Английский для бакалавров (ЧАСТЬ 1). Учебное пособие Часть i тула 1999 предислови е настоящее учебное пособие предназначено для студентов, продолжающих изучение английского языка в неязыковом вузе на этапе общебакалаврской подготовки
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Vocabulary
XI. Study the words. XII. Read the text 'Schooling in the United Kingdom'.Answer the questions: 1. What is State schooling in the United Kingdom characterized by? 2. When do they start education in Britain? 3. What are the stages of schooling in the United Kingdom? 4. Is secondary education selective or non-selective in Britain? 5. According to what principles were children streamed until 1965? 6. What are the recent government measures in the sphere of education? 7. What kind of school-leaving exams do children take at schools in Britain? Text C. University Education in Great Britain According to the organization of work in the universities they can be divided into 3 groups: 1) London University; 2) Oxford and Cambridge; 3) Provincial universities. London University consists of the federation of different institutes, schools and colleges run by one administration. They are situated in different parts of London and even outside it. The rules are the same for all the colleges and institutes of London University. It is comprised by 62 institutes, schools and colleges. Oxford and Cambridge are also educational federations, but they unite only colleges, and if the students of London University live not only in the hostels but also at home, Oxford and Cambridge are as a rule residential, that is the students live in the colleges of these universities. Though now there are students who live at home. They are obliged to come to the university twice or three times a week to have meals together with other students (the spirit of a collective). In each college there live students of different faculties, and in each college they are given lectures on humanitarian subjects. The attendance is not compulsory. The lectures are delivered by the lecturers who live in the college too. Independent work of students is supervised by tutors who live in the college, and deliver lectures on their subjects. If a student has money he may choose a tutor to his taste. These two universities still enjoy a great popularity, because they have the best teaching staff and better prepared students. To enter these universities is more difficult, that is why they have better chances to choose better prepared students. The composition of the student body here is peculiar. More than 2/3 are from upper-middle classes. Most state posts in the country are occupied by Oxford and Cambridge graduates. Oxford and Cambridge have always concentrated on humanities to train leaders, but recently they have opened some departments of science and technology. Provincial universities have no elements of federation. All the students and the teaching staff are concentrated in one place. Their students live either at home or in hostels or rented rooms. These universities are more democratic than other universities. Universities are financed through a special government committee. The money comes from different sources: 1) state subsidies (about 70%), 2) from the students who pay for education (about 12%), 3) subsidies from local authorities (3 - 4%), 4) private investments and the university’s own means. The tuition fee in Britain is very high, higher than in other countries (300 pounds a term). It differs from university to university. In London - Ј 600 per term. It is higher in Oxford and Cambridge than in the provinces. The tuition, lodging and food in London University is about 1000 pounds; in Oxford and Cambridge for the same 1000; in provincial universities 700 / 800 pounds. As the students from working class families can’t afford to pay so much, 73% of all the students get scholarships. The total sum of it is 550 - 650 pounds per term. All those who have finished Grammar school at an advanced level can enter a university. To enter it the school leavers don’t have to take entrance exams except at Oxford and Cambridge and some colleges of London University. At the university students attend lectures given by lecturers and professors. As soon as a student is enrolled in university or college he is given independent work which is checked by the tutor. The tutorial system is characteristic of the students' studies in English universities. Every student is attached to a tutor who controls his independent work, supervises his discipline and prepares him for exams. Each tutor has 3-4 students, sometimes 10. Once or twice a week a student writes a kind of a composition. It is an account of student’s independent work for the week. The compositions are on the subjects students specialize in. Once or twice a week a student comes to his tutor, and for an hour or so, the teacher discusses with him the merits and demerits of his work. An English student studies from 9 a.m. till 1 p.m. He attends lectures, works in the laboratories and with tutors. The rest of his time is taken up by his independent work in the library, or by sports. Now, especially in provincial universities they lay greater stress on lectures. Exams are taken in written form (papers). The main stress is laid on narrow specialization. If physics and mathematics are compulsory all the other subjects are optional. The course of study at the university is three years, at the medical and some other faculties - 4 years. But lazy students may stay there for 5 years. They get no degree or diploma but a certificate, so they do not graduate from the university but finish it. They do the work at an ordinary level. But if they want to graduate from the university they must do the work at an advanced level. The academic year begins in October and lasts till July. In three years if a student passes his exams successfully he gets a Bachelor’s degree (Bachelor of Arts, B.A. or Bach. of Science, B.Sc.). He may have the Honours Degree or the Ordinary Degree. For the O.D. a student passes ordinary exams. For the H.D. he takes an intensive study, after it he may stay at the university for one or two more years. He does some more studies to get his Master of Science Degree (M.Sc.). To get this degree the student must pay for exams. To become a Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.) one must write a thesis. After it comes Doctor of Science Degree (D.Sc.). All the establishments of higher education in Great Britain can be divided into the following groups: Universities, university colleges, technical colleges and other specialized colleges (teachers training colleges, commercial colleges, etc.). XIII. Read the text 'University Education in Great Britain' silently. Find the answers to the following questions in the text: 1. What are the three types of Universities in Great Britain? 2. What are the main differences between the three groups of British Universitie? 3. How can young people gain admission to the University? 4. What is the process of study in British Universities? 5. What support have students from the state? XIV.Make up the plan of the text. Retell the text according to your plan. XV. Make up a summary of the text. Text D. Oxford What is so special about Oxford and Cambridge, the two oldest universities in England? Why do so many students want to study there? Both of these university towns are very beautiful. They have some of the finest architecture in Britain. Some of their colleges, chapels and libraries are three, four and even five hundred years old, and are full of valuable books and precious paintings. Both towns have many lovely gardens, where the students can read and relax in the summer months. Oxford is the older university of the two. The first of its colleges was founded in 1249. The university now has thirty-four colleges and about twelve thousand students, many of them from other countries. There were no women students at Oxford until 1878, when the first women’s college, Lady Margaret Hall, opened. Now, women study at most colleges. Oxford is, of course, famous for its first class education as well as its beautiful buildings. Some of the most intelligent men and women in the country live and work here. Oxford gives them what they need: a quiet atmosphere, friendly colleagues, and the four-hundred-year-old Bodleian library, which has about five million books. It is not easy to get a place at Oxford University to study for a degree. But outside the university there are many smaller private colleges which offer less difficult courses and where it is easy to enrol. Most students in these private schools take business, secretarial or English language courses. XVI. Read the text and find the answers to these questions: 1. What makes Oxford and Cambridge so special? 2. When was one of the first colleges in Oxford founded? 3. How many colleges does the University consist of? 4. When did women begin to study at Oxford? 5. What is Oxford famous for? 6. Is it easy to get a place to study at Oxford? 7. How old is Bodleian library? 8. Which is older: Oxford University or Cambridge University? XVII. Draw a scheme of British post school education. Discuss it with your partner. XVIII. Compare British and Russian systems of higher education. Discuss merits and demerits of both systems. XIX. Make a written translation of the following passages: a) Britain’s Universities There are about 90 universities in Britain. They are divided into three types: the old universities (Oxford, Cambridge and Edinburgh Universities), the 19th century universities such as London and Manchester universities, and the new universities. Some years ago there were also polytechnics. After graduating from a polytechnic a student got a degree, but it was not a university degree. 31 former polytechnics were given university status in 1992. Full courses of study offer the degree of Bachelor of Arts or Science. Most degree courses at universities last 3 years, language courses - 4 years (including a year spent abroad). Medicine and dentistry courses are longer (5 - 7 years). Students may receive grants from their Local Education Authority to help pay for books, accommodation, transport and food. This grant depends on the income of their parents. Most students live away from home, in flats or halls of residence. Students don’t usually have a job during term time because the lessons, called lectures, seminars, classes or tutorials (small groups), are full time. However, many students now have to work in the evening. University life is considered “an experience”. The exams are competitive but the social life and living away from home are also important. The social life is excellent with a lot of clubs, parties, concerts, bars. There are not only universities in Britain but also colleges. Colleges offer courses in teacher training, courses in technology and some professions connected with medicine. b) Higher Education in Great Britain Pupils going on to higher education or professional training usually take “A” level examinations in two or three subjects. Universities accept students mainly on the basis of their “A” level results, although they may interview them as well. In 1971 the Open University was started, where these formal qualifications are not necessary. Nearly a quarter of all adult part-time students follow its degree courses on radio and television. There are forty-seven universities in Britain and thirty former polytechnics (now also universities), plus 350 colleges and institutes of higher education (some of which train teachers). Undergraduate courses normally take three years of full-time study, although a number of subjects take longer, including medicine, architecture and foreign languages (where courses include a year abroad). They lead in most cases to a Bachelor’s degree in Arts or Science. There are various postgraduate degrees, including Master and Doctor of Philosophy. The last two are awarded for research in arts or sciences. Degrees are awarded either by the institution itself, or by the Council for National Academic Awards, particularly in vocational areas. Students of law, architecture and some other professions can take qualifications awarded by their own professional bodies instead of degrees. At present, students who have been accepted by universities or other institutions of higher education receive a grant from their local authority, which covers the cost of the course, and may cover living expenses. Parents with higher incomes are expected to make a contribution. Until 1990 the grant did not have to be paid back, but now a system of loans has been introduced. The most famous universities are Oxford and Cambridge, called “Oxbridge”. They are famous for their academic excellence. Notes:
C O N V E R S A T I O N Tula State University Vocabulary
e.g. The University trains highly qualified specialists in various branches of science.
e.g. One has to work hard at a foreign language to know it well.
Names of Faculties.
Names of Subjects
Text. Tula State University T  ula State University was founded in 1930. Since that time the number of faculties has increased from 4 to 13 and the enrolment of students from 240 to 2000. Now it is one of the largest education establishments in our country. Well - known scientists were on the staff at different times: mathematician V.I. Zhivago, chemist F.K. Yerke, Honoured Scientists of the RSFSR F.V. Sedikin and V.F. Bobrov, doctors of sciences D.I. Burtsev, L.N. Litvinov and others. Today the University Rector is academician E.M. Sokolov. The University has 13 faculties , including the faculty for those who work and study. The University is housed in 12 blocks, situated in Lenin Avenue, the main street of Tula. The student population is more than 12000: above 10 thousand students study at the day department and more than 2000 students - at the evening and correspondence departments. The University has a splendid scientific library for reference and research. It contains more than 1.000.000 books and has 8 reading-rooms and 5 sections. Graduates can get degrees in 34 specialities in machine-building, instrument-engineering, civil engineering, humanities, economics and medicine areas. Active research is being carried out at the University to find out and introduce new efficient teaching methods. The University has a number of scientific schools which have got recognition both in our country and abroad. Professors, Associate Professors and lecturers deliver lectures on various subjects. At the University there are 10 specialized academic councils on awarding doctor’s and candidate’s degrees. 15 doctor’s and 70 candidate’s theses are annually submitted. Today 120 postgraduates are taking postgraduate courses at the University. International relations of the University are expanding. Students from abroad have been trained at the University since 1962. They come from Poland, Bulgaria, Viet-Nam, China, India and other countries. University students and its staff have their own policlinic and sanatorium. A sports complex with play grounds and a gymnasium is available for students as well. 1. Study the words. Read the text 'Tula State University' and ask your fellow students: 1) when Tula State University was founded; 2) if the University is one of the largest education establishments in our country; 3) where the University is situated; 4) how many blocks the University is housed in; 5) how many faculties the University has; 6) what faculty he (she) studies at; 7) where the dean’s office of his (her) faculty is situated; 8) who is the dean of his (her) faculty; 9) what year student he (she) is; 10) when he (she) entered the University; 11) if he (she) lives in a hostel; 12) how long the training course at the University lasts. Name: a) the people who work and study at the University; b) the faculties of the University; c) the subjects studied at the University. 2. Give synonyms for the following word combinations: to be present at lectures; to leave school; to be a first year student; to be absent from lectures; correspondence department; to be housed; education institution. 3. Give antonyms for the following: to attend lectures; to pass an examination; to be good at a subject; to miss lectures; part-time students; final examinations; to enter the University; a fresher. 4. Say in English: учиться на втором курсе; быть высококвалифицированным специалистом; делать успехи по физике; читать лекции по математике; поступить в университет; хорошо успевать по иностранному языку; закончить университет; закончить школу; не выдержать экзамен; сделатьвсе возможное; сдать экзамен. 5. Make sure that you can translate the following sentences both ways: from English into Russian and from Russian into English.
6. Correct the statements. Use the following: Sorry, you are not right. I’m afraid, you are wrong. 1. Students who are in the first year submit graduation papers. 2. Our University is housed in one block. 3. The University has no professors on its staff. 4. The course of study at the University lasts 2 years. 5. Students do not study drawing at our University. 6. Students take exams twice a term. 7. The academic year is divided into 3 terms. 8. The department of foreign languages is situated in the main block. 7. Give the definitions. Example: a fresher A fresher is a first year student. A post-graduate, entrance exams, a full-time student, a part-time student, profound knowledge, final exams, a highly qualified specialist. 8. What do you do if (when) ... you are a student on duty? ... your classes are over? ... the academic year is over? ... the term is over? ... you pass your exams successfully? ... you fail in an examination? 9. Make up as many sentences as you can:
10. Speak about the faculty you study at. Why have you chosen this particular faculty ? 11. Advertise your university to a group of foreign students. Explain why you’ve become a student of this university. D I A L O G U E S a) Read the dialogues in pairs. I. A. Where do you study? B. I study at Tula State University. A. Do you like the University? B. Yes, I do. II. A. My brother is a third-year student. B. Does he study at Tula State University? A. Yes, he does. He studies at the Faculty of Economics. And what about you? B. I study at the Faculty of Cybernetics, I am a first-year student. III. A. What is your future speciality? B. My speciality is robotics. A. Where do industrial robots work? B. They work in dangerous environments, for example under extreme high or low temperatures. IV. A. When did you finish school? B. In 1998. A. And when did you enter the Institute? B. I entered the Institute a year later. V. A. Did you pass your winter exams successfully? B. Unfortunately, I didn’t. I failed in mathematics. Mathematics was always my week point. VI. A. Hullo, Peter. Glad to see you. B. Hullo, Bob. How did you spend your holidays? A. Thanks, very well. I went skiing almost every day. The weather was fine! b) Complete the following dialogues: I. A. Sorry, but where is the dean’s office of your faculty located? B. ... A. By the way, who is the dean of your faculty? B. ... II. A. ... B. I am a first year student. A. ... B. I try to do my best. III. A. Oh, I see you are a student. What faculty are you at? B. ... A. What foreign language do you study? B. ... c) Say in English: 1. Я учусь в Тульском Государственном Университете на факультете кибернетики. 2. Мой брат учится на механико-математическом факультете. 3. Мы изучаем физику, математику, черчение и другие предметы. 4. Я учу иностранный язык, т.к. хочу стать высококвалифицированным специалистом. 5. Наши занятия начинаются обычно в 8 часов. 6. Студенты нашего университета слушают лекции, проводят эксперименты в лабораториях, пишут курсовые работы. 7. Мы сдаем экзамены 2 раза в год. 8. В прошлом семестре я не сдал физику. Физика всегда была моим слабым местом. 9. На каком факультете учится твой друг ? 10. Мой брат не принимает активного участия в научно-исследовательской работе. 11. Моя сестра не любит иностранный язык. 12. Мой друг хочет освоить компьютер. J UST FOR FUNRead the following sayings and explain them: Knowledge is power. A man is never too old to learn. Where there is a will there is a way. Live and learn. How many English words do you know? (a game) Each player must take a large sheet of paper. Write the word “education” on it vertically.
Try to find words: nouns for the first column, verbs for the second column and other parts of speech for the third one. Mind, the words must begin with the letters that are in the word “education”. After all the players finish their work, let them read the words in turn. The winner is the player with most words. Read the jokes and retell them to your friend. Prof.: “Before we begin the examination are there any questions?” Stud.: “What’s the name of this course?” *** Math. teacher: “Now we find that X is equal to zero”. Stud.: “Gee ! All that work for nothing!” __________________ Gee! - восклицание удивления или недовольства *** At a college examination a professor said: “Does the question embarrass you?” “Not at all, sir,” replied the student, “not at all. It is the answer that bothers me.” __________________ embarrass, v - смущать, затруднять bother, v - тревожить, беспокоить *** “If the Dean doesn’t take back what he said to me this morning, I am going to leave college.” “What did he say?” “He told me to leave college.” *** The professor was delivering the final lecture of the term. He dwelt with much emphasis on the fact that each student should devote all the intervening time preparing for the final examinations. “The examination papers are now in the hands of the printer. Are there any questions to be asked?” Silence prevailed. Suddenly a voice from the rear inquired: “Who is the printer?” *** In one of college classes the professor was unable to stay for the class, so he placed a sign on the door which read as follows: “Professor Blank will be unable to meet his classes to-day.” Some college lad, seeing his chance to display his sense of humour after reading the notice, walked up and erased the “c” in the word “classes”. The professor noticing the laughter wheeled around, walked back, looked at the student, then at the sign with the “c” erased - calmly walked up and erased the “l” in “lasses”, looked at the flabbergasted student and proceeded on his way. ___________________ wheel around, v - повернуться, обернуться назад lass, n - девушка ass, n - осел flabbergasted, аdj - ошеломленный proceeded on one’s way - продолжать свой путь |