английский за проф направлением. Укладач Триполець В.І. Рецензенти
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5. Answer the following questions.
6. Correct the statements below.
VІІ. Speaking 1. Make questions for the answers. Then, in pairs, act out the dialogue. —? — In our country there is a wide network of higher medical institutions, which train pharmacists. — ? — To enter a pharmaceutical faculty students take written entrance examinations in chemistry, biology, and Ukrainian. — During the first two years pharmacy students study general subjects, such as botany, physiology, general chemistry, physics. —? — During the third, fourth, and fifth years they have classes in special sciences, like pharmacology, pharmacognosy, pharmaceutical chemistry. —? — After graduation all pharmaceutical students have a period of internship, which lasts for one year. —? — Today about eight thousand foreign students study medicine and pharmacy at higher medical establishments of Ukraine. —? — At higher medical institutions of Ukraine there is also postgraduate study as a form of training scientific and teaching specialists. —? — Postgraduate education is not compulsory. 2. Give as much information as you can on the following items:
39. Health care system in Ukraine, pharmaceutical education in Great Britain. Система охорони здоров’я та професійної фармацевтичної освіти в Великобританії. І. Learn the following words. available – доступний; unemployment – безробіття; tax – податок; contract - укладати договір; invoice - виписувати рахунок-факту; refer – направляти; temporary – тимчасовий; ancillary – допоміжний; contribution - внесок, сплата; employer - наймач, роботодавець; exemption - звільнення від податку; respect – поважати; issue - видавати, публікувати. 1. Match the terms with their definitions.
2. Translate the following sentences into Ukrainian. 1. A person trained and licensed to practice medicine is a physician or doctor; that one who treats the entire body is a general practitioner (GP). 2. Health insurance is a form of protection against the high costs of health care. 3. Payment of a premium guarantees medical coverage to the insured person. 4. To be designated as a teaching hospital, a hospital must have one or more graduate residency programs. 5. The National Health Service (NHS) is the shared name of three of the four publicly funded healthcare systems in the United Kingdom. Only the English NHS is officially called the National Health Service, the others being NHS Scotland or NHS Wales. 6. Each system operates independently, and is politically accountable to the relevant government: the Scottish Executive, Welsh Assembly Government, the Northern Ireland Executive, or the UK government (for the English NHS). 7. Despite their separate funding and administration, there is no discrimination when a resident of one country of the United Kingdom requires treatment in another, although patients will often be returned to their home area when they are fit to be moved. NATIONAL HEALTH SERVICE IN THE UK The National Health Service (NHS) is the collective name given io the four public health services of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Before the National Health Service was created in 1948, patie were generally required to pay for their health care. Free treatmi had been sometimes available from teaching hospitals and charity h pitals. In 1911 the National Insurance Act granted all workers of 16 years or over free medical coverage as well as unemployment benefits. In 1948 the system was extended to the entire population and a new service, the National Health Service was established. Today it is the world's largest publicly funded health service. It was set up on July 1948 to "provide health care for all citizens, based on need, not t ability to pay". It is funded by the taxpayer and managed by a govern ment department, the Department of Health, which sets overall poli on health issues. The core of service is the General Practitioners (GP or fa doctors) who are responsible for the care of patients registered with them. GPs are mostly private doctors that choose to contract with the NHS to provide services to patients. Patients are free to register with any GP of their choice in their locality. Patients in England of working age pay a fixed price (presently £ 7.30) for each drug prescribed regardless of the amount of drug prescribed or the cost to the pharmacy. The pharmacy invoices the cost of the drugs to the NHS. GPs can refer their patients to a hospital for more specialized services and for surgery. GP referrals are needed to see any hospital specialist-Most patients choose to be treated at NHS hospitals. The quality is comparable to private hospitals and the services obtained (medicine? surgeons and other care workers, and even meals) are free of charge to the patient, whereas at private hospitals they pay for these. Ambulance services, mental health, and ancillary services such as physical and occupational therapy, in-home and in-clinic nursing, and certain care for the sick elderly in nursing homes are financed from the NHS budget. The estimated cost of the English NHS in 2009 was £ 98.7 billion or about £ 165 per person per month. Funding for the NHS is met from tax and National Insurance contributions paid by all persons over the age of 18 and employers in the UK. Temporary residents such as tourists are only entitled to free emergency care. In England, patients under 16 years old (19 years if still in full-time education) or over 59 years will get the drug for free. There are also exemptions for people with certain medical conditions, and those on low incomes. Prescribed contraception is also issued free o: charge. The National Health Service Act 1946 came into effect on 5 July 1948. Since that time the NHS provides the majority of healthcare in England, including primary care, in-patient care, long-term healthcare, ophthalmology and dentistry. Private health care has continued parallel to the NHS, paid for largely by private insurance, but it is used by less than 8 % of the population, and generally as a top-up to NHS services. One of the main aims of the NHS is to respect the confidentiality of individual patients and provide open access to information about services. II. Language Development 1. Match the English word combinations with the Ukrainian ones and use them in sentences of your own.
2. Match the beginnings of sentences with their endings.
3. Complete the sentences by filling in the gaps with the correct words or expressions.
1.The lack of... for some treatments may lead to poor managemeni of the patient. 2. The ... used by the NHS are sometimes referred to by their staff as the "Big White Taxi Service". 3. The UK government has separated the roles of suppliers of... and assessors of the quality of medical services. 4. A ... is a hospital owned by a for-profit company or organization. 5. ... health care is care that is financed entirely or mostly by citizens' tax payment. 6. Publicly funded health systems suggest higher survival rates and ... of medical service. 7. When ... is primary means of financing health care, everybody is provided with needed aid. 8. In the UK everyone receives the same level of... regardless of their ability to pay. 9. The most important positive consequence of social health ... is abandoning the residual principle of health care financing. 10. Some studies have found that ... for-profit hospitals are more expensive and have higher death rates. 11. After completing medical schools young doctors must complete a two year foundation training program to ... with the General Medical Council. 12. NHS ... are met from UK government taxation, all taxpayers contribute to its funding. 13. The ... of the UK are provided free of charge care except charges applying to most adults for prescription. 14. The British Dental Association failed to improve ... to care for patients. 5.Complete the sentences by choosing the appropriate prepositions. Translate the completed sentences into Ukrainian. 1. Public health care varies significantly to/from country to/with country. 2. Health care system may be funded in/from general government revenues. 3. The proportion in/of the cost of care covered is different in different countries. 4. When taxation is the primary means in/of financing health care, everyone receives the same level at/of coverage. 5. Publicly funded health care systems are usually financed in/about one on/of two ways: through taxation or compulsory social health insurance. 6. Different approaches exist in/to the funding and provision about/of medical services. 7. Some systems do not provide universal healthcare, or restrict coverage on/to public health facilities. 8. According to/in a study about/of the World Health Organization, publicly funded systems of/at industrial nations spend less on/to health care. 9. The term bed-blockers is often used with/to patients still receiving care, even though their acute ailment has been treated and they are fit for/at discharge. 10. The spread of/by communicable diseases at/in hospitals is facilitated on/by overcrowding at/in NHS hospitals. | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||