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UNIT 1. HISTORY OF THE UN1. Ответьте на вопросы, используя следующие выражения.
What do you know about the United Nations? Do you think the UN is a governmental organization? What city is associated with the United Nations? Do you believe the UN should protect human rights? Does the UN fight against terrorism? TEXTHistory of the UN Vocabularyto facilitate cooperation – содействовать сотрудничеству syn. to promote to maintain peace – сохранить мир syn. to preserve to provide a platform for dialogue – создать платформу для диалога human rights – права человека to promote respect for human rights – содействовать уважению прав человека international security – международная безопасность to achieve world peace – добиться глобального мира UN member-states – страны-члены ООН UN headquarters – штаб-квартира ООН The UN Charter – Устав ООН The UN General Assembly – Генеральная Ассамблея ООН The UN Secretary General – Генеральный Секретарь ООН The UN Security Council – Совет Безопасности ООН Economic and Social Council – Экономический и Социальный Совет International Court of Justice –Международный Суд public figure – общественный деятель to attain a post – занять пост successor – преемник aim – цель syn. purpose, target, objective, goal to fight against – бороться с … to settle disputes by peaceful means (peacefully) – решать спорные вопросы мирным путем to settle disputes through negotiations – решать спорные вопросы путем переговоров non-interference in the internal affairs – невмешательство во внутренние дела the use of force – использование силы (применение силы) to espouse the idea – вдохновиться идеей Прочитайте и переведите текст.The United Nations (UN) is an international organization whose stated aims are to facilitate cooperation in international law, international security, economic development, social progress, human rights, and achieving world peace. The UN was founded in 1945 after World War II to replace the League of Nations, to stop wars between countries, and to provide a platform for dialogue. There are currently nearly 200 member states, including nearly every recognized independent state in the world. From its headquarters on international territory in New York City, the UN and its specialized agencies decide on substantive and administrative issues in regular meetings held throughout the year. The organization is divided into administrative bodies, primarily: The General Assembly (the main deliberative assembly); The Security Council (decides certain resolutions for peace and security); The Economic and Social Council (assists in promoting international economic and social cooperation and development); The Secretariat (provides studies, information, and facilities needed by the UN); The International Court of Justice (the primary judicial organ). Additional bodies deal with the governance of all other UN System agencies, such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and United Nations Children`s Fund (UNICEF). The UN`s most visible public figure is the Secretary-General, currently Ban Ki-moon of South Korea, who attained the post in 2007. The organization is financed from assessed and voluntary contributions from its member states, and has six official languages: Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian and Spanish. The UN was founded as a successor to the League of Nations, which was widely considered to have been ineffective in its role as an international governing body, as it had been unable to prevent World War II. The term “United Nations” was first used by Winston Churchill and Franklin D. Roosevelt, in the 1942 Declaration by United Nations, which united the Allied countries of WWII under the Atlantic Charter, and soon became a term widely used to refer to them. Declarations signed at wartime Allied conferences in 1943 espoused the idea of the UN. Those and later talks outlined the organization`s proposed purposes, membership, organs, and ideals in regard to peace, security, and cooperation. On 25 April 1945, the UN Conference on International Organization began in San-Francisco, attended by 50 governments and a number of non-governmental organizations involved in drafting the Charter of the UN. The UN officially came into existence on 24 October 1945 upon ratification of the Charter by the five permanent members of the Security Council – France, the Republic of China, the Soviet Union, the United Kingdom and the United States – and by a majority of the other 46 signatories. The first meetings of the General Assembly, with 51 nations represented, and the Security Council, took place in Westminster Central Hall in London in January 1946. According to the Charter, the UN is to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to cooperate in solving international problems and in promoting respect for human rights. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания из текста.To facilitate cooperation, member states, to achieve world peace, to provide a platform for a dialogue, the UN headquarters, successor, to prevent World War II, international security, to hold meetings, substantive issues, ineffective, to draft the Charter of the UN, to come into existence. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты.Международная безопасность, содействовать сотрудничеству, уважать права человека, обеспечить платформу для диалога, важные вопросы, сохранять мир во всем мире, согласно Уставу, Генеральный Секретарь ООН, вступить в должность, предотвратить войну, преемник Лиги Наций, прекратить войны, штаб-квартира, Генеральная Ассамблея ООН, Совет Безопасности. Соотнесите русские словосочетания в левой колонке с их английскими эквивалентами в правой.
Закончите предложения в соответствии с содержанием текста, употребляя активную лексику урока. The United Nations is an international organization whose stated aims are … . The UN was founded in … .to … . The UN’s most visible public figure is …. . The UN was founded as a successor to … . The organization is divided into administrative bodies, primarily … . The UN officially came into existence … . According to the Charter, the UN is … . Ответьте на вопросы по текстуWhen was the UN founded and for what purpose? When was the term “United Nations” first used and by whom? What countries ratified the UN Charter? What did the UN Charter set out? What are the main organs of the UN? When did the UN officially come into existence? When and where did the first meetings of the General Assembly and the Security Council take place? Переведите предложения на русский язык.When states become members of the UN, they agree to accept the obligations of the UN Charter, an international treaty, which sets out basic principles of international relations. According to the Charter, the UN has four purposes: to maintain international peace and security, to develop friendly relations among nations, to cooperate in solving international problems and promoting respect for human rights, and to be a centre for harmonizing the actions of nations. The UN is not a world government, and it does not make laws. It does, however, provide the means to help resolve international conflicts and formulate policies on matters affecting all of us. The United Nations is much more than a peacekeeper and forum for conflict resolution. Often without attracting attention, the UN is engaged in a vast array of work that touches on every aspect of people’s lives around the world. The UN recognizes the sovereign equality of all its members who will refrain from use or threat of force in inter-state relations. It does not interfere in matters that are within the domestic jurisdiction of any state. 9. Переведите предложения на английский язык, используя слова и словосочетания из текста.Целью ООН является поддержание международного мира между народами и безопасности, разрешение всех спорных вопросов путем переговоров. Основными органами ООН являются: Генеральная Ассамблея, Совет Безопасности, Экономический и Социальный Совет, Международный Суд, Секретариат, каждый из которых включает в себя большое количество комитетов и подкомитетов Устав ООН был подписан 50 странами в 1945 году в Сан-Франциско, Калифорния. ООН всегда руководствовалась принципом невмешательства во внутренние дела независимых государств и пыталась удержать конфликтующие стороны при разрешении спорных вопросов. ООН выступает за осуществление международного сотрудничества в экономической, социальной, культурной и гуманитарной областях. |