английский за проф направлением. Укладач Триполець В.І. Рецензенти

• Название: Укладач Триполець В.І. Рецензенти
• Анкор: английский за проф направлением.doc
• Дата: 23.02.2018
• Размер: 4.04 Mb.
• Имя файла: английский за проф направлением.doc
• Тип: Документы; #15830
• страница: 35 из 48

particle

infections

disorders

contagious

the world

microscopes


6. Read the text and put each sentence into the correct place.

Some pathogens can survive for long periods on nonliving objects. Insects spread some of the most fatal infectious diseases. Many common infectious diseases spread as a result of close contact with a sick person.

HOW INFECTIOUS DISEASES SPREAD

Infectious diseases can spread in three chief ways. They spread (1) by people, (2) by animals, and (3) by nonliving sources.

1) Such contact frequently takes place through coughing or sneezing, which expels tiny droplets of moisture that may contain pathogens. Diseases that spread largely through coughing and sneezing include colds, influenza, measles, mumps, pneumonia, tuberculosis, and whooping cough.

2) Fleas, mosquitoes, and other insects that feed on blood transmit many serious diseases. Mosquitoes transmit encephalitis, malaria, and yellow fever in this way. In the same manner, fleas spread plague, and lice carry typhus.

3) These microorganisms can be transmitted by clothing, bedding, silverware, and other objects handled by sick people. Certain bacterial infections sometimes spread to hospital patients through contact with such contaminated objects.
IV. Speaking

1. Complete the dialogue with the words/phrases below and act it out.

kilos, food, in general, phlegm, energy, pains

Doctor: And how long have you had this temperature?

Patient: Oh, I don't know exactly. About two weeks on and off.

D.: And is the temperature there all the time or does it come on at any particular time?

P.: Well, sometimes I'm all right during the day but, I wake up at night and I'm drenched in sweat, drenched, and sometimes my whole body shakes.

D.: And how have you been feeling ?

P.: Well, I don't know, I've been feeling a bit tired and weak. And I just don't seem to have

any.

D.: And have you noticed any pain in your muscles?

P.: Yes, well, actually I have a bit, yes.

D.: And what about your weight? Have you lost any weight?

P.: Yes, I have, about two .

D.: I see, and what about your appetite? What's your appetite been like?

P.:Well, I've really been off my this last while. I just haven't felt like eating.

D.: And have you had a cough at all?

P.: Oh yes, I have. Nearly all the time. I sometimes bring up a lot of

D.: And have you noticed any blood in it?

P.: No, never.

D.: Have you had any in your chest?

P.:Not really.
2. Give as much information as you can about:

- bacterial diseases;

- viral diseases;

- AIDS;

- infectious diseases caused by fungi, protozoans and worms;

- the spread of infectious diseases.

42. Nutrition. Vitamins.

Харчування, вітаміни.
I.Learn the following words.

nutrition – харчування; nutrient – поживний; deal with - мати справу;

food – продукти;

fuel – пальне;

calcium - кальцій; chromium - хром; copper - мідь; iodine - йод; iron - залізо; magnesium - магній; phosphorus - фосфор; carbohydrate - вуглевод; glycogen – глікоген. 1. Match the definitions with the following words.

1.	A food made from milk	a.	fruit
2.	A creature which lives in water	b.	bread
3.	The white liquid which animals produce	с.	rice
4.	A sweet part of a plant	d.	milk
5.	A food made from flour	e.	cheese
6.	The object from which birds start their lives	f.	meat
7.	The parts of an animal's body used as food	g.	fish
8.	Birds like hens and ducks	h.	eggs
9.	Which is white when boiled for food	i.	poultry

NUTRITION

Nutrition is the science that deals with food and how the body uses it. Food supplies the energy for every action we perform. It also provides substance that the body needs to build and repair its tissues and to regulate its organs and systems.

A proper diet helps to prevent certain illnesses and aids in recovery from other. Eating a balanced diet is the best way to ensure that the body receives all the food substances it needs. The daily diet should include a certain number of servings from each of five food groups:

vegetables;

fruit;

breads, cereals, rice and pasta;

milk, yogurt and cheese;

meat, poultry, fish, dried beans and peas, eggs and nuts.

Food provides certain chemical substances needed for good health. The substances, called nutrients, perform one or more of three func­tions:

1. They provide materials for building, regaining or maintaining body tissues.

2. They help to regulate body processes.

3. They serve as fuel to provide energy.

There are six main groups of nutrients. Water is the most critical nutrient. One can live without other nutrients for several weeks, but we can go without water for only about one week. The body needs water to carry out all its life processes. Adults should consume about 2—2.5 litres of water a day. Carbohydrates include all sugars and starches. They serve as the main source of energy. The main sugar in food is sucrose, ordinary white or brown sugar. Fructose comes from most fruits and many vegetables. Lactose is found in milk. Foods con­taining starches include beans, breads, cereals, corn, pasta (macaroni). Fats are a highly concentrated source of energy and they are composed of an alcohol called glycerol and substances called fatty acids. Proteins provide energy and serve as one of the main building materials of the body. Muscle, skin, cartilage and hair are made up largely of proteins. Every cell contains proteins called enzymes, which speed up chemical reactions. Minerals are needed for the growth and maintenance of body structures. Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus are essential parts of the bones and teeth. There are trace elements which include chromium, cooper, fluorine, iodine, iron and zinc. Iron is an important haemoglobin. Vitamins should be supplied daily in the diet.
II. Language Development

1. Match the following English words with the Ukrainian ones.

1. ensure	а. горох
2. maintain	b. фермент
3. enzyme	с. овочі
4. vegetables	d. горіх
5. cereals	e. забезпечувати
6. nut	f. підтримувати
7. peas	g. хлібні злаки
8. acid	h. кислота

2. Match the sentence beginnings with their endings.

1. Nutrition is the science that	a. proteins, carbohydrates and lipids
2. A proper diet helps	b. is glucose.
3. The three biggest classes of organic compounds are	с. in cell structure and metabolism
4. A common simple sugar	d. in milk.
5. Fats are important	e. to prevent certain illness.
6. Water is the most	f. critical material.
7. Lactose is found	g. deals with food.

3. Fill in the gaps by changing the words in bold type on the right as і example

Digestive enzymes hydrolyze fats, proteins and carbohydrates digestion

for absorption.

1. Digestion is the conversion of food into ... substances in the gastrointestinal tract	absorb
2. The plasma proteins are ... in the liver.	synthesis
3. Excess carbohydrate is converted to fat for ... in the fat depots.	store
4. With oversecretion of parathormone the bones become ... and brittle.	pore
5. Undersecretion of parathormone causes low blood calcium levels resulting in muscular ....	rigid
6. Fats are a highly ... source of energy.	concentrate
7. The molecules of sucrose are ... in plants.	find

4. Match the words with their definitions.

1. starch	a. substance that is naturally present in the earth and in the human body, is essential for good health
2. enzyme	b. natural substance found in meat, eggs, fish; which we need in order to grow
3. glucose	с. person who studies the effects of food on the body
4. diet	d. primary product of photosynthesis present in every plant cell
5. junk food	e. white substance which is mixed with water
6. mineral	f. the food that you eat and drink regularly
7. protein	g. any of numerous complex proteins which catalyze spe­cific biochemical reactions
8. nutritionist	h. food that is quick to prepare, but is bad for your health

5. Complete the descriptions of vitamins, minerals, and oils with the words from the box.

teeth organs enzymes	nervous system	brain	eyes
skin immune system	blood	muscles	bones
cardiovascular system	cell

Vitamin Сis needed to help the ... repair itself when it is cut or damaged. It is found in fruit, especially citrus fruit like oranges and grapefruit.

Calcium is needed for children's ... and teeth to grow. It is found in foods like milk, cheese, and yogurt.

Iron helps your ... carry oxygen.

Zinc makes your ... stronger so that you can fight cold and infec­tions. It is found in shellfish, nuts, and seeds.

Protein builds up, maintains, and replaces the tissues in your body. Your ... , ... , and immune system are made up mostly of protein.

Carbohydrates are sugars which are broken down by ... then stored in the ... as a source of energy. Grain products such as rice, bread, and pasta are sources of carbohydrate.

Fats fuel the body and help absorb some vitamins. They are also the building blocks of hormones, and they insulate the nervous system tissue in the body. Unsaturated fats, found in oils and nuts, for example, are believed to protect the ... .
6. Answer the questions.

1. What does nutrition deal with?

2. What is food used?

3. How many food groups do you know?

4. What properties do nutrients posses?

5. What are proteins?

6. What proteins do you know?

7. What are carbohydrates?

8. What are fats?

9. What are the functions of fructose, lactose, minerals?

10. What are essential parts of the bones and teeth?


7. Say whether the following statements are true or false.

1. Fructose, the so-called fruit sugar, is present in fruits.

2. Muscle, skin, cartilages are made up largely of fats.

3. The most important carbohydrates are sugars, starches and celluloses.

4. Lactose is found in fruits and vegetables.

5. Starch is an important constituent of foods (potatoes, wheat).

6. Minerals are an important part of haemoglobin.

7. Plant and animal food contains proteins (meat, eggs, milk, cheese).

8. We can live without nutrients for only about one week.