Английский для бакалавров (ЧАСТЬ 1). Учебное пособие Часть i тула 1999 предислови е настоящее учебное пособие предназначено для студентов, продолжающих изучение английского языка в неязыковом вузе на этапе общебакалаврской подготовки
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Запомните устойчивые словосочетания с глаголом to have: to have breakfast завтракать to have lunch обедать to have dinner обедать to have supper ужинать to have tea пить чай to have coffee пить кофе to have a meal поесть to have a drink выпить to have a smoke покурить to have a rest отдохнуть to have a wash постирать to have a bath принять ванну to have a shower принять душ to have a walk погулять to have a holiday провести отпуск (каникулы) to have a party устроить вечер to have a good time хорошо провести время to have a cold простыть to have a headache испытывать головную боль to have a chat поболтать to have a look at взглянуть на Обратите внимание! Вопросительная и отрицательная формы перечисленных выше словосочетаний образуется только с помощью вспомогательных глаголов: What time does Ann have lunch ? Did you have a swim this morning ? 4. Множественное число существительных (Plural of Nouns) Множественное число большинства английских существительных образуется путем прибавления окончания -s (-es) к существительному в единственном числе. Образование множественного числа
Запомните особые случаи образования множественного числа существительных.
Запомните ! 1. В английском языке следующие существительные не имеют формы множественного числа, всегда согласуются с глаголом в ед. ч. и могут иметь в качестве определения указательное местоимение только единственного числа (this/that): advice совет, советы information сведения furniture мебель happiness счастье knowledge знания luggage багаж money деньги news новость, новости sugar сахар 2. У следующих существительных форма единственного числа в русском языке соответствует форме множественного числа в английском языке: goods товар, товары clothes одежда suburbs пригород wages зарплата 3. У сложных существительных форму множественного числа принимает только последняя часть: a classroom – classrooms Исключение составляют слова, первой частью которых являются корни man - /woman - . В этом случае обе части принимают форму множественного числа: a manservant – menservants Если в составе сложного слова есть предлог, то форму множественного числа принимает первая часть: a father-in-law fathers-in-law a passer-by passers-by У п р а ж н е н и я I. Заполните пропуски одним из местоимений, приведенным в скобках: Does .... like ? (she, they, her, we) I’m sure I know .... (he, his, its, him) Is that .... car ? (you, yours, your, him) Is it their car ? – No, .... is yellow. (their, them, its, theirs) A few months ago I met an old friend of .... (my, me, mine, him) He rang Mary and invited .... to dinner. (she, it, her, hers) My father is fat, .... weighs over fifteen stone. (she, him, he, his) John showed .... the book. (his, it, its, him) Can you give .... some more cake ? (his, my, me, mine) If you see Tom and Jane, give ..... my love. (they, their, it, them) II. Закончите предложения местоимениями him/her/them. I don't know those girls. Do you know them ? I don't know that man. Do you know ..... ? I don't know Bob's wife. Do you know ..... ? I don't know his friends. Do you know ..... ? I don't know Mr. Brown. Do you know ..... ? III. а) Закончите предложение по образцу: She wants to see me but I don’t want to see her. I want to see him but .... doesn’t want to see .... . They want to see me but .... don’t want to see .... . We want to see them but .... don’t want to see .... . She wants to see him but .... doesn’t want to see .... . They want to see her but .... doesn’t want to see .... . I want to see them but .... don’t want to see .... . He wants to us but .... don’t want to see .... . б) Посмотрите на рисунки. Сделайте рассказ полным, добавив личные местоимения. The other day when I was shopping a woman stopped .......... and asked ........... the way to the post office. .............. gave her directions and ............. thanked ............. politely, then ran off quickly in the opposite direction. .............. put my hand in my pocket and found that my wallet was missing. .............. must have taken it while ............. were talking. ............. shouted and ran after............. but ............. was no good. .............. had disappeared in the crowd. IV. Заполните пропуски походящими по смыслу местоимениями. I had many English books. I read .... every day. Kate is my friend. I often meet .... in the office. We are students. This is .... classroom. Ben and Nick, open .... books at page 9. Take this book and read .... at home. Read these words and learn .... well. With .... do you usually speak about your work ? I don’t know .... . What’s his name ? Take the dictionary. – It’s not my dictionary, it’s .... . This is a photo of a modern shop. .... windows are wide and high. .... magazine is over there ? – It's mine. .... is your cousin ? – A journalist. V. Закончите предложения: I saw Mary with her husband Phil. I saw Ann and Bob with .... children. I saw Bob with .... wife Ann. I saw Bill with .... brother George. I saw Ann with .... parents. I saw Mary and Philip with .... son Bill. VI. Посмотрите внимательно на картинки. Напишите вопросы с вопросительным словом Whose .... ? 1.Whose book is this? 7. ................................................. ...? 2. Whose ..................................? 8. .................................................... ? 3. .................... .........................? 9. .…………………………………? 4. ..............................................? 10. .................................................. ? 5. ............................................. ? 11. ...................................................? 6. ..…………………………….....? 12. ...................................................? VII. Вставьте глагол to be в соответствующей форме. Переведите. 1. George .... a student. 2. We .... on duty today. 3. All students .... present today. 4. My grandparents .... pensioners. 5. This woman .... a housewife. 6. Yesterday the weather .... fine, but tomorrow it .... nasty. 7. Mr. Emmons .... blind. The neighbours .... glad to help him. 8. Tomorrow my husband .... at home. 9. We .... proud of our achievements. 10. The doctor .... busy with the patient. 11. It .... the worst weather anyone remembers. 12. I .... sure he will come in time. 13. She .... late for the lesson last Monday. 14. It .... kind of you to help this blind man. 15. These shoes .... just her size. 16. The lesson .... over soon and you .... free. VIII. Сделайте следующие утвердительные предложения отрицательными и вопросительными. Дайте краткие ответы на вопросы. Образец: I was ill last week. I was not ill last week. Were you ill last week ? – Yes, I was. / No, I wasn’t. 1. Pete is at work now. 2. My friend is good at geography. 3. It was wonderful at the party. 4. They were at the cinema yesterday. 5. The temperature will be above zero tomorrow. 6. I’m sure they will be late for the meeting. 7. They will be back tomorrow. 8. The teacher was pleased with the student’s answer. 9. We’ll be busy next Sunday. 10. The sportsmen are ready for the competition. 11. Bob is a famous football player. 12. Relationships within the family are different now. 13. Christmas is the traditional time for presents. IX. Поставьте следующие предложения в Past и Future Indefinite. Введите в предложение соответствующие обстоятельства:
Образец: It is cold today. It was cold yesterday. It will be cold tomorrow. 1. We are on duty today. 2. They are students of Tula State University. 3. She is 20. 4. I am an engineer. 5. She is tired. 6. This computer is out of order. 7. You are very busy. 8. They are at home. 9. My friend is at the cinema. X. Переведите предложения. Обратите внимание на устойчивые сочетания с глаголом to be. 1. I’m afraid of dogs. 2. What are you particularly interested in ? 3. I’m not hungry, I’m thirsty. 4. Are you ready for the lesson ? 5. A new film is on. Are you going to see it ? 6. He was about to leave London. 7. Is she in ? – No, she is out. 8. I’m afraid you are wrong. 9. Are you through with your work? 10. Mathematics is of great importance. XI. Употребите глагол to have в нужном времени. 1. Yesterday we .... a lecture on history and group 1074 .... a lecture on mathematics. 2. Tomorrow I .... an English lesson, my friend .... an English lesson too. 3. In 1963 Tula Polytecnical Institute .... 11 faculties. Now our University .... 13 faculties. 4. At the end of each term students .... four or five exams. Last January we .... five exams. This summer our group .... five exams too. 5. My mother always .... much work to do. 6. My parents usually .... little free time. 7. Each faculty of our University .... scientific laboratory. These laboratories .... modern equipment. 8. I hope all our graduates .... interesting work in the future. XII. Составьте вопросы, используя глаголы to be, to have в нужной форме. Образец: Your brother/young. Is your brother young ? Jane/brothers. George/nine years old. Mrs. Brown/a large family. Your sister/pretty. Why/they/absent. Where/Betty/now. They/relatives/here. It / the right answer. Your neighbour / any pets. You / any problems / with your parents. Why / it / great / to have a brother or a sister. You / an only child / in the family. XIII. Вставьте глагол to have в нужной форме. Переведите. 1. My friend .... not many children. He .... two sons. 2. I .... no paper to write a letter. 3. Jack .... not got that Spanish magazine. 4. We .... got an interesting article about Moscow. 5. .... you got enough time to discuss this question with me ? 6. How many English lessons .... you .... last week ? – We .... three lessons. 7. We .... much work to do at the office yesterday. 8. What time .... you usually .... breakfast ? – I usually .... breakfast at 9 o’clock in the morning. 9. I .... little money, but now I .... much. 10. The girl .... no cat, but soon she .... a black kitten. 11. They .... a house in the suburbs. 12. .... you got anything new to tell me ? 13. We .... a good time next weekend. 14. .... we .... a lecture tomorrow ? – No, we ..... We .... no lectures tomorrow. XIV. Напишите три собственных предложения по каждому образцу. She has a daughter. - У неё есть дочь. How many brothers has he ? - Сколько у него братьев? Has she a family ? – Yes, she has. (No, she hasn’t). - У неё есть семья ? - Да. (Нет.) I have no family. - У меня нет семьи. I haven’t (got) any arabic books at home. - У меня нет дома книг на арабском языке. I’ve got many interesting books.- У меня есть много интересных книг. Did you have a Russian lesson yesterday? - У вас был вчера урок русского языка ? I didn’t have much work todo yesterday. - Вчера у меня было немного работы. Shall we have an English lesson tomorrow ? - У нас будет урок английского языка завтра ? XV. Напишите следующие слова a) во множественном числе: a house, a mouse, a potato, a piano, a dish, this baby, this valley, that knife, a roof, that woman, a tooth, that child, this box, my brother-in-low, this boy, a toothbrush, a workman, a classroom, an armchair, a matchbox, this bookshop, that woman-teacher, his secretary, a nurse, a stepmother, his wife, a grown-up, a formula; b) в единственном числе: feet, sheep, teeth, these boxes, these libraries, those babies, needs, our theses, those data, these heroes, kisses, families, sisters-in-low, his watches, actresses, those saleswomen, my boyfriends. XVI. Напишите следующие предложения во множественном числе. 1. This equipment is very expensive. 2. This shop is not open today. 3. That house in our street is very old. 4. Our examination is not difficult. 5. This flower is very beautiful. 6. I am not interested in football. 7. This is a very old photograph. 8. She is an Italian. XVII. Переведите. 1. Его рабочий день очень длинный. Он всегда занят. 2. У меня два брата, один – студент, другой – школьник. 3. Она хорошо разбирается в математике. 4. Нам очень нравится современная музыка. 5. Мы гордимся своими родителями. 6. Вы боитесь собак? - Нет. 7. Никто не был готов к уроку. 8. Братья были очень похожи друг на друга. 9. У меня болит голова. 10. Не беспокойтесь, я сделаю это сама. 11. Вы нервничаете? Вы чувствуете себя хорошо? 12. Сам фильм не был интересным, но музыка была замечательная. 13. В следующем месяце ей будет 18 лет. 14. Кто самый старший в вашей семье? 15. Что у вас обычно на завтрак? 16. Он очень приятный человек. Как его зовут? РАБОТА С ТЕКСТОМ Text A. Learning Foreign Languages | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||