грамматика Кириллу. Сборник практических упражнений по грамматике английского языка
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The Verb (Глагол)a) Active Voice.№1. Проспрягайте следующие глаголы в утвердительной, отрицательной и вопросительной формах по данному образцу.I look I don't look Do I look? You look You don't look Do you look? He looks He doesn't look Does he look? She looks She doesn't look Does she look? It looks It doesn't look Does it look? We look We don't look Do we look? You look You don't look Do you look? They look They don't look Do they look? to close, to go, to open, to read, to sit, to live, to work, to study, to come, to write, to do, to speak, to send, to meet, to give, to take, to copy out, to put №2. Заполните пропуски личными местоимениями.1.... lives in Moscow. 2. ... go into their classroom and sit down at the tables. 3. "Does ... sometimes meet his friends at the office?" "Yes, ..., does". 4. ... have our English in the morning. 5. ... doesn't speak English to her teacher. 6. ... don't learn English, ... learn French. 7. Do ... have lessons in the morning? 8. Does ... have his French in the morning or in the evening? 9. ... doesn't often 'write sentences on the blackboard. 10 "What do ... usually read in class?" "... usually read our text-book." №3. Поставьте следующие предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную формы.1. Her sister lives in 'Moscow. 2. My friend learns English. 3. Our feather speaks French. 4. This engineer works at our office: 5. His wife goes to 'the office in the morning. 6. Her friend does English exercises at home. 7. His name is Pavlov. 8. They are having dictation now. №4. Ответьте на вопросы, обращая внимание на лицо и число глагола-сказуемого.1. Does your sister work? 2. Where does she work? 3. Does she learn a foreign language? 4. What language does she learn? 5. Does your sister have her English every day? 6. When does she have her English? 7. Does she learn French, too? 8. What does she do in class? 9. What language does your sister speak in class (after classes)? b) 1. Are you a worker? 2. What do you do? 3. Where do you work? 4. Do you learn English? 5. When do you have your English? 6. Does your friend learn English too? 7. Is he a good student? 8. Is he having his English now? 9. What is he doing now? 10. What kind of books do you read? 11. What kind of books does your son read? №5. Переведите предложения на английский язык.1.Где живёт этот рабочий? 2. Мой сын не живёт в Казахстане? 3. Его жена изучает английский и французский языки? 4. Где работает этот преподаватель? – Он работает здесь. 5. Мой друг изучает два иностранных языка. 6. Какие упражнения он обычно делает дома? 7. Их сыновья не изучают английский язык. 8. Этот человек не говорит по-французски. 9. Какие книги читает этот инженер? 10. Вы делаете много упражнений дома? – Да, очень много. №6. Ответьте на вопросы.1. Which of your friends has his English in the morning (in the evening)? 2. Which of you has lessons every morning? 3. Which of you has dictations every day? 4. Who does a lot of exercises in class (after classes)? 5. Who speaks Russian in class? 6. Who speaks English after classes? 7. Who gives you books to read? 8. Who often sends you letters? 9. Which of your friends lives in Astana? 10. Whose friend lives in the center of Almaty? №7. Поставьте вопросы к выделенным словам.I. Our teacher always speaks English in class. (3) 2. We sometimes have English in the evening. (1) 3. My friends work at the Ministry of Forcing Trade. (3) 4. We often have dictations in class. (2) 5. They do a lot of exercises at home. (2) 6. We are having our English now. (1) №8. Ответьте на вопросы.a) 1. Do you learn English or do you already know it well? 2. Does your friend know English well? 3. Do you sometimes do your homework together? 4. Do you like to do your homework together? 5. Which of you likes writing letters? 6." Which of you is always in time for the lesson? b) 1. How often do you get newspapers and magazines? 2. Which magazines do you like to read? 3. Do you often get letters from your friends? 4. Which of you likes getting letters? 5. Which of you likes writing letters? 6. How often do you write to your friends? 7. When are you going to write to your friends? c) 1. Who translates letters and telegrams from foreign firms at your office? 2. Does he (she) translate letters from English or from German? 3. How well does he (she) translate letters and telegrams? 4. Is he (she) translating a letter now? 5. What is he (she) going to translate tomorrow morning? d) 1. Are you going to revise the grammar rules in the evening? 2. Are you going to do.it at home or in class? 3. What are you going to speak about in class tomorrow evening? 4. What do you usually speak about in class? e) 1. When do you usually get home after classes .(after work)? 2. Who do you usually go home with? 3. Do you like to go home with your friends? 4. What do you like to do in the evening? 5. What are you going to do tomorrow evening? №9. Поставьте глаголы, стоящие в скобках, в зависимости от смысла, в Present Indefinite или Present Continuous:1. What you (to do) here? - I (to wait) for a friend. 2. He (to speak) English? - Yes, he (to speak) English quite fluently. 3. Listen! Someone (to knock) at the door. 4. Don't enter into the classroom! The students (to write) a test there. 5. She (to write) letters to her mother every week. 6. Ships (to travel) from Saratov to Novgorod in three and a half days. 7. The man who (to smoke) a cigarette is our English teacher. 8. Let's go for a walk, it not (to rain). 9. You (to hear) anything? - I (to listen) hard, but I not (to hear) anything. 10. My husband (to smoke) a great deal. 11. Listen! The telephone (to ring). 12. Where is Peter? - He (to have) his English lesson. I think that he always (to have) it at this hour. №10. Переведите на английский язык:1. Где Вальтер? - Он играет в теннис. 2. Он хорошо играет в футбол? - Нет, он играет плохо. 3, Я не знаю человека, который разговаривает с директором. 4. Я часто разговариваю с моим приятелем о нашей поездке на Кавказ. 5. Александр поет очень хорошо. 6. Слушайте, Иван поет в соседней комнате. 7. Он не видит, что я на него смотрю, так как он читает что-то с большим интересом. 8. Позвоните ему сейчас. Я думаю, что он еще не спит. 9. Посмотрите на человека, который сидит у окна. Это наш адвокат. №11. Поставьте глаголы, стоящие в скобках, в зависимости от смысла, в Present Indefinite, Present Continuous, Present Perfect или Present Perfect Continuous:1. Mary (to learn) French at the University. She (to learn) English since last autumn. 2. They are busy now. They (to discuss) an important question. They (to discuss) it since five o'clock. 3. Where is John? - He (to work) in the library. - He (to work) long? - Yes, he (to work) since morning. 4. My son (to be) in hospital. He (to be) there for ten days. 5. Mr. Ivanov (to teach) French. He is a very experienced teacher. He (to teach) French for fifteen years. 6, I (to know) Jack well. - Since when you (to know) him? - I (to know) him since 1970. №12. Переведите на английский язык:1 . Кого вы ждете? - Я жду друга. - Вы давно его ждете? - Да, я жду его уже около получаса. 2. Что вы переводите? - Я перевожу политическую статью. - Как долго вы ее переводите? - Я перевожу ее уже час. 3. Я перевожу восемь или десять статей в неделю. 4. Где мой дневник? - Он лежит на вашем письменном столе. 5. Ваша книга лежит здесь уже несколько дней. Возьмите ее. 6. Мы знаем друг друга очень хорошо. 7. Мы знаем друг друга с тех пор, как я приехал в Петербург. 8. Г-н Браун - директор нашего завода. Он директор завода с 1990 г. 9. Мой брат живет в Омске. - С каких пор он живет там? - Он живет там с 1985 г. №13.Поставьте глаголы, стоящие в скобках, в зависимости от смысла, в Present Perfect или Past Indefinite:1. You (to read) that magazine yet? - No, I only just (to begin} it. 2. Stepanov (to leave) Moscow? - No, he is still in Moscow. 3. When the delegation (to arrive) in Kiev? -It (arrive) yesterday. 4. I not (to see) Ann at the lecture. 5. I not (to see) this film yet, but I (to hear) a lot about it. 6. He isn't here, he just (to go) out. 7. I (to have) no news from him since he (to leave) home. 8. We (to discuss) the matter during breakfast. 9. I cannot give you a definite answer as I not (to discuss) the matter with the manager. №14. Переведите на английский язык:1. Почему вы надели пальто? Сегодня совсем тепло. 2. Ваш брат вернулся в Минск? 3. Когда ваш брат вернулся в Петербург? 4. Вы закончили свою работу? - Да, я закончил ее вчера. 5. Я принес вам несколько очень интересных статей. 6. Куда вы положили мой словарь? Я не могу его найти. 7. Он положил документы на стол и вышел из комнаты. 8. Я никогда не читал этой книги. 9. Я никогда не купался после захода солнца, когда жил в Ялте. 10. Отец пришел. Он ждет вас внизу. 11. Я его не видел с зимы. 12. Я уже говорил вам об этом два раза. Разве вы не помните? 13. Я не знаю, который сейчас час, так как мои часы остановились. 14. Наконец такси остановилось у подъезда большого дома. 15. Вы написали этот тест очень плохо. Напишите его еще раз. 16. Он написал упражнение очень плохо, и преподаватель велел ему написать его еще раз. №15. Поставьте глаголы, стоящие в скобках, в зависимости от смысла, в Past Indefinite, Past Continuous, Past Perfect или Past Perfect Continuous:1. He not (to see) me as he (to read) when I (to come) into the room. 2. When he was in Tula he {to visit) the places where he (to play) as a boy. 3. The letter (to arrive) five minutes after you (to leave) the house. 4. It (to rain) hard last night when I (to leave) the office. 5. The train could' not stop because it (to travel) too fast at the time. 6. When I (to call) for my friend, his mother (to tell) me that he (to leave) half an hour before. 7. I {to shout) to him to stop, but he (to run) too fast and not (to hear). 8. Urge crowds (to wait) at the station when the Russian delegation (to arrive). 9. When I (to hear) the news, I (to hurry) to see him. 10. We (to walk) to the station when it (to begin) to rain. 11. He (to sit) in the garden when the storm {to break) out. 12. He (to thank) me for what I (to do) for him. 13. When I {to wake up) this morning, the sun (to shine) high in the sky. 14. Before he (to enter) the University, he (to work) at a plant. 15. The manager (to leave) the office before I (to arrive). 16. When 1 {to go) to the room the next day, I (to find) the newspapers exactly where I (to leave) them. 17. We (to walk) for about two hours when at last we {to see) the road. №16. Переведите на английский язык:1. Я жил в Ленинграде, когда началась война. 2. Его телеграмма пришла, когда я выходил из дому. 3. В прошлом году я часто ходил в кино. 4. Вчера я купил часы, так как потерял свои старые. 5. Он кончил свою работу к 10 часам. 6. Когда я пришел, машинистка печатала письма, которые я ей дал накануне. 7. Когда мой отец был болен, доктор приходил к нему каждый день. 8. Машинистка еще не напечатала всех писем, когда я пришел. 9. Я очень много читал в прошлом году. 10. Стало уже совсем темно, когда мы вернулись домой. 11. Она порезала палец, когда резала хлеб. 12. Я провел свой отпуск в одной маленькой деревне на Неве. Один из моих приятелей посоветовал мне поехать туда. 13. Летом я заходил к ним каждый вечер. 14. Дождь еще не прекратился, когда мы вышли из дому. 15. Я обедал, когда он мне позвонил. 16. На днях я познакомился с одним старым моряком. Он побывал во многих странах на востоке и западе. 17. Я возвращался домой довольно поздно. Становилось уже темно, и шел дождь. Я шел быстро, так как не взял зонтика и боялся промокнуть. Мимо меня проезжали машины. Вдруг одна из них остановилась возле меня, и кто-то окликнул меня. Я узнал голос своего приятеля, доктора А. Он пригласил меня в машину, и через пять минут я был дома. 18. Я читал весь вечер вчера. 19. Я пришел домой, поужинал и начал читать газету. Вдруг я вспомнил, что обещал вернуть своему приятелю учебник. Он дал его мне на два дня и просил вернуть вовремя. Я встал, взял учебник и пошел к своему приятелю. 20. Моя сестра еще спала, когда я встал, так как она вернулась домой очень поздно. 21. Я ждал его около получаса, когда он, наконец, пришел. 22. Они уже два года изучали английский язык, когда начали изучать французский. №17. Переведите на английский язык:1. Я думаю, что он будет участвовать в этой работе. 2. Не опаздывайте. Я буду ждать вас в холле в 9 часов. 3. Он будет работать весь день завтра. 4. Не приходите в 2 часа завтра: он будет занят. У него будет английский урок в это время. 5. Приходите в 6 часов. Директор подпишет все документы к этому времени. 6. Что вы будете делать с 6 до 8 завтра? - Я буду писать доклад. №18. Переведите на английский язык, употребляя в придаточных предложениях времени и условия Present Indefinite, Present Continuous или Present Perfect вместо форм будущего времени:1. Я еще буду работать, когда вы вернетесь. 2. Я поговорю с ним об этом, когда я его встречу. 3. Я пойду домой после того, как закончу работу. 4. Если я буду свободен завтра вечером, то пойду с вами в театр. 5. Она будет ужинать после того, как распакует свои вещи. 6. Если он будет еще работать, когда вы вернетесь, посоветуйте ему лечь спать. 7. Если он не придет завтра, пошлите ему телеграмму. 8. Я дам вам знать, как только получу письмо от него. 9. Мы пойдем, когда перестанет идти дождь. 10. Посидите здесь, пожалуйста, пока не вернется преподаватель, 11. Не сходите с трамвая, пока он не остановится. 12, Я зайду к вам перед тем, как уеду из Петербурга. 13. Пойдемте в парк, когда окончится лекция, 14. Я пойду домой только после того, как машина скроется из вида. №19. Поставьте глаголы, стоящие в скобках, в требуемом по смыслу времени:A. 1. The ship (to go) to the north when a storm (to break) out. 2. By this time next year you (to graduate) from the University. 3. He (to become) a doctor now. 4. They (to drive) at about ninety miles an hour when the accident (to happen). 5. Although the weather (to be) fine during the last few days, this spring is not a good one on the whole. 6. When I (to get) to the station, I (to learn) that the bus (to leave) a few minutes before. 7. He generally (to play) baseball very well, but today he (to play) very badly. 8. All last week he (to prepare) for the exam. 9. That man (to teach) in this school since 1992. 10. Water (to change) into ice when the temperature (to drop) below zero. 11. We (to see) your brother a ear ago, but we not (to see) him since then. 12. It (to rain) every day since we (to come} here. 13. When we (to reach) the wood, we (to find) that a party of strangers (to occupy) the spot which we (to choose) for our picnic. 14. Kindly repeat what you just (to say). 15. I only (to succeed) in solving the problem after I (to work) on it for several hours. 16. He reminded me that we (to be} classmates at school. 17. My brother (to remain) in Saratov till the end of the war. 18. I (to hear) that you (to give) up the idea of studying French. 19. Up to now I not (to hear) anything from him. 20. He (to be) a correspondent for The Times since 1981. 21. Come to my room as soon as you (to return). 22. I (to know) him ever since we (to be) children. 23. I shall cash the cheque as soon as the bank (to be} open. 24. He said he (to reach) home by midnight. 25. By the time he is thirty he (to become) a great pianist. 26. He (to shrug) his shoulders, (to shake) his head, but (to say) nothing. 27. Dima (to go) to St.Petersburg last ear and (to work) there since then. 28. When I get back, they probably (to have supper). 29. He very much wanted to go to the Far East as he never (to be) there. B. THE DOG AND HIS SHADOW A dog, who (to run) away with a large piece of meat which he (to steal), (to come) to a stream over which (to be) a little bridge. As he (to cross) the bridge, he (to look) down and (to see) another dog with another large piece of meat in his mouth. Not knowing that what he (to see) was only the reflection of himself in the clear water, he greedily (to drop) his own meat and (to make) a snatch at the other. But, instead of getting anything, he only (to lose) the meat he (to steal). C. THE ASS WITH A SACK OF SALT (A Fable) An ass, who (to carry) a large sack of salt which his master (to place) on his back, (to come) to a stream over which there (to be) a bridge. As he (to cross) the bridge he (to slip) and (to fall) into the stream. The salt (to melt) in the water and the ass (to be) glad that his sack (to become) so light. The next day the ass (to cross) the bridge with another bag of salt. He (to remember) what (to happen) the day before, (to fall) into the stream on purpose and (to stay) there until the salt (to melt). After he (to do) the same thing a third time, his master (to decide) to cure the lazy animal of his tricks. He (to fill) the bag with sponges and (to tie) it on the ass's back. When the ass (to come) to the stream, he (to plunge) into the water at once, expecting that the bag (to become} still lighter. He (to be), however, greatly disappointed when a few minutes later he (to find) that the bag (to be) ten times heavier than it (to be) before. D. WHANG THE MILLER (After GOLDSMITH) Whang the Miller was very avaricious. Nobody (to love) money more than he, and he (to respect) only those who (to be) rich. When people (to talk) of a rich man, Whang always (to say), 1 (to know) him very well; he and I (to be) friends since childhood," but when people (to mention) a poor man, he always (to say) that he not (to know) him and never (to hear) his name before, as he not (to be} fond of many acquaintances. One day as he (to think) how to increase his wealth, he (to learn) that one of his neighbours, Hunks by name, (to find) a large pot of gold underground after he (to dream) of it three nights running. The greedy miller greatly (to envy) his neighbour's luck and (to complain} every day to his customers that he (to be) unlucky, saying, "I (to work) from morning till night for so many years, but I never (to find) any gold. I wish I could dream like my neighbour!" At last he (to dream) one night that under a certain part of the wall of the mill there (to be) a huge pot of gold. He (to dream) of the same pot of money the two succeeding nights and (to be) therefore sure that he (to find) the treasure in the place where he (to see} it in his dreams. So he (to get up} early the third morning, (to go) to the mill alone with a spade in his hand, and (to begin) to dig under the corner of the wall. He (to dig) for three hours when at last his spade (to strike) a broad, flat stone, so large that he (can) not remove it. He (to decide) that he (to go) home, (to tell) his wife everything and (to ask) her to help him. So he (to run) home and (to tell) his wife of his dream and of the treasure that (to wait) for them under the stone. They both (to run) back to the place where Whang (to dig) and found that their mill, which Whang (to undermine) by digging, (to fall) and (to lie) in ruins. E. THE DEATH OF A HERO (Adapted from K. SIMONOV'S novel DAYS AND NIGHTS) Captain Saburov (to sleep) about an hour when the telephone operator (to awake) him. !t (to be) still quite dark and he not (to know) what time it (to be). Jumping down from his bed he (to run) to the telephone. "Captain Saburov speaking." 'This is General Protsenko. Go out, listen, wake up your men, and tell them to listen too." When Saburov (to run) out of the dug-out, it (to snow}. For a minute or two he not (to hear) anything, then his ears (to catch) the sound of a distant roar of guns. The guns (to be) about 25 miles from where he (to be), but the ground {to tremble) as if an earthquake (to shake) it. Saburov (to turn) to a soldier who (to stand) nearby. "Can you hear anything?" "Of course, I can, Comrade Captain. Our guns (to fire)." "They (to fire) long?" "I (to listen) to them for about an hour", (to say) the soldier. An hour later everybody (to know) that the Soviet troops (to by-pass) Stalingrad to the north and south and (to encircle) the Germans. Everybody (to want) to do something to help the Soviet troops in their great offensive. Captain Saburov (to ask} the divisional commander to allow him to make a night attack on a building which the Germans (to occupy) just in front of his lines. The Germans (to think) that they (to cut off) completely the area occupied by Saburov and not (to expect) an attack. The night attack (to begin) at a quarter past one. The Russians (to capture) the building and then (to prepare) to defend it against German counter-attacks. Saburov and his friend, Lieutenant Maslennikov, (to lie) side by side in the window of a cellar just on a level with the ground. They (to see) some German soldiers enter the cellar through a hole they (to find) in the wall. As the Germans (to pass), Saburov (to open) fire with his tommy-gun. After he (to use) up all the ammunition, he (to throw) his tommy-gun at a German who (to pass) with such force that he (to fall) forward on his face. At that moment another German soldier (to lift) a gun over Saburov. Maslennikov (to jump) at the German and both o( them (to fall) to the ground and (to roll) over and over. Saburov just (to get up) on his feet when he (to hear) some revolver shots and (to see) that the German (to rise) over Maslennikov's body. He (to seize) the tommy-gun which (to lie) on the ground and (to hit) the German several times on the head with all his strength. Just then some Soviet soldiers (to rush) into the cellar and (to tell) him that the Germans (to retreat). Saburov (to drop) down beside Maslennikov and {to see) that his friend (to be) dead. He (to send) for trie sappers and (to order) them to dig a grave for Maslennikov. As soon as it (to be) light and he could see the face of his friend who (to die) to save him, he (to bend) over Maslennikov and (to take) his documents and medals. A salute of three volleys (to be fired) over the grave of the hero. Sounds of gun-fire (to come) from the west where Soviet troops (to close) the ring around 300,000 Germans. №20. Переведите на английский язык:1. Завтра в это время мы будем подъезжать (приближаться) к Лондону. 2. Он уехал в Самару в 1955 году и с тех пор живет там. 3. Он работал на этом заводе уже пять лет, когда началась война. 4. Мы пришли домой, когда солнце еще светило. 5. Все уже лягут спать к тому времени, когда мы вернемся. 6. Закройте дверь. Идет дождь, и стало очень холодно. Погода сильно изменилась со вчерашнего дня. 7. Когда я вошел, он положил книгу, которую читал, на стол и встал, чтобы поприветствовать меня. 8. Он не будет делать успехов до тех пор, пока не будет работать больше. 9. Было холодно, так как солнце еще не взошло. 10. Я напишу вам после того, как поговорю с ним. 11. Я знаю его давно и могу сказать, что он очень хороший человек. 12. Собрание уже началось. 13. Если он придет после того, как я уйду, дайте ему книгу, которая лежит на столе. 14. Уже несколько дней море очень бурное, и с понедельника не было парохода на Сухуми. Мы выедем из Одессы, как только будет пароход. 15. Я шел уже около часа, когда, наконец, увидел большой дом недалеко от реки. Я сразу понял, что это тот дом, о котором говорил мне Александр. Я подошел к дому и постучал. Какая-то женщина сидела у окна и пела. Услышав стук, она встала и пошла к двери. 16. Сегодня я пошел на завод, чтобы повидать г-на А. по делу. Мы договорились встретиться в 3 часа дня. 17. Вчера вечером я ожидал автобус на Невском проспекте. Я заметил, что человек, который стоял рядом со мной, внимательно смотрит на меня. Я узнал своего друга, с которым учился в школе. Я не видал его с 1985 г. и был очень рад, что встретил его. №21. Give logical answers to the questions below using Past Simple of the verbs from exercise 1 (see the model).Model: Sue is always tired in the evenings, and what about yesterday? – Yesterday evening she was tired as usual (wasn’t tired at all). a. Robert is usually late for classes, and what about last Friday? b. He usually drives very carefully, and what about the day before yesterday? c. As a rule, Paul goes to work on foot, and what about that morning? d. He usually finds the right words to talk with a girl, and that day? e. I have never seen female taxi drivers, and what about you? f. Alice regularly runs to keep a good condition, and what about last weekend? g. They ring Rob Jones’s office every weekday, and what about last Monday? h. Mary sometimes says she likes infants, and sometimes she says she doesn’t, and what did she say to you? i. Helen usually lays her baby down to sleep at this time of day, and what about yesterday? j. Nowadays, we rarely hear this song, and what about ten years ago? k. Tom often sees her jogging in the mornings and what about that morning? l.Gators usually spring at their prey at very short distances when it’s too late to get away, and what about that gator? m.Young brothers sometimes fight, and what about your twin brothers? n. He usually takes his dog to the dog park in the mornings and what about today? o. She often brings her daughter Lizzy along, and what about last time? p. The child always gets excited when he is given a new toy and what about that day? |