Учебные материалы
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MY FRIEND’S WORKING DAY 1. Ann is a second-year student. She studies at Chita State University, at the Power Engineering Institute. Her parents live in Chita. Her classes at the University begin at 8:30. So she has to get up early. Her alarm clock wakes her up at 7 o’clock. She has breakfast. Then she puts her books, pens, pencils, copy-books and other things into her bag. She leaves home for the University at 8 o’clock and walks to the nearest bus stop. She lives not far from the University and it usually takes her about fifteen minutes to get there by trolley-bus. She is never late, she always comes in time. 2. As a rule she has three or four pairs a day with 10 minutes breaks between them. For example, she has English, Russian, Mathematics and Physical Training today. There is also an hour’s break for dinner. 3. At English classes they usually read, write or speak English. They answer the teacher’s questions, do various exercises and ask questions. They have to read texts, books and articles from journals in English. Ann often speaks English with her friends. To master the language they have to practice much every day. 4. As a rule she has no free time on week-days. Usually she comes home at 3:30 and has dinner and some rest. Then she does her homework. It usually takes her three hours. She likes to learn oral subjects, but she doesn’t like written exercises. 4. She has supper at 7 o’clock in the evening. She likes to read something or listens to some music. In the evening she sometimes goes for a walk, visits her friends or watches TV. She prefers documentary films and films about different countries. At about 11 o’clock she goes to bed.
V. Прочитайте 4-й абзац и ответьте письменно на вопрос: How much time does it take her to do homework? ВАРИАНТ 5 I. Перепишите следующие предложения. Переведите предложения на русский язык. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием -s и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е. служит ли оно: а) показателем 3-го лица единственного числа в Present Indefinite; б) признаком множественного числа имени существительного; в) показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного (см. образец выполнения 1) The Novopolotsk chemical works produces polyethylene and nitron. A well-known scientist works at this plant. The workers' hostel is within 20 minutes' walk from the plant. II. Перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык определений, выраженных именами существительными Novopolotsk is a young people town. We have a large State library in our city. The scientists developed new synthetic rubber products. III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения, и переведите их на русский язык 1. Automatic devices make labour safer and easier. 2. The average age of the Novopolotsk inhabitants is the youngest in Byelorussia. 3. The more often you visit St. Petersburg, the more you like it. IV. Перепишите следующие предложения, определите в них видо-временные формы глаголов и укажите их инфинитив; переведите предложения на русский язык The Novopolotsk Polytechnical Institute is more than ten years old. Novopolotsk came into existence as a town of chemistry. The young town of Byelorussian oil chemists grows from day to day. V. Прочитайте и устно переведите на русский язык с 1-го по 5-й абзацы текста. Перепишите и письменно переведите 2 , 3, 4 и 5-й абзацы. MY FRIEND’S DAY OFF 1. Kate is my best friend. I know her from childhood. We studied at school together. Kate is a second-year student. She studies at Chita State University, at the Power Engineering Institute. But she doesn’t go to the University on Sundays. 2. She can get up at 8 or 9 o’clock. It is not so early as she has to get up during the week. She makes her bed, turns on the radio and does her morning exercises. Then she goes to the bathroom where she washes herself. After that she dresses, goes to the kitchen and has breakfast. She has a ham sandwich and drinks a glass of juice. She listens to some music during her breakfast. After breakfast her father and she go to the shops and buy all they need. They buy bread, sugar, milk, fruits and vegetables. 3. Then she does her homework. It usually takes her three hours. She likes to learn oral subjects, but she doesn’t like written exercises. 4. On Sundays they usually have dinner at two o’clock. They have got meat or fish, roast potatoes, some fruit, drink coffee or tea with a cake. Then Kate has some rest. She goes for a walk with her friends or goes to the park. Sometimes she goes to the museum or to the exhibition. 5. She has supper at 7 o’clock in the evening. She tries to spend her free time usefully. After supper she reads books, newspapers or magazines, plays chess or watches TV. She prefers documentary films and films about different countries. Sometimes she goes to the theatre on Sunday. At about 11 o’clock she goes to bed. V. Прочитайте 5-й абзац и ответьте письменно на вопрос: What films does she prefer? Тексты для чтения и перевода, 1 семестр Перевод текстов выполняется в устной форме, т.е. письменными переводами пользоваться не разрешается. Можно составить словарь незнакомых слов с переводом. Каждый студент должен сдать чтение и перевод всех текстов. Text 1 Higher Schools in Russia There are a lot of higher schools in Russia where young people can get higher education. Every year a lot of students enter Universities. Universities train specialists in the natural and exact sciences and the humanities. Specialized Institutes and faculties train specialists for one of the fields of culture and various branches of national economy, such as power engineering, mining, construction, mechanical engineering and many others. The head of each University is Rector. There are several faculties at each Institute. Each faculty has a number of specialized departments and is headed by a dean. The academic year always begins on the first of September and is divided into two terms. Students take exams at the end of each term. The complete course of studies usually lasts 4 - 5 years. At every Institute there is a reading hall and a library where the students can take the necessary books as well as books for reading. Study rooms are now equipped with TV sets, computers, etc. The first and second year students study general engineering subjects. Students have lectures and practical hours. They attend lectures on different subjects: Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Foreign Languages, etc. They have hours of practical training in the well-equipped laboratories of the Institute. So lectures and seminars alternate with laboratory work, discussions, consultations, research work and their self- training. This provides a basis for the study of special subjects and the organization of practice. Today a student must obtain a large amount of new information¹. This enables² future specialists to get good professional knowledge and to apply it to practice, to use modern methods of scientific research, advanced production technology³, its organization and management. The aim of higher education is not only to provide the students with the necessary knowledge, but also to develop them creatively. Thousands of specialists graduate from institutes and universities and get diplomas every year. Some of them work in the various branches of industry, while others carry on research work in different research institutes. Training highly-skilled specialists with a wide theoretical outlook is the main task of higher education. Notes: 1. получить большое количество новой информации 2. это дает возможность 3. передовая технология производства Text 2 Higher Education in Great Britain There are 46 universities, 30 polytechnics and numerous colleges in England and Wales. They all provide a wide range of courses from lower-level technical and commercial courses to advanced courses for those who want to get higher-level posts in commerce, industry and administration. Of the 46 universities in Great Britain, 35 are in England, 8 in Scotland, 1 is in Wales and 2 are in Nothern Ireland. The leading universities in England are Oxford, Cambridge and London. English universities greatly differ from each other. They differ in date of foundation, history, tradition, general organization, methods of instruction, size, etc. British Universities are comparatively small. The approximate number is 7,000 - 8,000 students, most universities having under 3,000 students, some even less than 1,500 students. The typical academic programme for university students is composed of a varying number of courses or subjects within a field of specialization. The academic activities for each subject fall into lectures, at which attendance is not always compulsory, seminars, tutorials, laboratory work and examination. They provide the means by which students prepare themselves in specialized field of knowledge. Text 3 Our University We are students of the University. Our University was founded in 1974. In those days the student body did not exceed¹ 400 persons. At present the student body of the University exceeds 11,000 persons. The University occupies several buildings. The main building was completed in 1985. It houses the library with a spacious reading hall, a computer centre, many classrooms and well - equipped labs, a fine gym, a canteen, etc. The head of the University is Rector. Each faculty is headed by the dean. The course of studies lasts 5 years. Many of our teachers and instructors are outstanding specialists in various fields of technology and science. Some of them are graduates of our University. There are several institutes at the University. We study at the Institute of Construction and Ecology. It trains civil engineers whose profession embraces many fields. A civil engineer constructs and reconstructs residential and industrial buildings, bridges, schools, palaces of culture, theatres, hospitals, tunnels, dams, etc. The Institute has 17 classrooms and 9 laboratories. At the Institute the students specialize in Building Construction, Road Building (construction, maintenance and repair), Real Estate Management and Environmental Protection (land, water and air pollution and protection and other ecological problems). Our second - year students work for a month² and ten days on construction sites³, where they gain certain experience. The graduates work at the plants and research Institutes. We can also find the graduates of our University at every major construction site. Notes: 1. количество студентов не превышало; 2. в течение месяца 3. строительная площадка Text 4 Russia Russia (the official name — the Russian Federation) is the largest country in the world. The country is situated in Eastern Europe, Northern and Central Asia. It occupies about 1/6 of the Earth surface. Its total area is over 17 million square kilometres. Our land is washed by 12 seas, most of which are the seas of three oceans: the Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. In the south and in the west the country borders on fourteen countries. It also has a sea-border with the USA. The country has a great variety of flora and fauna. There are numerous forests, plains and steppes, taiga and tundra, highlands and deserts in our land. The highest mountains are the Altai, the Urals, and the Caucasus. There are over 2 million rivers in the Russian Federation. The longest of them are the Volga, the Ob, the Yenisei, the Lena and the Amur. Our land is also rich in various lakes. Lake Baikal is the deepest lake in the world. On the Russian territory there are 11 time zones. The climate conditions are rather different: from arctic and mild (moderate) — to continental and subtropical. Our country is one of the richest in natural resources countries in the world: oil, natural gas, coal, different ores, ferrous and non-ferrous metals and other minerals. It is one of the highly developed industrial powers in the world. The main industrial branches are machine-building, aircraft, aerospace, automobile, textile, chemical and others. The Russian Federation is a multinational state. It comprises many national districts, several autonomous republics and regions. The population of the country is over 140 million people. More than 100 different nations and nationalities live in the Russian Federation. Russian is the official language of the state. The national symbols of the Russian Federation are the state white-blue-red flag and 2-headed Eagle. The Russian Federation is a constitutional state headed by the President. The President controls only the executive branch - the government, but not the Supreme Court and Federal Assembly. The country government consists of 3 branches: legislative, executive and judicial. The legislative power belongs to the Federal Assembly comprising two chambers: the Council of Federation (upper Chamber) and the State Duma (lower Chamber). Each chamber is headed by the Speaker. The executive power belongs to the Government (the Cabinet of Ministers) headed by the Prime Minister. The judicial power belongs to the system of Courts comprising the Constitutional Court, the Supreme Court and federal courts. The foreign policy of the Russian Federation is that of international cooperation, peace and friendship with all nations of the Globe irrespective of their political and social systems. Moscow is the capital of our Motherland. Its population is over 10 million people. It is the largest political, scientific, cultural and industrial center of the country and one of the most beautiful cities on the globe. Text 5 Great Britain Great Britain (the official name — The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland or UK — for short) is situated on the British Isles which lie to the north-west of the continent of Europe. The country is washed by the North and Irish Seas, the Atlantic Ocean and the English Channel. North and West of the country are highlands, South and East — lowlands. The highest mountains of the UK are the Grampians in Scotland, Ben Nevis is the highest peak (1, 342 metres). There are many rivers in the country - the Thames, the Shannon, the Avon, the Clyde and others. The longest river is the Severn, the Thames is of great economic importance. There are many beautiful lakes in Great Britain. The most famous lakes are in North-West England. This part of the country is called the Lake District. The climate of Great Britain is influenced by the warm waters of the Gulf Stream, the Atlantic Ocean and the seas. The climate is mild, not very cold in winter and never very hot in summer. The mild and damp climate is very good for agriculture. Great Britain is a highly developed industrial power. It is rich in some mineral resources: coal, iron ores, oil, gas and some metals. The most important industrial cities are Birmingham, Sheffield, Leeds, Manchester, Glasgow, Liverpool and others. The country is known as one of the world largest producers and exporters of electronics and machinery, chemicals and textile, various aircraft and navigation equipment. Among the main industrial branches are also heavy (iron and steel) industry, coal-mining, automobile, ship-building, metallurgical industry and woolen industry. The United Kingdom is a constitutional monarchy. Officially the head of the state is the Queen. But her power is not absolute, it is limited by the Parliament. The British Parliament consists of 2 chambers: the House of Commons and the House of Lords. The British Government is headed by the Prime Minister — the leader of the party having the majority in the House of Commons. The Prime Minister appoints the ministers to compose the government. England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland constitute the UK. The total area of Great Britain is over 244 thousand square kilometers. The population of the UK is over 57 million people. The capital of the country is London. It is the largest political, cultural and industrial centre of the country and one of the largest ports of the world. Its population is over 11 million people. 2 семестр |