Практикум по англ яз ЮС. Новороссийск

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Практикум

по английскому языку

НОВОРОССИЙСК

2014

Рецензенты:

Составитель:

Т.В.Лугинец ., старший преподаватель кафедры международных отношений и иностранных языков НФ МГЭИ

О.В. Швец., кандидат филологических наук, заведующая кафедры международных отношений и иностранных языков НФ МГЭИ

Предлагаемый практикум предназначен для обучения английскому языку студентов Юридического факультета

Практикум строится согласно тематическому плану и рассматривает основные элементы государственных, правовых и судебных структур России, Великобритании и США. Основная цель пособия – обеспечить практическое владение обучающихся всеми видами речевой деятельности по данным темам.

В практикум включены современные профессионально-ориентированные материалы из правовых источников Великобритании и США, которые позволяют овладеть специальной лексикой, узнать о функционировании судебных структур данных стран, о работе полиции Великобритании и США, а также развить столь необходимые для юриста навыки анализа текста и ведения дискуссии. Каждая тема включает тексты для изучающего и синтетического чтения, а так же грамматический и лексический материал, Должное внимание уделяется коммуникативным упражнениям, которые включают:

- подстановочные упражнения, целью которых является правильное коммуникативное использование готовых вариантов;

- ситуационно обусловленные коммуникативные упражнения на завершение ситуации, аргументирование, выражения своего отношения и т.д.;

- упражнения, стимулирующие свободное высказывание, а также задания, которые требуют многократного обращения к тексту.

Практикум содержит тексты для основного чтения и тексты для дополнительного чтения, а также грамматический раздел

Оглавление:

Раздел I.

Unit 1 The political system of the UK, USA, RF--------------4

Unit 2 Prestige career .---------------------------------------------6

Unit 3 . The constitution of the Russian Federation---------7

Unit 4 Judicial System of the Russian Federation-----------10

Unit 5 International Law-----------------------------------------21

Unit 6 Legal Professions in Great Britain---------------------23

Unit 7 The History of UN-----------------------------------------26

Unit 8 What Is Law?-----------------------------------------------30

Раздел II.

Грамматика ---------------------------------------------------------------------32

Таблицы ---------------------------------------------------------------32

Active voice, Passive voice------------------------------------------32

Степени сравнения---------------------------------------------------33

Предлоги---------------------------------------------------------------33

Порядок слов в предложении--------------------------------------34

Склонение глаголов to be, to have, to do-------------------------35

Таблица вопросов ----------------------------------------------------35

Упражнения -----------------------------------------------------------38

Условные предложения---------------------------------------------48

Согласование времен. Косвенная речь--------------------------50

Test Review -----------------------------------------------------------------------54

Литература -----------------------------------------------------------------------65

Unit 1

The political system of the United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch. Queen Elizabeth II, as head of State. The organs of government are: Parliament, the executive and the judiciary, the legislature. Parliament, is the supreme authority. It comprises two chambers — the House of Lords and the House of Commons — together with the Queen in her constitutional role. The executive consists of the central Government — that is the Prime Minister and Cabinet and other ministers, who are responsible for initiating and directing the national policy government departments, local authorities and public corporations. The judiciary determines common law arid interprets status and is independent of both the legislature and the executive. The Government derives its authority from the elected House of Commons. A general election, for all seats in the House of Commons, must be held at least every five years. The Government is normally formed by the political party which is supported by the majority in the House of Commons. The party’s leader is appointed Prime Minister by the Queen and chooses a team of ministers, of whom 20-or so are in the Cabinet. The second largest party becomes the Official Opposition with its own leader and «Shadow Cabinet». The House of Commons comprises members from the constituencies in England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland who represent people whose history and traditions differ. The House of Lords is a hereditary Chamber. In Great Britain there is no written constitution, only customs, traditions and precedents. Vocabulary: monarch — монарх  government — правительство  the supreme authority — верховная власть  legislature — законодательная власть  executive — исполнительная власть  judiciary — судебная власть  derive — получить, извлекать  general election — всеобщие выборы  precedent — прецедент Questions 1. What form of Government is there in Britain? 2. What are the organs of the British Govermment? 3. What elements does the British Parliamen consist of? 4. What is the legislature? 5. What does the executive consists of? 6. Where does the Government derive its authority from? 7. How often must a general election be held? 8. Who becomes leader of the Opposition? 9. Is the British Constitution peculiar? The political system of the United States Of America The United States of America, a federation of 50 states was set up by the Constitution in 1787. Under the Constitution, the federal government is divided into three branches. The legislative power is vested in Congress. It is made up of two houses: the Senate and the House of Representatives. There are 100 senators and 435 members in the House of Representatives. Both houses must approve the bill for it to become a law. But before each bill is sorted by a committee. There are 16 standing committees in the Senate and 20 in the House of Representatives. The executive branch is headed by the President, who proposes bill to Congress, enforces federal laws, administers national government, makes treaties, serves as commandеr-in-chief of the armed forces and appoints higher officers. The President can veto a bill unless Congress by a two-thirds vote shall overrule him. The President is the head of the Cabinet which today has eleven members. The judicial branch is made up of Federal District Courts. 11 Federal Courts and the Supreme Court. Federal judges are appointed by the President for life. Federal Courts decide cases involving federal law conflicts between states or between states or between citizens of different states. The Supreme Court may rule the law to be unconstitutional. The Sectors are elected by popular vote for a term of six years two from each state, the Representatives are elected for two-year terms. The President is chosen in nation-wide elections every four years together with the Vice-President. Vocabulary: to vest in — облачить to approve — одобрить  bill — законопроект standing army — постоянная армия  to administer — управлять  to veto — наложить запрет  Supreme Court — Верховный Суд  popular vote — всенародное голосование The political system of the Russian Federation The Russian Federative Republic is set up by the Constitution of 1993. Under the Constitution Russia is a Presidential Republic. The federal government consists of three branches: legislative, executive and judicial. Each of them is checked and balanced by the President. The legislative power is vested in the Federal Assembly. It consists of two chambers. The Upper Chamber is the Council of Federation. The Lower Chamber is the State Duma (a Constituent Assembly). Each Chamber is headed by a speaker. Legislature may be initiated in either of the two Chambers. But to become a law a bell must be approved by both chambers and signed by the President. The President may veto the bill. The President serves as commander-in-chief of the armed forces, he makes treaties, enforces federal laws, appoints members of the executive departments to be approved by the Federal Assembly. The executive power belongs to the Government which is headed by the Prime Minister. The first action of the Prime Minister on appointment is to choose the Ministers who are responsible for framing Government policy. The judicial branch is represented by the Constitutional Court. The members of the Federal Assembly are elected by popular vote for a four- year period. Today the state symbol of Russia is a three coloured banner. It has three horizontal stripes: white, blue and red. The white stripe symbolizes the earth, the blue one stands for the sky, and the red one symbolizes liberty. It was the first state symbol that replaced the fomer symbols in 1991. The hymn of Russia is «The Patriotic Song» by M. Glinka. A new national emblem is a two-headed eagle. It is the most ancient symbol of Russia. It originates from the heraldic emblem of the Ryricovitchies. So far all these symbols are unofficial. They have not been approved by the Federal Assembly.

Unit 2.

Prestige career .

I made my choice and entered the Novorossiysk branch of Moscow humanitarian-economic Institute.

It's one of the popular higher educational establishments in our city. During a five year course students are taught economics, law, foreign languages, computers and many other interesting subjects.

Those interested in a career as a lawyer should demonstrate intelligence and high verbal skills in writing, speaking and reading. Potential lawyers should be able to study well and absorb facts and technical information easily.

Lawyers are often required to work extremely hard to establish themselves in the field.

A desire for personal contact with people who need your help might attract you to this profession. I think, to work as a lawyer is not so easy as it may seem at first.

As a lawyer, he would generally use personal capabilities as well as professional techniques.

He has to be a good psychologist in order to communicate with people successfully. He must enjoy working with people. Besides he should be honest, self-motivated and highly disciplined.

He must also be able to function well within an immense organizational structure. I think it's a very important job, it demands great responsibility. This is my choice and I'm sure it's a proper one.

Ex. 6 What other skills and character traits should a person have to be good in a career as a lawyer? Use this vocabulary to help you:

1. character traits - черты характера

2. ability-способность

3. calling for- призвание

4. attitude - отношение

5. to choose a job - выбирать работу

6. to give satisfaction - приносить удовольствие

7. to earn - зарабатывать

8. to deal with - иметь дело с

9. to be interested in - интересоваться

10. to be inclined to -иметь склонность к

11. to be good at - хорошо разбираться в чём-либо, уметь делать что-либо хорошо


UNIT 3. THE CONSTITUTION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
1.Подумайте и ответьте на вопросы:

·Think of several bad things that a government could do to its citizens. Give examples.

·How can citizens prevent a government from doing these things?

·What is a constitution?

·What basic principles are contained in a constitution?

·Why is a constitution the supreme law of any country?

2. Прочитайте и переведите текст

TEXT 4. THE CONSTITUTION OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Constitution of the Russian Federation is Russia's supreme law, passed through a national vote. It contains the basic principles of the Russian constitutional system. Constitution:

·defines the federative structure of the Russian Federation;

·establishes the principles of sovereignty and independence of the Russian Federation;

·defines the principle of separation of powers between legislative, executive and judicial branches;

·establishes equality of ideologies and religions;

·defines the Russian Federation as a secular state.

The Constitution of the Russian Federation defines the rights and freedoms of a human and a citizen, sets their priority when handling any questions, and proclaims the principle of equality before law and court. As for the federative structure, the Constitution contains the list of component units of the Russian Federation, covers the questions that are in the jurisdiction of the Russian Federation and those that are in the joint jurisdiction of federal and local authorities.articles are devoted to the bodies of federal power: the President of the Russian Federation, the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, and the Government of the Russian Federation and also the judicial power of the Russian Federation. In these articles, the order and the terms of appointed and elected officials and the limits of their competence are defined according to the principle of separation of powers. The Constitution accepted on December 12, 1993 at the all-Russia referendum, full authority in the RF belongs to the President and bodies of legislative (two-chamber parliament - Federal Assembly), executive (Government of the Russian Federation) and the judicial authority, which work independently. President of the Russian Federation is the Head of the State; the duties of the President are listed, including his status of the Supreme Commander of the military forces of the Russian Federation. The Constitution also contains the text of the oath taken by the President of the Russian Federation when entering the post. Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation (the Federation Council and the State Duma) represents the legislature. The order of electing representatives for these chambers, their competence, terms of office are provided by the Constitution. Government of the Russian Federation is the executive branch. The Constitution determines the extent of its jurisdiction and also defines the order and the terms of office of government officials. Power is implemented by means of constitutional, civil, administrative, and criminal legal proceedings. The Constitution establishes the principles of independence, irremovability and immunity of judges, thus providing for objectiveness and impartiality of the court. System of courts of the Russian Federation consists of:

·the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation;

·the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation;

·the Higher Arbitration Tribunal of the Russian Federation.

Separate articles are devoted to the office of Public Prosecutions of the Russian Federation with functions of supervision and control, and to the procedure for adoption of Constitutional amendments. The Constitution regulates the questions of local self-government, including its authority and sphere of activity. And Final provisions regulating the promulgation of the Constitution and its enforcement are included in Part 2 of the Constitution.

3. Переведите на русский язык следующие слова и словосочетания из текста

1.to establish the principles of sovereignty and independence

2.to cover the questions

3.to be devoted to the bodies of federal power

4.competence

5.legislative authority

6.executive authority

7.judicial authority

8.to list the duties

9.military forces

10.to represent the legislature

11.to determine the extent of the jurisdiction

12.immunity of judges

13. objectiveness and impartiality of the court.

14. supervision and control

15. promulgation of the Constitution and its enforcement

4. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующим русским словам и словосочетаниям

1.суверенитет

2.принимать закон

3.независимость

4.светский

5.разбирать вопрос

6.провозглашать

7.равенство

8.судопроизводство

9.сроки полномочий

10.вступать в должность

11.исполнять

12.чиновник (должностное лицо)

13.несменяемость (постоянство)

14.предусматривать

15.беспристрастность

16.приносить присягу

5. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту

1.What does the Constitution of the RF define and establish?

2.What provisions does the Constitution have regarding the federative structure?

.What are the bodies of federal power?

.Who does the full authority belong to under the current Constitution?

.What provisions concerning the legislature are provided by the Constitution?

.What is the executive branch of the RF?

.How is judicial power implemented in the RF?

8.What does the system of courts consist of?