Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов Издание шестое, стереотипное

• Название: Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов Издание шестое, стереотипное
• Анкор: orlovskaya.docx
• Дата: 12.12.2017
• Размер: 1.44 Mb.
• Имя файла: orlovskaya.docx
• Тип: Учебник; #11112
• страница: 4 из 63

Упражнение 2. Выберите правильную форму глагола.

1. We (are translating, translate) a technical text now. 2. We usually (are not translating, do not translate) stories. 3. She (does not look, is not looking) through all the newspapers every evening.

3. 
   He (looked, was looking) through a newspaper when the telephone rang. 5. What (were, was) you doing a minute ago? I (was watching, watched) television. 6.1 (watch, am watching) television every day. 7.1 had a late night, I (worked, was working) until midnight. 8.Yesterday he (worked, was working) a lot. 9. The students (had, were having) an interesting discussion when the teacher came in. 10. The students often (have, are having) interesting discussions after lectures. 11.When he comes they (will be taking, will take) a test. 12. They (will be taking, will take) a test next week. 13. Where is Ann? She is in the coffee shop. She (has, is having) a cup of coffee. She always (has, is having) a cup of coffee in the evening.
   

Упражнение 3. Поставьте глагол в соответствующем времени в зависимости от обстоятельства.

This student (study) physics (at present, every day, last semester, when the telephone rang, tomorrow at this time, next semester).

Упражнение 4. Переведите предложения.

1. Сейчас у нас урок английского языка. Преподаватель стоит у доски и объясняет новую грамматику. Студенты внимательно слушают и записывают. 2. Где вы были вчера после обеда? Я был дома весь день. Я писал письмо друзьям. 3. Что ты делал пять минут назад? 4.На нашей улице произошел несчастный случай (accident). Я смотрел в окно, когда он произошел. 5. Что будет делать твоя сестра в 8 часов вечера? Она будет выполнять домашнее задание. 6. Какие вопросы будут обсуждаться сегодня на собрании? — Приходите в 12 часов. Будет обсуждаться очень интересный вопрос. 7. Когда мы приехали в город, там строился новый спортклуб.

Упражнение 5. Переведите предложения с it в различных функциях.

1. It is autumn. It is the 3rd of October. It is dark in the morning and it is difficult to get up. 2. It is a new subject. It is very im portant for our future speciality. We shall study it for two years. It will be our future speciality, but we do not know much about it in the first year. 3. It is known that the knowledge of general engineering subjects is the basis for the study of special subjects. 4. It seems that he works a lot. 5. It is said that the chemistry laboratory of our institute is good. 6. The student finds it difficult to translate such a text without a dictionary. 7. It was not easy to study at the institute. 8. It is important to understand the fundamentals of this science. 9. It was A.S. Popov who invented the radio. 10. It is the knowledge of general engineering subjects that is the basis of engineering training.

Упражнение б. Переведите предложения с one в различных функциях.

1. One must study a lot to become an engineer. 2. We must write only one exercise now. 3. Engineer is one of the most important professions, it is the one that is taught at technical institutes.

4. 
   One cannot translate such an article without a dictionary in the first year. 5. One must have a very good knowledge of general engineering subjects to become a good engineer. 6. One must pass all exams well to enter an institute. 7. Last summer I read many English articles, and my friend read some German ones. 8. This summer we shall spend in the country, the last one we spent in the city.
   

7. 
   We translated many texts, but there is one more text to translate.
   
8. 
   One can take this journal from the library.
   

Упражнение 7. Переведите предложения с that в различных функциях.

1. That student studies in our group. 2. Do you know those girls? They are from our institute. 3. The professor that lectures on mechanics is the dean of our faculty. 4. It is known that the knowledge of general engineering subjects is the basis for the study of special subjects. 5. We know that the study of general engineering subjects is necessary for future engineers. 6. That higher education in this country is excellent is known to everybody. 7. The aim of today’s foreign policy is that peace in the world should be permanent. 8. The programme for the first-year students differs from that of the third-year students. 9. There are many interesting articles in this journal, read those on your speciality. 10. It is the high qualification of future specialists that will determine the scientific and technological progress of any country.

Упражнение 8. Дайте недостающие степени сравнения.

(the) biggest, longer, faster, (the) hardest, (the) heaviest, thinner, narrower, lower, (the) greatest, newer, colder, (the) hottest, (the) shortest, less, (the) worst, more.

Упражнение 9. Поставьте прилагательные в сравнительной или превосходной степени.

1. Moscow University is (large) University in Europe. 2. Strength of materials is (difficult) than chemistry. 3. Is it (interesting) to study at the institute than at school? 4. My friend works (hard) at his English than I. 5. My brother is (old) than I but he is (short). 6. The University is one of the (tall) buildings in Moscow. 7. Days in summer are (long) than in winter. 8. This group studies (good) than that one. 9. Oxford is (old) University in Britain.

Упражнение 10. Ответьте на следующие вопросы.

1. Which is the most difficult subject for you? 2. Which is the easiest subject? 3. Which of the subjects is more difficult: physics or mathematics? 4. Who is the tallest in your group? 5. Which is the most interesting subject for you? 6. Is English as difficult as mathematics?

Упражнение 11. Заполните пропуски словами than, as ... as, not so ... as.

1. In winter days are ... long ... in summer. 2. Chemistry is... difficult ... physics. 3.1 study English ... long ... my friend. 4. My sister is older ... I. 5. English is ... so difficult... mathematics. 6. Moscow is bigger ... Tallinn. 7. This machine is ... old ... that one. 8. The new transistor is more powerful... the old one. 9. The task of school education is ... important... that of higher education. 10. John is ... tall... his brother, but he is ... tall... his father.

Упражнение 12. Переведите обороты в сравнительной степени согласно образцу:

The longer the nights, the shorter the days.

Чем длиннее ночи, тем короче дни.

1. 
   The harder we study, the more we know. 2. The more you work, the better you know English. 3. The more we study nature, the more we know about it. 4. The nearer the earth is, the denser the atmosphere is. 5. The stronger the wind, the harder the conditions of work for weather observers. 6. The quicker we finish, the sooner we will go home.
   

Упражнение 13. Найдите в каждом ряду прилагательные в сравнительной степени и переведите их.

teacher, taller, thermometer, thinker

worker, weather, worse, writer

bomber, brother, brighter, barometer

darker, driver, denser, dancer bigger, best, builder, better father, farther, foreigner, faster earlier, easier, eater, engineer compressor, computer, colder, closer meter, mover, more, motor

СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ

Упражнение 14. Переведите следующие производные слова согласно образцу:

глагол + -ment = существительное to environ — окружать -» environment — окружение

to enrol — enrolment, to develop — development, to achieve — achievement, to move — movement;

прилагательное + -(i)ty = существительное communal-общинный -» community — общность, содружество social — общественный -» society — общество

active — activity, special — speciality, national — nationality, intensive — intensity, electric — electricity;

существительное + -ous = прилагательное fame — слава, известность -» famous — знаменитый,

известный

variety — various, number — numerous, monotony — monotonous;

префикс re- (повторность действия) renew — обновлять, восстанавливать renewal — восстановление renewable — восстанавливаемый, восстанавливающийся

rebuild, remake, reuse, reorganize, reorganization.

Упражнение 15. Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова:

global ['gleubl], resources [ri'so:siz], problem ['problem], ecology [I'kolecfei], proportion [pre'po:Jen], era ['iere], territory ['teriteri], ocean ['eujen], oceanic [,euji'aenik], situation [,sitju'eijen], atmosphere ['aetmesfie], process ['preuses], cli-

mate ['klaimit], balance ['baelens], experiment [iks'periment], social ['seujel].

Упражнение 16. Прочитайте и запомните произношение слов.

environment [in'vaiaranmant], pollution [pa'lu:Jan], achieve [a'tfi:v], success [sak'ses], successful [sak'sesfal], successfully [sak'sesfuli], purify ['pjuarifai], air [ea], natural ['naetfral], however [hau'eva], job [djob], remain [n'mein], mankind [maen'kaind], reach [ri:tf], special ['spejal], especially [is'pe/ali], serious ['siarias], throughout [Gru'aut], world [wa:ld], knowledge ['nolidj], advance [ad'va:ns], eliminate [r'limineit], purpose ['pa:pas], scale [skeil], weather ['weba], essential [r'senjal], therefore ['beafo:], data ['deita], joint [djoint], measure ['теза], realize ['rialaiz], circumstance ['sa:kamstans].

СЛОВА И СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАПОМИНАНИЯ


achieve v — достигать advance п — продвижение вперед, успех, прогресс area п — область bring about v — вызывать carry out v — проводить, выполнять

change v — менять(ся), изменяться); п — изменение, перемена

considerable а — значительный

deal with v — иметь дело с effort п — усилие evident а — очевидный growth п — рост however adv — однако, тем не менее increase v — увеличиваться level п — уровень purpose п — цель, назначение reach v — достигать realize v — понимать, отчетливо представлять remain v — оставаться scale п — масштаб, размер several а — несколько similar а — подобный, схожий

solve v — решать still adv — все еще, однако success п — успех therefore adv — поэтому way п — путь, дорога; способ

joint efforts — совместные усилия take measures — принимать меры throughout the world — по всему миру

Техт 2А

Прочитайте текст и ответьте, какие меры необходимы для успешного решения проблемы защиты окружающей среды в глобальном масштабе. Переведите.

Environment Protection Must Be Global

That the problem of pollution and ecology has become the most important one for mankind is evident to all. The more civilization is developing, the greater the ecological problems are becoming. Air and water pollution by industry is now reaching tremendous proportions. In our era it is changing from a national to an international problem, especially in territories where rivers cross several countries. The seas and oceans are also becoming seriously polluted. A similar situation is developing in the atmosphere. It is known that many cities throughout the world suffer from air pollution.

However, our scientific knowledge and technological advancement make it possible to eliminate it if people use good will² and make considerable investments for that purpose. The development of natural resources on a global scale is already possible from a scientific and technical standpoint². Large-scale experimental work in this area is successfully being carried out.

At present scientists in industrially developed countries are working on the theory of interaction of all the atmospheric and oceanic global processes that determine the climate and weather of the world. Increasing growth of population, industrialization and the use of resources are slowly but surely changing the global climate and water balance. This can be described as a great experiment, one that may bring about changes in the environment more serious than ever before.

The essential feature in the environment protection is that many problems can be solved only on the level of world community³. Therefore, the planning of protection against pollution by human society as a whole⁴ is imperative today and in the near future. It is necessary to develop an international program to study data on land, forest, atmospheric and oceanic resources, both renewable and non-renewable. It is the joint efforts of many scientists and special public organizations that can deal with the problem and take necessary measures to protect the environment.

It is still a big job and much remains to be done⁵. However, scientists are confident that planned actions of all countries can eliminate pollution and achieve successes in purifying air, water and soil and in safeguarding natural resources. At the same time one must realize that social and political circumstances may stand in the way of further progress in this field.

Notes to the Text

1. 
   good will — добрая воля
   
2. 
   standpoint — точка зрения
   
3. 
   community — сообщество
   
4. 
   as a whole — в целом
   
5. 
   much remains to be done — еще многое предстоит (остается) сделать
   

УПРАЖНЕНИЯ