Учебник английского языка для технических университетов и вузов Издание шестое, стереотипное
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Упражнение 1. Объясните употребление времен группы Perfect, пере ведите. 1. This is a very good book, I have just read it with pleasure. 2. He has been absent this week. He has been ill. 3.1 haven’t seen you for a long time. Where have you been all this time? 4. We haven’t heard about her since 1989. 5. By the beginning of the lecture the laboratory assistant had brought all the necessary diagrams. 6. Be fore we came to the next lecture we had studied the material of the first one. 7. Have you already finished your diploma work? No, I shall have finished it by the end of June. 8. They will not have passed their exams by the time you return. 9. Many students have been enroled into universities this year. 10. The translation has not been finished yet. It will have been finished by the end of the month. 11. Have you brought these journals with you? No, these journals had been brought by my sister before I returned from St. Petersburg. Don’t you know that? Упражнение 2. А. Выберите правильную форму сказуемого. 1. Не (has graduated, graduated) from MSTU named after Bauman this year. He (graduated, will have graduated) from MSTU named after Bauman in 6 years. 2. She (saw, has seen) us in the morning yesterday. She (saw, has seen) us this morning. 3.1 (have met, met) him last year. I never (had met, have met) him before.
В. Переделайте предложения из действительного в страдательный залог. 1. The students have done their homework very well. 2. Bob has left his notebook at home. 3.1 have told you about a lecture. 4. The laboratory assistant had prepared the experiment by 2 o’clock.
Упражнение 3. Переведите предложения. 1. Что вы сделали сегодня? — Я напечатала (to type) много писем. — Я хочу посмотреть письмо к мистеру Д. — Вот, по жалуйста. Я только что напечатала его. — А письмо к мистеру Р.? — Я еще не напечатала это письмо. Я напечатаю его к концу рабочего дня. 2. Вчера мы встретили наших друзей. Мы не видели их с окончания университета. До возвращения в Москву они работали в Орле. 3. Новый завод будет построен к началу следующего года. Он будет оснащен самым современ ным оборудованием. Упражнение 4. Прочитайте и объясните употребление времен. At the Institute Vera: Hello, Mike! What are you doing here? Mike: Hello, Vera! I am reading for my mathematics exam. V.: But your group has passed it already, hasn’t it? М.: Yes, it has, but I was absent at this time. So I’ll take this exam tomorrow. V.: Is it difficult for you to take this exam? М.: No, it is not. I have finished a specialized mathematical school where mathematics was studied more thoroughly (тщательно) than at other schools. Besides, I have taken part in a mathemat ics contest of our city. V.: Really? Have you? When was it? М.: It was last year. V.: Were you the first at this contest? М. : No, I was the second. The first one was the boy from one of the Novosibirsk mathematical schools. V.: Have you ever been to Novosibirsk? М.: Yes, I have been there this year with a group of students of our faculty. V.: What have you seen there? М.: Oh, I have seen a lot. But now I have no time to tell you about it. Well, Vera, what are you doing here? Are you reading for your exams too? V.: No, I am not. I’ve passed all my exams with good marks this term and so my holidays have already started. I’m waiting for my friend here. Good luck, Mike. Упражнение 5. Определите, чем выражено подлежащее каждого предло жения, переведите. 1. After the international conference on ecology it has become possible to begin working at environmental problems on a global scale. 2. Some scientists and engineers are working at improving traditional production processes, others are developing new tech nologies. 3. The new instruments will enable us to determine the level of pollution in our rivers. 4. Our technological advances make it possible to deal with the most difficult problems. 5. Our lecturer’s book on strength of materials is well-known and popular. 6. One must study six years to become an engineer. 7. There is a big library in the new building of our institute. It is a very good library. One may get all the necessary books there and it is possible to keep them till the end of the academic year. 8. It is well-known that techno logical progress is impossible without electronics, computers, ro bots and new materials. 9. That ecological problems have become the most important ones at present is evident to all. 10. What is necessary for the students is to get a good qualification. 11.That S.P. Korolyev was the founder of practical cosmonautics is a well- known fact. 12. That theory is combined with practical training is a very good tradition of our educational system. 13. That it is neces sary to develop an international ecological program is realized throughout the world. Упражнение б. Найдите сказуемое в каждом предложении, переведите.
СЛОВООБРАЗОВАНИЕ Упражнение 7. Переведите следующие производные слова согласно об разцу: глагол + -ег/-ог = существительное to teach — учить, обучать —> teacher — учитель to regulate — регулировать —> regulator — регулятор to lecture — lecturer, to speak — speaker, to invent — inventor, to generate — generator, to transform — transformer, to indicate — indicator, to compute — computer; суффиксы прилагательных -ant/-ent to excel — превосходить -» excellent — превосходный important, efficient, distant, evident, confident, recent; отрицательные префиксы un-/im- questionable — спорный -» unquestionable — неоспоримый, несомненный material — immaterial, limited — unlimited, important — unim portant, usual — unusual, natural — unnatural, necessary — un necessary, known — unknown, qualified — unqualified, changing — unchanging, seen — unseen, possible — impossible, perfect — im perfect, personal — impersonal, mobile — immobile. Упражнение 8. Прочитайте и переведите интернациональные слова. electricity [ilek'trisiti], civilization [,sivilai'zeijan], economic and social progress ['praugras], transformer [traens'fo:ma], uni versal [ju:ni'va:sal], electrometallurgy [I'lektraume'taelacfei], ca ble ['keibl], specific [spi'sifik], machine [ma'JTn], photocopying machine, radar ['reida], Paris ['paeris], generator ['cfcenareita], battery ['baetari], lamp [laemp], dynamo ['dainemeu], indicator ['indikeite], nation ['neijsn], energy ['enscfei], service ['se:vis], laser ['leiza], compact ['kompaekt]. Упражнение 9. Прочитайте и запомните произношение слов. imagine [I'maedjin], turn [te:n], daily ['deili], completely [kam'pli:tli], power ['paua], appearance [a'piarans], gear [gis], pulley ['puli], whole [haul], range [reindj], device [di'vais], source [so:s], century ['sentfuri], design [di'zain], since [sins], consumption [kan'sAmpJan], double [dAbl], health [helO], reduce [ri'dju:s], beam [bi:m], advantages [ad'vamtidjiz], clean [kli:n], regulated ['regjuleitid], generate ['djenareit], human ['hju:man], latest ['leitist]. СЛОВА И СЛОВОСОЧЕТАНИЯ ДЛЯ ЗАПОМИНАНИЯ advantage и — преимущество appearance п — появление application п — применение, заявление completely adv — полностью, целиком consumption п — потребление, расход cover п — охватить, охваты вать, design v — конструировать, проектировать device п — прибор, устройство double v — удваивать efficient а — эффективный generate v — вырабатывать, производить imagine v — представлять себе, воображать invent v — изобретать power и — энергия, мощность property п — свойство recent а — недавний, послед ний reduce v — уменьшать, сни жать replace v — заменять set up (set) v — воздвигать, сооружать source п — источник state п — положение, состоя ние such as — такой как transform v — преобразовы вать turn v — поворачиваться, об ратиться; превратить (into) wide а — широкий without ргр — без whole а — весь, целый in the case of — в случае to be based on — основываться, быть основанным на |