Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов Издание шестое, стереотипное
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part — играть роль to take into consideration — принимать во внимание, в расчет at present — в настоящее время Text 1А Прочитайте и переведите текст. Higher Education in Russia Higher education plays an important part in the life of any country as it provides the country with highly-qualified specialists for future development and progress. It trains people to become teachers, engineers, doctors and other professional workers. In all the industrial countries standards of living are steadily changing; this means that the kind of education, which was good enough thirty years ago, is not necessarily good for them today. The serious need to find ways and means of ensuring continuous and thorough adoption of the universities to contemporary needs in our rapidly changing world is widely recognized. And this means that styles of teaching, quality of learning materials1 and organization of the university itself have to be continuously brought up to date2 and improved. Besides, knowledge and information which comes through the mass media must also be taken into consideration. This informa tion explosion3 has affected every field of Study, especially, of course, in the natural and applied sciences and in all other sciences as well. The increase of information requires new methods and new approaches to students’ training and instruction4. At present a new system of education is introduced in this country — a distance education system. This computer system of learning helps working professionals to continue their education while remaining at their jobs. This system enables people to get knowledge and a good foundation in the sciences basic to his or her field of study. Distance learning has developed over years5 from satellite video courses to modern videoconferencing through per sonal computers. The academic year usually lasts 9 months and is divided into two terms (semesters). The first- and second-year students obtain thorough instructions in the fundamental sciences of mathematics, physics, chemistry and drawing as well as computer engineering and a number of others. The curricula are enriched and broadened6 by instructions in Such subjects as foreign languages, history and economics. At the third year students get more advanced knowledge and begin to concentrate on their special interests, so to say, their «ma jor» subject and take many courses in this subject. Specialized study and courses will help students to become specialists and prepare them for their future work. After four years students will get a bachelor’s degree. Then the students may go on with their studies and in a year or two of further study and research get a master’s degree. After graduating from the university they may go on with their study and research and may get a still higher degree. About 75 percent of students receive state grants and 15 percent are sponsored by enterprises. Universities have their own students’ hostels and some of them have large and excellent sport centers. Education is a process through which culture is preserved, knowledge and skills are developed, values are formed, and infor mation is exchanged. Education is the way to success. Notes to the Text
УПРАЖНЕНИЯ Упражнение 12. Просмотрите упражнение 7 и текст 1А, ответьте на во просы. 1. When does the academic year begin in this country? 2. How many exams did you pass to enter the University? 3. Do you pay for your education? 4. Do students get grants? 5. What subjects do stu dents study in the first year? 6. Which subject is the most interest ing for you? 7. Is there a sport center in your University? 8. What degree do students get after four years of study? 9. What degree can a student get after two years of further study and research? 10. What new education system is introduced in this country? 11. What spe cialities do people get after graduating from a university? 12. Why is higher education important in the life of every country? Упражнение 13. Сравните предложения в действительном и страдатель ном залоге, переведите их. will give us a new task. A new task will be given tomorrow. We shall be given a new task tomorrow. 6. Practice accompanies theory. Theory is accompanied by practice. 7. He asked me to bring a dic tionary. He was asked to bring a dictionary. 8. The teacher told the students to sign their drawings. The students were told to sign their drawings. 9. The dean will send the students to a big plant in sum mer. The students will be sent to a big plant in summer. 10. He taught us to use the lab equipment. We were taught to use the lab equipment. Упражнение 14. А. Переделайте предложения из действительного в стра- дательный залог. 1. You open the door. 2. We asked questions. 3. He will finish his project next week. 4. He can do this exercise. 5. They invited me to their conference. 6. I saw a new film. 7. My sister writes letters regularly. 8. Universities develop new methods of students’ train ing. 9. After graduating from the University the students may get a still higher degree. 10. The study of foreign languages, history and economics must improve the curricula of technological universities. В. Переведите предложения в страдательном залоге, дайте варианты, где возможно. 1. Mathematics, strength of materials, mechanics, elements of machines as well as engineering physics are studied at technologi cal institutes. 2. The development of science is closely connected with the development of higher education. 3. Students are provided with hostels, well-equipped laboratories and libraries. 4. Any coun try must be provided with good specialists in all branches of sci ence and technology for its further development. 5. Large sums of money are spent by the state to train highly-qualified engineers. 6. Much attention must be paid to improve the standards of higher education. 7. Students of technological institutes are trained to analyse various facts and theories. 8. The scientific and techno logical progress of a country is determined by the qualification of specialists. 9.Some institutes of technology are reorganized into universities. lO.The country must be provided with specialists ca pable of working with the technology of tomorrow effectively. Упражнение 15. Найдите Participle I и Participle II, переведите предложе ния. was on new methods of technology. 4. The man delivering this lecture is our professor on mathematics. 5. An article discussing the new system of school education appeared in all newspapers.
УПРАЖНЕНИЯ ДЛЯ САМОСТОЯТЕЛЬНОЙ РАБОТЫ Упражнение 16. Определите по суффиксу, к какой части речи относятся следующие слова: administration, gradual, electric, intensively, practical, dra matic, integral, specific, operation, illumination, naturally, identi cal, organization, originally, arctic, technical, acceleration. Упражнение 17. Найдите в тексте 1А слова с суффиксами -tion, -al, -ic, -1у и переведите их. Упражнение 18. Найдите глагольные формы, которые могут быть сказуе мыми в предложении: student, many, will be passed, doing, technical, has, reports, studied, interesting, connected, are, were done, large, is, tasks, de veloped, is read, coming, texts, badly, giving, had, was made possi ble, are given, forms, necessary, teaches, basis, was, done. Упражнение 19. Найдите: а) антонимы (слова, противоположные по значению) to begin, to enter, young, large, to open, to take, quick, much, to graduate from, many, long, slow, little, to finish, old, small, to close, to give, few, short; б) синонимы (слова, совпадающие по значению) new, large, many, to begin, to take, to speak, to enter, to build, to do, to get, modern, big, to start, much, to make, main, to talk, to construct, to come into, major. Упражнение 20. Составьте предложения из следующих слов в соответст вии с порядком слов в английском предложении. tists, important, solve, our. 6. texts, difficult, Petrov, technical, translated. 7. his, will, the teacher, translation, correct. 8. next, dean, a lecture, deliver, our, week, will. 9. students, more, insti tutes, last, entered, a million, than, year. Упражнение 21. Заполните пропуски глаголами to be, to have в соответст вующем времени. 1. Moscow ... the capital of Russia. 2. There ... many institutes in Moscow. 3. The oldest of them ... Moscow University. 4. Our University ... one of the oldest technological institutes in this coun try. 5. It... founded in 1830. 6. It... old and new buildings. 7. There ... laboratories, workshops and libraries in our institute. 8. Every faculty ... its own computer center. 9. Our library ... a great number of books and magazines in all branches of science and technology. 10. Last year we ... at school, next year we ... the second year stu dents. 11. We ... industrial training in the third year. Упражнение 22. Выберите правильную форму. 1. Entrance exams (held, are held) in summer. 2. More than 20 new technological institutes (were founded, founded) in the last decade. 3. Basic engineering subjects (studied, are studied) in the first and second years. 4. Highly-qualified specialists (trained, are trained) at higher schools. 5. More than a million students (enroled, were enroled) to the institutes and universities of this country last summer. 6. The training of specialists (will be im proved, will improve) as a result of restructuring in the next few years. Упражнение 23. Напишите ответы на вопросы по следующему образцу: Are there two presidents in the United States? No, there are not. There are not two presidents in the United States. There is one president in the United States. 1. Are there thirteen months in a year? 2. Are there eight days in a week? 3. Are there fifty minutes in a hour? 4. Are there sev enty seconds in a minute? 5. Are there forty days in a month? 6. Are there thirty days in February? 7. Are there thirty-two days in January? 8. Are there five seasons in a year? Упражнение 24. Выберите соответствующие местоимения. А. 1. (We, us) all went with (their, them) to the dean’s office.
Упражнение 25. Выразите согласие или несогласие. 1. Do you study at school? 2. Are you a student of the third year? 3. Do you study many subjects? 4. Did you pass your en trance exams well? 5. Do you live in Moscow? 6. Do you live far from the institute? 7. Is English your favourite subject? 8. Will you go to the concert tomorrow? 9. Were your books taken from the li brary? 10. Do you live in the hostel? Упражнение 26. Заполните пропуски предлогами in, at, on, to, into, under, near. 1. We live ... Moscow. 2.1 get up ... seven o’clock and leave ... eight. 3.1 usually walk ... the institute. 4. There are three rooms ... our flat. 5. There is a picture ... the wall and a small table ... the picture. 6. He comes ... the room and sits down ... the chair ... the table. 7. ... the evening we watch TV or read books. 8. We do not study... Sunday. 9. There are several newspapers ... the table. 10. The accident happened ... the bridge. Упражнение 27. Дайте недостающие формы глагола, запомните их. got, beginning, took, meant, say, becoming, found, brought, going, come Упражнение 28. Прочитайте и переведите текст без словаря. As you know higher education trains highly-qualified specialists for further development and progress of the country. The students making good progress get state grants. The course of study at the universities lasts about six years. The students take three or four years of general engineering and fundamental courses, then one or two years of specialized training in some fields of science and tech nology. In the first and second years a good foundation for profes sional knowledge is provided. At present there are many modern laboratories at institutes. Most higher schools have their own com puter centers. This means that the state must spend a lot of money to improve higher education. CONVERSATION Exercise 1. Answer the questions.
Exercise 2. Read and learn. Ted’s instructor: Hello Ted. I’m glad I saw you before lectures. Did you know about the change in the examination timetable?
Ted: I’m nearly there. I think I’ll give it to you on Tuesday. Ted’s ins.: That’s good. I can’t let you have another extension (отсрочка). Ted: I was really grateful for the extra time you gave me. That was a really big assignment. Ted’s ins.: Well, I’ll expect it next week. Now, would you like to hear the details of the schedule? Ted: Oh. Yes, please. Ted’s ins.: You’ll have four examinations. General mechanics is in the morning of January 8th, physics is on the afternoon of January 13th, maths is on the morning of January 18th, and information technology in the afternoon of January 23rd. Mr.R.: Good morning. Have a seat. Bob: Good morning. Thank you. Mr. R.: I have your application here. Your name is Robert Smith, right? B.: That’s right, sir. Mr. R.: And you hope to enter our university this year? B.: Yes sir, if I can make it. Mr. R.: Fine, Bob. You finished school a year ago. Why didn’t you enter college that year? B.: Well, I have a sister in college now. And there is another one who’ll be going next year. So I need money to pay for my education. Mr. R.: АД right. How were your grades (отметка, оценка) at school? B.: Well, pretty good. Until my last year I got a little too in terested in sports. But I know I’ll work hard in college. Mr. R.: It’s hard to keep up both sports and studies. B.: Yes sir, I know. Mr. R.: Fine. Well, we’ll let you know in about two weeks, good luck (удачи). В.: Thank you, sir. Goodbye. |