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UNIT 2. THE UN GENERAL ASSEMBLY

THE UN SECURITY COUNCIL

TEXT 1

The UN General Assembly Vocabulary

1. 
   to be composed of – состоять из
   

syn. to consist of, to comprise smth., smb.

2. 
   member nations – страны-члены ООН
   
3. 
   to be entitled to one vote – иметь право на один голос
   
4. 
   at the request of the Security Council – по просьбе Совета Безопасности
   
5. 
   at the request of a majority of the UN members – по просьбе большинства стран-членов ООН
   
6. 
   any matter within the scope of the charter – любой вопрос, не противоречащий уставу ООН
   
7. 
   to be brought before the General Assembly – быть представленным на рассмотрение сессии Генеральной Ассамблеи ООН
   
8. 
   on the agenda – на повестке дня
   
9. 
   to put on the agenda – включить в повестку дня
   
10. 
    lack of unanimity – отсутствие единодушия (единства)
    
11. 
    permanent members – постоянные члены
    
12. 
    to fail to exercise its primary responsibility – оказаться не в состоянии выполнять свою первостепенную (главную) задачу
    
13. 
    to be a threat to peace – быть угрозой миру
    
14. 
    a breach of peace – нарушение мира
    
15. 
    to recommend collective measures – рекомендовать коллективные меры
    
16. 
    to restore peace – восстановить мир
    
17. 
    to be convened within 24 hours – быть созванным, в течение 24 часов
    
18. 
    an emergency special session – чрезвычайная, внеочередная сессия
    
19. 
    two-thirds majority – большинство в 2/3.
    
20. 
    subjects of particular concern – вопросы, вызывающие особую озабоченность
    
21. 
    to refrain from using force – воздержаться от применения силы
    
22. 
    most pressing problems – насущные проблемы.
    

1. Прочитайте и переведите текст на русский язык.

The General Assembly is composed of representatives of all member nations. Each nation may send not more than five representatives to each session. Each nation is entitled to one vote.

The General Assembly meets in regular annual sessions and in special sessions when necessary. Special sessions are convoked by the Secretary General at the request of the Security Council or of a majority of the members of the UN.

Important matters, such as international peace and security, admitting new members, the UN budget are decided by two-thirds majority. In recent years, a special effort has been made to reach decisions through consensus, rather than by formal vote.

Any matter within the scope of the charter may be brought before the General Assembly, which may make recommendations on all except issues on the agenda of the Security Council. However, the General Assembly in November, 1950, decided that if the Security Council, because of lack of unanimity among its permanent members, fails to exercise its primary responsibility for maintenance of international peace and security, in any case where there appears to be a threat to peace, breach of peace or act of aggression, the Assembly may consider it and recommend collective measures including the use of armed forces to maintain or restore peace. In such cases, the General Assembly may be convened within 24 hours in an emergency special session.

2. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания из текста.

Member nations, to be entitled to, to meet in regular annual sessions, to be convoked, at the request of, a majority of members, within the scope of the Charter, to be brought before the General Assembly, except issues on the agenda of the Security Council, lack of unanimity, to fail to exercise its primary responsibility, maintenance of international peace and security, a breach of peace.

3. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты русским словам и словосочетаниям.

Состоять из представителей, каждая страна, на повестке дня, постоянные члены Совета Безопасности ООН, в любом случае, угроза миру, рекомендовать коллективные меры, использование вооруженных сил, сохранить или восстановить мир, в подобных случаях, чрезвычайная сессия ООН, поддержание международного мира и безопасности.

4. Определите, справедливы данные высказывания или нет. Исправьте неверные утверждения.

1. 
   The UN was established in 1946 by 50 countries.
   
2. 
   There are currently 150 member states to the UN.
   
3. 
   According to the Charter the UN has one purpose.
   
4. 
   The UN is a sort of world government, which makes laws.
   
5. 
   The UN has four main organs.
   
6. 
   The General Assembly is a kind of Parliament of nations.
   
7. 
   Decisions on important matters in the UN General Assembly are taken by one-half majority.
   
8. 
   There are 5 official languages of the United Nations.
   

5. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1. 
   What is the composition of the General Assembly ?
   
2. 
   How many votes is each nation entitled to?
   
3. 
   Who are special sessions convoked by?
   
4. 
   At whose request are special sessions convened?
   
5. 
   What matters may be brought before the General Assembly?
   
6. 
   What was the decision of the General Assembly in November of 1950?
   
7. 
   In what cases may the General Assembly be convened within 24 hours in an emergency special session?
   

6. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. 
   The main organ of the United Nations and the one in which all member states are represented is the General Assembly.
   
2. 
   The General Assembly meets in regular annual sessions from September to December.
   
3. 
   Special (emergency) sessions can be convened at the request of the Security Council or a majority of members of the United Nations on subjects of particular concern.
   
4. 
   The Assembly has the right to discuss and make recommendations on all the matters within the scope of the UN Charter.
   
5. 
   The UN General Assembly can make recommendations to member states and to other UN organs with the aim of promoting international cooperation in the political, economic and social fields.
   
6. 
   In case the Security Council fails to exercise its primary responsibility for maintenance of peace and security the General Assembly may recommend collective measures.
   
7. 
   The General Assembly may recommend the use of armed forces in the case of a breach of peace or act of aggression.
   
8. 
   All UN member states are represented in the General Assembly – a kind of parliament of nations which meets to consider the world’s most pressing problems.
   

7. Переведите предложения на английский язык.

1. 
   Каждая страна может послать на заседание сессии Генеральной Ассамблеи не более пяти представителей.
   
2. 
   Чрезвычайные сессии ООН могут быть созваны Генеральным секретарем ООН по просьбе Совета Безопасности или по решению большинства членов Генеральной Ассамблеи.
   
3. 
   Любой вопрос может быть вынесен (включен) на повестку дня сессии Генеральной Ассамблеи ООН.
   
4. 
   В том случае, если Совет Безопасности ООН не может выполнить свою прямую обязанность по поддержанию мира и безопасности в том или ином регионе, Генеральная Ассамблея ООН может рассмотреть этот вопрос на внеочередной сессии и рекомендовать коллективные меры.
   
5. 
   Внеочередные или чрезвычайные сессии ООН могут быть созваны в течение 24 часов от начала конфликта.
   

TEXT 2

The Security Council Vocabulary

1. 
   permanent members of the Security Council – постоянные члены Совета Безопасности
   
2. 
   to be eligible for re-election – иметь право на переизбрание
   
3. 
   2-year term – 2-х летний срок
   
4. 
   to carry out decisions – выполнять решения
   
5. 
   to investigate – расследовать
   
6. 
   dispute – спор
   
7. 
   disputable question – спорный вопрос
   
8. 
   a party to a dispute – сторона-участник конфликта
   
9. 
   to settle a dispute – урегулировать спор
   
10. 
    to handle a dispute – заниматься разбором спора (спорного вопроса) syn. to deal with, to address.
    
11. 
    to threaten peace and security – угрожать миру и безопасности
    
12. 
    to enforce decisions – проводить в жизнь решения
    
13. 
    interruption of economic relations - прекращение (разрыв) экономических отношений
    
14. 
    to call on smb. to do smth. – призывать к-л. к ч-либо
    
15. 
    to sever diplomatic relationsv – разорвать дипломатические отношения
    
16. 
    severance of diplomatic relations – разрыв дипломатических отношений
    
17. 
    to furnish armed forces – сформировать вооруженные силы
    
18. 
    to encourage – поддерживать, содействовать
    
19. 
    protection of refugees – защита беженцев.
    

8. Прочитайте и переведите текст.

The Security Council consists of 15 members, 5 with permanent seats. The remaining 10 are elected for 2-year terms by the General Assembly, they are not eligible for immediate re-election.

Permanent members of the Council are: China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States.

10 non-permanent members are currently Austria, Burkina Faso, Costa Rica, Croatia, Japan, Libya, Mexico, Turkey, Uganda and Vietnam.

The Security Council has the primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security and members agree to carry out its decisions. The Council may investigate any dispute that threatens international peace and security. When the Security Council is handling a dispute or situation the General Assembly makes no recommendation unless the Council requests it.

The Security Council functions continuously, each member being represented at all times. It may change its place of meeting.

Any member of the UN may participate in its discussions and a nation not a member of the UN may appear if it is a party to a dispute.

The Security Council may decide to enforce its decisions without the use of arms. Such measures include interruption of economic relations, break in transportation and communications, and severance of diplomatic relations. If such measures fail the Council may call on UN members to furnish armed forces and assistance. The right of individual or collective self-defense is not prohibited by membership in the UN, and if a member nation is attacked it may do what is necessary, reporting this to the Security Council, which may take independent action. However, the Council encourages regional arrangements or agencies by means of which local disputes can be settled without getting as far as the Council, after the Council has approved this method.

The Economic and Social Council

Economic and Social Council consists of twenty-seven members. The Council is concerned with financial and technical assistance to the less developed countries, the international protection of refugees and aid to the world's children.

The International Court of Justice

The principal judicial organ of the United Nations is the International Court of Justice which sits at the Hague in the Netherlands. It is composed of fifteen judges who are elected by the Security Council and the General Assembly.

The Secretariat

The administrative functions of the United Nations are carried out by the Secretariat. The secretariat consists of some 6,000 members, 3,600 of whom are at the United Nations Headquarters in New York.

The Secretary General who is appointed by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council is at the head of the Secretariat.

8. Переведите следующие слова и словосочетания на русский язык.

To be eligible for re-election, primary responsibility, to investigate a dispute, a party to a dispute, to enforce a decision, to call on UN members, to furnish armed forces, to encourage arrangements, self-defence, regional arrangements, severance of diplomatic relations, to threaten international peace and security.

8. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты русским словам и словосочетаниям.

Cостоять из, быть выбранным на 2-х летний срок, важнейшая обязанность, угрожать миру и безопасности, разрыв дипломатических отношений, индивидуальная и коллективная самозащита, подвергнуться нападению, предпринять действия, основной судебный орган, поддерживать международные меры, защита беженцев, помощь детям во всем мире, быть назначенным, по рекомендации.

8. Определите, справедливы данные высказывания или нет. Исправьте неверные утверждения.

1. 
   There are 10 Security Council members.
   
2. 
   The Security Council may convene from September to December.
   
3. 
   The Security Council has the power to make binding decisions that member governments have agreed to carry out.
   
4. 
   The Secretary General is appointed by the Secretariat.
   
5. 
   The International Court of Justice sits in New York.
   
6. 
   A nation not a UN member may not appear at the Security Council discutions if it is a party to a dispute.
   
7. 
   When the Security Council is handling a dispute or situation the General Assembly makes recommendations.
   

12. Ответьте на вопросы по тексту.

1. 
   What countries are permanent members of the Security Council?
   
2. 
   What is the primary responsibility of the Security Council?
   
3. 
   How does the Security Council function?
   
4. 
   In what way can the Security Council enforce its decisions?
   
5. 
   In what cases do the UN members apply to the Security Council for help?
   
6. 
   What other functions of the Economic and Social Council?
   
7. 
   What the principle judicial organ of the UN? Who are its members elected by?
   
8. 
   Who are the administrative functions of the UN carried out by?
   
9. 
   Who is at the head of the Secretariat?
   
10. 
    What body is the UN Secretary General appointed by?
    

13. Translate into Russian.

1. 
   The UN Charter gives the Security Council primary responsibility for maintaining international peace and security. The Council may convene at any time, day or night, whenever peace is threatened.
   
2. 
   There are 15 Security Council members. Five of these – China, France, the Russian Federation, the UK and the USA – are permanent members. The other 10 are elected by the General Assembly for a two-year term. Decisions of the Council require nine yes votes.
   
3. 
   When the Security Council is handling a dispute or situation the General Assembly makes no recommendations unless the Council requests it.
   
4. 
   There is a big number of organizations and agencies working in partnership with the UN in various economic, scientific and technical fields.
   

14. Translate into English.

1. 
   Основной задачей Совета Безопасности является сохранение международного мира и безопасности.
   
2. 
   Любая страна, являющаяся членом ООН и представленная в штаб - квартире ООН, может принимать участие в заседаниях и обсуждениях в Совете Безопасности ООН.
   
3. 
   Право индивидуальной или коллективной самозащиты не запрещается для стран членов ООН. В том случае, если страна член ООН подверглась нападению, она может предпринимать необходимые действия, уведомив об этом Совет Безопасности.
   
4. 
   Экономический и Социальный Совет осуществляет финансовую и техническую помощь развивающимся странам, занимается вопросами защиты беженцев и помощи детям во всем мире.
   
5. 
   Международный Суд состоит из 15 судей, которые избираются Советом Безопасности и Генеральной Ассамблеей ООН.
   

15. Образуйте соответствующие однокоренные слова и запишите их в таблицу.

Verb	Noun	Adjective or Participle
		reliable
to resume
	cooperation
to promote
	development
		resolving
	government
to protect
	security
		concerning

15. 
    Дайте отрицательную форму прилагательных.
    

Regular, effective, friendly, reliable, ambitious, honest, pleasant

15. Образуйте существительные от прилагательных.

Confident, optimistic, strong, reliable, ambitious, anxious, enthusiastic

15. Прочитайте информацию о Специализированных учреждениях ООН.

Agencies related to the UN (Специализированные учреждения ООН)
Working in partnership with the UN in various economic, social, scientific and technical fields is a group of organizations related to the UN by special agreements. The agencies are:
International Atomic Energy Agency – IAEA – МАГАТЭ

International Labor Org. – ILO – Международная организация труда (МОТ)

Food and Agricultural Org. – FAO – Организация по вопросам продовольствия и сельского хозяйства (ФАО)

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Org. – UNESCO – Организация по вопросам просвещения, науки и культуры (ЮНЕСКО)

World Health Org. – WHO – Всемирная организация ООН по вопросам здравоохранения (ВОЗ) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (or World Bank)

– Bank/IBRD – Международный банк реконструкции и развития

International Development Assn. – IDA – Международная ассоциация развития International Finance Corp. – IFC– Международная финансовая корпорация International Monetary Fund – IMF – Международный валютный фонд (МВФ)

International Civil Aviation Org. – ICAO – Международная организация гражданской авиации Universal Postal Union – UPU – Всемирный почтовый союз

International Telecommunication Union – ITU– Международный телекоммуникационный союз

World Meteorological Org. – WMO – Международная метеорологическая организация International Maritime Consultative Org. – IMCO – Международная морская организация

Nations Industrial Development Org. – UNIDO – Организация ООН по промышленному развитию General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (an international commercial treaty) – GATT– Генеральное соглашение по таможенным тарифам и торговле.