Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов Издание шестое, стереотипное
 Скачать 1.44 Mb.
|
|
Упражнение 17. Просмотрите текст 2А и ответьте на вопросы. 1. What is this text about? 2. What is ecology? 3. How does wa ter (air) become polluted? 4. Why is the problem of water pollution becoming a global problem? Упражнение 18. Найдите предложения с глаголом-сказуемым в Present Continuous, переведите. 1. Water and air are becoming more and more polluted. 2. At present computers are more widely used in the sphere of education.
Упражнение 19. А. Найдите предложения с глаголом-сказуемым в Continuous Passive, переведите. sers are being widely introduced at plants and factories. 7. The most important ecological problems must be considered at the govern ment level. 8. The training at Cambridge and Oxford is carried out by tutorial system. В. Переделайте предложения из действительного в страдательный залог. 1. Не is writing a letter at the moment. 2. John was preparing report all day yesterday. 3. We are learning grammar now. 4. At present mankind is making considerable investments to eliminate air pollution. 5. Today the changes in the global climate and wa ter balance are bringing about serious changes in the environ ment. 6. Many scientists are constantly carrying out experimental work to solve the problem of environment protection. 7. The com pany is making plans for the future. Упражнение 20. Найдите предложения, где it является формальным под лежащим, личным местоимением или входит в состав усилительной конст рукции; переведите. 1. It is dark here. Please, turn on the light. 2. It was Gagarin who was the first man to orbit the Earth. 3. Our students study strength of materials. It is a very difficult subject. 4. Mathematics is studied at all technological institutes because every engineer must know it well. 5. It is the most interesting article on this subject. 6. It has become evident that ecological problems can be solved only on the global level. 7. Joint efforts of people throughout the world make it possible to achieve some progress in environment protec tion. 8. It is the development of robots that will solve some very complex problems of industry. 9. It is evident that research is be coming more specialized now. 10. The use of the new equipment made it possible to minimize the number of workers. 11. It is indus trialization that is making ecological problems very serious. Упражнение 21. Определите функции one и that, переведите предложе ния. with the technology of tomorrow. 7. The education in Oxford and Cambridge is different in many ways from that in other universities. 8. We discussed the first industrial revolution, the one that took place some centuries ago. 9. New robots will have several manipu lators that will carry out many functions. 10. That computers and robots are important for industrial uses is well known to scientists and engineers. 11. One must realize that the increasing number of cars brings about considerable pollution of the air. 12. It is the growth of industrialization that is changing the climate of the planet. 13. The essential feature of higher education in this country is that it combines theory with practice. 14. The simplest materials are those which have only one kind of atoms. 15. That the Earth is round was unknown for a long time. 16. It is found that the labour (труд) of a man with secondary education is 108 per cent more effi cient than that of a man without that education. Moreover, the work of a university or college graduate is 300 per cent more effi cient than that of a specialist with secondary education. Упражнение 22. Переведите предложения с союзами сравнения.
УПРАЖНЕНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ Упражнение 23. Определите по суффиксу, к какой части речи относятся слова. radioactivity, measurement, interaction, society, nervous, elimination, basic, proportion, seriously, symbolic, anxious, eco logical. Упражнение 24. Назовите глаголы, образованные от следующих сущест вительных, и переведите их. advancement (продвижение вперед, прогресс), investment (капиталовложение), measurement (измерение), achievement (достижение), improvement (улучшение), fulfillment (выпол нение). Упражнение 25. Переведите слова с префиксом ге rename, reopen, renew, renewable, non-renewable, renewal. Упражнение 26. Найдите среди следующих слов: а) антонимы slowly, old, at present, small, quickly, in the past, new, large; б) синонимы tremendous, epoch, realize, several, work, progress, great, field, era, understand, make it possible, different, achieve, some, advance, enable, area, various, reach, essential, job, important. Упражнение 27. Составьте предложения, пользуясь словами и выраже ниями из таблицы.
Упражнение 28. Придумайте предложения со следующими глагола ми -сказуемыми: is changing, was changing, will be changing, are becoming, will be developing, are being introduced, was being solved. Упражнение 29. Раскройте скобки.
the (important) industrial cities in the country. Some of the (old) and historic buildings are there. Some of the buildings in New York City are the (high) buildings in the whole world. New York City is not only the (large) city in the US; it is also the (important) indus trial center. Perhaps, the (expensive) office buildings in the world are there. It has the (great) number of factories, the (large) banks and post offices. It sends out many letters and receives the (heavy) mail bags. It is truly the (important) business city. Упражнение 30. Прочитайте текст и озаглавьте его. The highest mountain in the world is Mount Everest — 29,002 feet high. The largest ocean is the Pacific having a total area of 63,986,000 square miles. The Atlantic Ocean, the next largest, is only 31,530,000 square miles, the Indian Ocean with 28,350,000 square miles comes third. The longest river is the Nile which is more than 4,000 miles longer or about twice the distance by air from London to Beirut. The biggest island is Greenland which be longs to Denmark and is about 840,000 square miles in extent. The largest lake is the Caspian Sea. Geographers consider it as a lake because it is not connected with any of the great oceans. It has an area of about 170,000 square miles. Which is the deepest sea? So far, as we know at present the greatest depth is in the Pacific Ocean near the Philippines and goes down to 37,000 feet, which is much more than the height of Everest. The biggest volcano is in Ecuador, South America. It is still active and 19,612 feet high. There is an other one between Argentina and Chile and it is more than 3,000 feet higher. Упражнение 31. Напишите существительные в единственном числе. cities, countries, societies, universities, technologies, lorries, industries, dictionaries, territories, theories, communities. Упражнение 32. Дайте недостающие формы глаголов, запомните их. grown, stand, dealing, brought, knew, making, send, found, thought, spending. Упражнение 33. Прочитайте и переведите текст без словаря. It is difficult for mankind to predict (предсказать) changes in the environment accurately. It is known that natural changes in weather and climate may have more catastrophic global effects than human activity. But scientists are developing a new concept that can help make such prediction more accurately. It is based on our understanding that the Earth is an integral system. Its parts — oceans, atmosphere, land or life — cannot be understood in isola tion to predict changes in the most accurate way. Modern scientific and technological progress made it possible to use new technolo gies for that purpose. That satellites can control physical, chemical, biological and geological changes on a global scale is well-known now. One must also know that the study of environmental problems with the help of satellites is becoming international. Russia, the US, France, Japan, Canada, India, China and Italy are planning to send their satellites in both polar and geostationary orbits. CONVERSATION Exercise 1. Answer*the questions according to the example: What is one of the most important problems for mankind now? (the problem of pol lution and ecology). The problem of pollution and ecology is one of the most important problems for mankind now. 1. What problem is becoming a global problem? (the problem of air and water pollution). 2. What makes it possible to eliminate air and water pollution? (scientific knowledge and technological ad vance, good will and large investments). 3. What are scientists in industrially developed countries currently working on? (the the ory of interaction of the atmospheric and oceanic global pro cesses). 4. What factors are slowly changing the global climate and water balance? (the growth of population, industrialization and use of resources). 5. What actions are necessary to take to deal success fully with the problem of protecting the environment throughout the world? (planning, developing international programs to study ecological data, joint efforts of scientists and special public organi zations). Exercise 2. Make a sentence out of the two parts.
important problems for mankind luted by industry.
out on a global scale.
soil is changing from a national and water pollution by planned to a global problem actions of human society as a whole.
Exercise 3. Read and learn. Rita: Did you have a nice weekend? Mary: Yes, I did. I was tired of watching television, going to parties, to the movies and so on. John and I decided to go to Pennsyl vania University to take part in the discussion on environmen tal problems. R.: Oh, really! How unusual! That must have been interesting. М.: Yes, it was. There were a lot of scientists and politicians. Have you heard about such a firm called «Sanyo»? R.: Certainly. It is well known for its electronics. М.: It’s one of the first companies to make products that don’t pollute the environment. R.: Oh, my father told us about new heating systems made by this company. They use clean and safe technology. Exercise 4. Speak about:
Use exercise 1, 2 and the following words and word combinations for your topic: to become polluted by industry and transport; to reach high level; to develop a program of purifying air in industrial centers; to take necessary measures; for eliminating pollution; new technologies; make it possible; successfully. Exercise 5. Read and smile. One evening Rutherford entered the laboratory. It was late, but he found one of his students working with some apparatus. «What are you doing here so late?» Rutherford asked. «I’m working, sir,» was the answer. «And what do you do in the day time?» «Oh, I work, of course, sir,» answered the student. «Do you work early in the morning, too?» «Yes, professor, I work early in the morning, too,» said the stu dent, quite sure that the famous scientist would praise (хвалить) him. Rutherford looked at him gloomily (мрачно). «Tell me,» he asked with irritation (раздражение), «when do you think?» Text 2B |