisions of federal administrative agencies can be appealed to one of the thirteen federal circuit courts. There are no jurors, witnesses, cross-examinations and other features of the trial courts here. The judges sit in panels made up of three judges each, examining rulings made and procedures followed in the trial courts. For most cases the circuit courts are the end of the line, but in some cases an appeal may be made to the highest court in the land: the U.S. Supreme Court.
Test III
Original jurisdiction US Courts of Appeal Government Signed opinions Judge Municipal court Murder Lawyer Supreme Court Jury
4. Переведите следующий отрывок из текста: The American court system is complex, mainly because of the federal system of government in the USA. Each state runs its own court system, and no two are identical. In addition, there is a separate system of federal courts, which operates alongside the state courts. The structure of state courts varies from state to state. Usually there are minor trial courts for less serious cases, major trial courts for more serious cases, intermediate appellate courts and courts of last resort. The state’s minor trial courts have various names: justice courts, small-claim courts, traffic courts, police courts, municipal courts, mayors’ courts. The judges in these courts are usually quite professional, but some states still have Justices of the Peace – men and women who have never gone to law school and never taken the bar exam. The next level of the pyramid is made up of state’s courts of general jurisdiction, which are the basic trial courts. These courts hear civil cases involving larger amounts of money than in minor trial courts. They also handle cases of serious crime, such as burglary, rape and murder. The judges are always lawyers. 5. Ответьте на следующие вопросы: 1. Why is the American court system complex? 2. What are the main courts in the USA? 3. What are the various names of the state’s minor trial courts? 4. Who works at the state’s minor trial courts? Test IV
Statute Common law and Equity Judgement Magistrate To try County Crown court Jury Written law Lay magistrate
The American court system is complex, mainly because of the federal system of government in the USA. Each state runs its own court system, and no two are identical. In addition, there is a separate system of federal courts, which operates alongside the state courts. The structure of state courts varies from state to state. Usually there are minor trial courts for less serious cases, major trial courts for more serious cases, intermediate appellate courts and courts of last resort. The state’s minor trial courts have various names: justice courts, small-claim courts, traffic courts, police courts, municipal courts, mayors’ courts. The judges in these courts are usually quite professional, but some states still have Justices of the Peace – men and women who have never gone to law school and never taken the bar exam. The next level of the pyramid is made up of state’s courts of general jurisdiction, which are the basic trial courts. These courts hear civil cases involving larger amounts of money than in minor trial courts. They also handle cases of serious crime, such as burglary, rape and murder. The judges are always lawyers. 5. Ответьте на следующие вопросы: 1. Why is the American court system complex? 2. What are the main courts in the USA? 3. What are the various names of the state’s minor trial courts? 4. Who works at the state’s minor trial courts? Test V
Major trial court State courts To be appointed for life Sources of law Written Law Judge Civil Law Magistrates’ court Civil case Original jurisdiction US Courts of Appeal Government Signed opinions
The sources of law include written law (statutes, Acts of Parliament) and unwritten law (Common law and Equity). Common law is based on judicial precedent. It means that when one judge had decided a point of law, any other judge who has the similar set of facts must decide case in the same way as in the earlier judgment. The lowest courts are called Magistrates’ courts, or police courts. Magistrates’ courts are presided over by Justices of the Peace (JP), or lay magistrates. They work part-time and are unpaid. The courts consist of between two to seven magistrates. The Crown court deals with all more serious criminal cases. Appeals from Magistrates’ courts are also heard there. The accused have the right to be tried by the jury. County courts are the main civil courts. The High court hears all those civil cases that cannot be decided by county courts. 5. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
Test VI
Court Legal system Sources of law Written Law State courts To be appointed for life District court Circuit court
4. Переведите следующий отрывок из текста: Federal courts are also organized in three tiers, like a pyramid: district courts, courts of appeals and the Supreme Court. All federal judges are appointed for life. There are about ninety four district courts in different parts of the United States. The district courts are the lowest ones in the Federal court system. Most of the criminal and civil cases are tried by these courts. The district court is the only Federal court where trials are held, juries are used, and witnesses are called. There are about two hundred district judges in the USA. All cases resolved in the district courts and all decisions of federal administrative agencies can be appealed to one of the thirteen federal circuit courts. There are no jurors, witnesses, cross-examinations and other features of the trial courts here. The judges sit in panels made up of three judges each, examining rulings made and procedures followed in the trial courts. For most cases the circuit courts are the end of the line, but in some cases an appeal may be made to the highest court in the land: the U.S. Supreme Court.
Прочитайте текст и решите, какой из трех предлагаемых вариантов А, В или С соответствует каждому из двадцати пропусков. Запишите ваш ответ в таблицу ответов. Вначале задания дан пример (0). The police (0)_______a man and a woman. They are in court now. A girl called Miss Exter (1)__ ___ the robbery. She (2)_______in the witness box. The judge and the 12members of the jury(3)_______her. A lawyer is asking her(4)_______questions. «Now, Miss Exter. You saw the bank robbery, (5)_______?» −«Yes, I did.» «You saw a man, didn’t you?»−«Yes,(6)_______I saw him when he went (7)_______ and when he (8)_______». «Now, (9)_______ the court. Can you see that man?»− «Yes, he is the man I saw.» − «He wasn’t (10)_______ when he went into the bank, (11)_______?» −«No, he was with a woman.» «Now, look around the court again. Can you see that woman?» − «Yes, she is the woman».− «(13)_______Miss Exter?» − «Yes, absolutely, they are the people I saw». – « Now, look at the man and the woman again. This is very important. What (14)_______ when he went into the bank?» – «I don’t remember it (15)_______. But I remember his hat and his bag.» «Look at the hat on the table. Is that the hat he (16)_______ …?» «Yes, and that is the bag he was(17)_______».– «Do you I remember (18)_______ about the woman?.» −«Yes, she was wearing a blond wig and black shoes» –« How do you know (19)_______ a wig, Miss Exter?» −«Because it fell off then she (20)_______to the car» № Пропускa Вариант А Вариант B Вариант С Ответ
wearing
Литература:
|