английский за проф направлением. Укладач Триполець В.І. Рецензенти
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Medical College National Medical University English for Pharmacists Zaporizhya 2012 Медичний коледж Запорізького Медичного Університету Посібник практичних занять для відділення «Фармація» Запоріжжя 2012 Укладач: Триполець В.І. Рецензенти: Шапоренко Л.В., - викладач медичного колледжу Запорізького державного медичного університету, викладач – методист, голова ЦМК природничо - наукової та професійної підготовки. Нікітюк Г.Г. – викладач – методист української мови медичного коледжу Запорізького державного медичного університету. Маляренко А.М. – викладач-методист латинської мови медичного коледжу Запорізького державного медичного університету. Посібник рекомендовано для використання в навчальному процесі рішенням засідання ЦМК природничо-наукової та професійної підготовки (пр. №8 від 12.03.2012) Передмова Реальність сьогодення є розширення міжнародних зв’язків України та її інтеграція до світової спільноти. За таких умов підвищується мотивація студента - майбутнього фахівця - щодо вивчення іноземної мови як складової професійної підготовки, що підтверджує актуальність даного практичного посібника, який в повній мірі забезпечуватиме повну підготовку студента відповідно до європейських якісних характеристик. Практичний посібник має таку структуру: вступно - корективний курс (включає чотири розділи) та основний курс, або професійно-орієнтований ( включає сім розділів). Кожний розділ складається з практичних занять згідно учбово-тематичним планом курсу. У практичному посібнику представлено зразки діалогічного мовлення, напівконструйовані діалоги для самостійної роботи. Текстовий матеріал підібраний з оригінальних англійських та американських фармацевтичних журналів, періодичних видань, достатньо інформаційний і насичений необхідною термінологією. Метою дотекстових вправ є підготовка студентів до осмислення і ефективного розуміння тексту без допомоги словника. Система післятекстових вправ сприяє закріпленню вивчення лексичного та граматичного матеріалу за допомогою оригінальних мовленнєвих вправ. Виконання системи вправ сприяє більш глибокому осмисленню та різносторонньому розумінню прочитаного та розвиває уміння використовувати лексичний матеріал в діалогічному та монологічному мовленні. Це дає можливість майбутньому спеціалістові максимально ефективно застосовувати знання іноземної мови на практиці. Посібник ставить за мету забезпечити професійну спрямованість у навчанні студентів-фармацевтів англійської мови, підготувати їх до іншомовної комунікації, читання, анотування та реферування спеціальної оригінальної наукової літератури. РОЗДІЛ 1. Перехідно-підготовчий етап. I тема: Іноземна мова – мова ділового спілкування. I тема: Іноземна мова – мова ділового спілкування. 1. Elements of conversation Мовленевий етикет
How do you do - Здрастуйте. e.g. How do you do is a kind of greetings and not a question. Good morning - Доброго ранку. e.g. We say "Good morning" up till 12 o'clock. Good afternoon - Доброго дня. e.g. We say "Good afternoon" after 12 o'clock. Good evening - Добрий вечір. Hello - Привіт, алло. Hi - Привіт. How are you? - Як здоров'я? fine - добре. e.g. I am fine. Good bye - До побачення. Good night - На добраніч. See you later - До зустрічі. Thank you - Дякую. e.g. Thank you for your help, glad - радий e.g. I am glad to see you. introduce - представляти e.g. Let me introduce my husband to you.
1. Learn the following phrases: N  ot at all. It's all right. Нема за що. Don't mention it. You're welcome Будь ласка. It's very kind of you. Дуже люб'язно з вашого боку 2. Make up sentences:  my friend Let me introduce my husband to you. my wife I   amwe are they grateful to you. he is obliged she  Give the regards to Remember me to your mother! Say "Hello" to  Pleased to make your acquaintance. Happy 3. Fill in the blanks with the necessary words in brackets: 1. I'm very much .. to you. (glad, delighted, obliged) 2. Let me ... my brother to you. (see, appreciate, introduce) 3. Please give your wife my ... for the present, (greetings, welcome, thanks) 4. You are very .. . (thankful, kind, indebted) 5. We say ... in the evening. (Good morning, Good evening, Good afternoon) 4. Complete the following sentences: 1.Thank you for ... . 2. Why is it advisable to ... ? 3. It's such a great pleasure to ... . 4. How's your sister ... . 5. Give your mother my .... . 5. Translate into English: 1.Як поживають ваші батьки? 2. Передайте їм вітання. 3. Із задоволенням. 4. Дякую, непогано. 5. Привіт, скоро побачимось. 6. Give synonyms to the words in bold type: 1. I always say "Hello" when speaking on the phone. 2. I am grateful to you. 3. See you soon. 4. It's very sweet of you. 5. I am glad to meet your friend. III. Read and translate the text. INTRODUCING PEOPLE There are some main rules of introduction which are useful to remember: men are introduced to women, young people to older ones, old friends to newcomers, and young girls to married. Usually women are not presented to a man unless he is the Head of State or a member of the Royal family. When introducing one says something like: "Mrs. Johnson, may I introduce Mr. Blake?" and then turning to Mrs. Johnson simply says "Mrs. Johnson". That is all that's necessary, but one can say a bit of information which will help the introduced people to start the conversation. The usual response to the introduction is "How do you do?" which is a kind of greetings and not a question, and the best answer to it is "How do you do?". Sometimes one may say less formally "I am glad to meet you", "Happy to have met you" or just "Hello". It is very good to add the name of the person introduced — "I am very glad to meet you, Mr. Sparks". If you do not remember the name it is enough simply to ask "What was your name, please?" or "Could you repeat your name?" Men may stand when introduced, ladies may remain seated. British and American people usually shake hands especially when formally introduced but they do not always shake hands with people they see often. When an Englishman passes a friend in the street he only touches his hat. Usually they smile and say: "Good morning", "Good afternoon", "Good evening", "Hello", or "Hi". When two businessmen meet, they usually shake hands. IV. Language development. W  hat is rules of information?are the simpliest way of introduction? the usual response to introduction? Expected as an answer to “How do you do?” V. Speaking Communicative situations You run into an old friend and have a talk with him (her) about common friends. You introduce your new boy-friend to you sister. You meet your pen-friend you have never seen; you introduce yourself. Complete the following dialogues: Hello, how are you? ... and what about you? ... and how's your sister? ... could you give my regards to your husband? ... Thank you in advance. ... Bye-bye. A: Good afternoon. В: ... Let me introduce my friend to you. A: ... It's very kind of you. В: ... You are welcome. 2. The role of the English language Роль іноземної мови вжитті сучасної людини I. Active vocabulary. language – мова. e.g. My native language is Ukrainian. study – вивчати. e.g. We study English at school. vocabulary – лексика. e.g. No dictionary could list the total vocabulary of a language. read – читати. e.g. Can you read this text? write – писати. e.g. Can you write these words? peculiarity – особливість. e.g. Every language has its own peculiarities. accent - акцент, вимова. e.g. He speaks French with a foreign accent. scientific – науковий. e.g. They use scientific approach in their research. knowledge – знання. e.g. My knowledge of German is poor. interpret - перекладати (усно). e.g. Can you interpret Mr. Brown's words? translate - перекладати (письмово). e.g. I have already translated this text. word - слово. e.g. How many English words do you know? meaning - значення. e.g. What is the meaning of this word? 1. Learn the following phrases: (to) have a good command of... добре володіти (to) try to do one's best намагатися робити все можливе (to) be of great importance мати важливе значення as quick as possible якомога швидше (to) learn by heart вчити напам’ять mother tongue рідна мова I beg your pardon ... Вибачте… I do not understand you. Я Вас не розумію. Say it again, please. Скажіть це ще раз, будь ласка. Please, speak slowly. Говоріть, будь ласка, повільно. What does this word mean? Що означає це слово? II. Lead in. Work with vocabulary 1. Make up sentences: E  nglish a foreign language to me.is spoken in my many countries. a truly internation language. my favourite subject. the mother tongue of nearly three hundred million people. 2. Fill in the blanks with the necessary words in brackets: 1. Please ... the last word, (say, understand, repeat) 2. I can read English but I cannot ... it. (say, tell, speak) 3. I know grammar well, but my ... is poor, (language, pronunciation, meaning) 3. Make up questions and let your fellow-students answer them: study a foreign language?Do you speak English? have English lessons every day? A  re your lessons interesting?you sometimes tired after lessons? Why do you study foreign languages? can’t you speak English well? do you learn grammar? 4. Complete the following sentences: 1. Is there anybody who speaks ... ? 2. What is the ... for ...? 3. The ... for ... is ... . 4. If you want to speak well you .... 5. The word combination "mother tongue" means .... 6. English is spoken in ... . 5. Translate into English: 1.Англійська мова — мій улюблений предмет. 2. Багато людей розмовляють англійською мовою. 3. Англійською мовою розмовляють у Великобританії, США, Канаді. 4. Чи ви розмовляєте англійською мовою? 5. Англійська мова є міжнародною. 6. Багато англійських слів мають кілька значень. 6. Give synonyms to the words in bold type: 1.What English-speaking countries do you know? 2. What is his mother tongue? 3. To know a foreign language is very important nowadays. 4. He knows French very well. 5. Can you translate this sentence? III. Read and translate the text. I STUDY ENGLISH English is an international means of communication. It is studied as a foreign language at secondary and higher schools of our country. As for me I like English very much. I studied English at school and I'm studying it now. I study it every day because I want to have a good command of the language. I am sure if I work at it systematically as I do now I will know the language very well. I try to do my best to master English as quickly as possible. I study pronunciation, vocabulary and grammar. I try to speak English with my teachers and with my friends. I read much and do many language exercises. I have many English books. I know that foreign languages are of great importance in our modern life. ENGLISH AS A MEANS OF INTERNATIONAL COMMUNICATION English is the national language in such countries as Britain, the United States of America, Canada, Australia and New Zealand. It is the mother tongue of nearly three hundred million people. Many people speak English in Japan, China, India and African countries. But many more use it as an international means of communication, because English has become a truly international language. Science, trade, sport and international relations of various kinds have given the English language the status of one of the world's most important languages. Many scientific and technical journals are written in English although they are not necessarily published in England or other English-speaking countries. At numerous international meetings and conferences, English is the main language. The Olympic Games and other multinational sports events cannot do without it. The role English plays today is the result of historical processes. The English language, in the course of its historical development, has met with so many influences from abroad that its lexical and grammatical structure has come to reflect in many ways its international use. English is a language which is indeed able to cope with the most diverse tasks of international communication. IV. Language development. 1. Read and dramatize the following dialogues: A: I am studying English now. В: Are you really? They say it's very difficult. A: I don't think English is easy. B: Why do you think so? A: Because I have to work hard learning a lot by heart. A: I am going to be an engineer. B: Why? A: For a number of reasons. B: What reasons? A: The main one is I like engineering . *** A: What do you think the best sort of job is? B: To be a designer. A: As for me I like engineering. B: To my mind, the best one is the job you like the most. 2. Complete the following dialogues: A: Hello. My name is Nick. B\ ... A\ Are you an engineer? B: ... A: What's your job? B: ... A: Do you speak English? B: ... V. Speaking Communicative situations 1. Give a piece of advice on how to learn English 2. Advertise the language you are studying nom. Why do you study it? 3. Speak now: а) the importance of English language; б) how to use a dictionary. 3. Peculiarities of professional texts. Особливості перекладу професійно-орієнтовних іншомовних джерел. I. Active Vocabulary. unprecedented – безпрецедентний; incapacitation - втрата працездатності; appreciable – істотний, відчутний, помітний; fitness - стан здоров'я, придатність; boil – опік; wound – рана; liable – відповідальний, схильний, підвладний; to bind - зв'язувати; vial - пробірка, ампула. II. Read and translate the text. ANTIBIOTICS Antibiotics probably represent the greatest single contribution of drug therapy in the past half-century, a period characterized by unprecedented advancements in health care. This group of drugs provides effective control of many human microbial pathogens that previously caused prolonged incapacitation or death without appreciable regard for age, economic status, or physical fitness. The word "antibiotic" is derived from the term antibiosis, which literally means "against life" (anti — against, bios — life). The most widely accepted concept defines an antibiotic as a chemical substance produced by a microorganism that has the capacity, in low concentration, to inhibit selectively or even to destroy bacteria and other microorganisms through an antimetabolic mechanism. Essentially all definitions limit antibiotics to biologic constituents that exert their action in low concentrations. This definition excludes microbial metabolites, such as ethanol, that are active against protoplasmic functions at higher concentrations. The history and development of antibiotic agents are similar to the patterns noted for other types of drugs. Relatively ineffective attempts to use materials that are now recognized as having antibiotic association can be detected in folk medicine and in prepenicilline scientific literature. The study of antibiotics began in 1929, when A. Fleming proved that the filtrate of a broth culture of the fungus Penicillium notation has antibacterial properties in relation to gram-positive micro-organisms. In 1940 E. Chain and H. Florey obtained a relatively stable preparation of penicillin. Development in the antibiotic field since 1940 is characterized by a practical blending of empiric observation and increasingly sophisticated manipulations of biologic and chemical factors. This familiar pattern is frequently overlooked because an aura of the 20-th century miracle drugs has surrounded the antibiotics. Reports, some dating back 2500 years, indicate that various ancient and primitive peoples applied moldy bread, soybean curds, and other materials to boils and wounds liable to infection; this can be considered a folk medicine type of antibiotic therapy. Pasteur demonstrated bacterial antagonism shortly after he established the bacterial etiology of infectious disease. Initially, antibiotic therapy was commonly employed in a wide range of microbial infections with only limited logic or design. The commercialy available and therapeutically useful antibiotics can be classified on the basis of the biosynthetic origin of the antibiotic molecules. Antibiotics derived from amino acids include the penicillins, the cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, cycloserine, dactinomycine, and the polypeptide antibiotics (e.g.— bacitracin, polymyxin). Antibiotics derived from acetate metabolism include tetracyclines (a group of actinomycete antibiotics that have a broad spectrum and considerable therapeutic utility), macrolide antibiotics, polyenes, etc. According to the character of action aafffiiotics are subdivided into bacteriostatic (tetracyclines, chloramphenicol and others) and bactericidal (penici I line, ristomycin, etc). The mechanism of action of antibiotics varies. For example, penicilline inhibits the synthesis of polymers of the bacterial cell wall and streptomycin inhibits the incorporation of some amino acids in protein synthesis. Chloramphenicol is a specific inhibitor of the biosynthesis of bacterial protein. Tetracyclines, lincomycin, erythromycin, kanamycin, neomycin, spectinomycin, sparsomycin and others belong to the group of antibiotics which inhibit protein biosynthesis in bacteria at the ribosome level. So there are various hypotheses and theories which have not entirely revealed the mechanism of action, and this question has not been completely solved. III.Answer the questions. 1. How can you define antibiotics? 2. What do antibiotics provide? 3. What do all definitions limit antibiotics to? 4. What do you know about the history and development of antibiotics? 5. When did the study of antibiotics begin? 6. What is development in the antibiotic field since 1940 characterized by? 7. What can be considered a folk medicine type of antibiotic therapy? 8. Where was antibiotic therapy commonly employed initially? 9. How can commercially available and therapeutically useful antibiotics be classified? 10. What do antibiotics derived from amino acid? include? 11. What are tetracyclines, macrolide antibiotics and polyenes derived from? 12. What two groups are antibiotics subdivided into according to the character of action? Give examples of each group. 13. What do you know about the mechanism of action of antibiotics? IV. Доповніть речення інформацією з тексту
V. Vocabulary. to adjust– пристосовувати; toground – подрібнювати; even – рівний, однаковий; todamp – змочувати, зволожувати; totransfer – перемішати, переносити; todrip – капати, крапати; tomacerate – вимочувати (лікарську сировину); toconform – узгоджувати, погоджувати; відповідати; toagitate – перемішувати; tocomminute – дробити, тонко здрібнити. VI. Read and translate the text. TINCTURES Tinctures are alcoholic or hydroalcoholic solutions'prepared fiom vegetable materials or from chemical substances. The portion of drug represented in the different chemical tinctures is not uniform but varies according to the estab- lished standards for each. Traditionally, tinctures of potent vegetable drugs essentially represent the activity of 10 g of the drug in each 100-ml of tincture, the potency being adjusted by the following assay. Most other vegetable tinctures represent 20 g of the respective vegetable material in each 100 ml of tincture. The general processes to be employed for manufacture of tinctures, unless otherwise directed in the individual monographs, are as follows: Process P — Carefully mix the ground drug or mixture of drugs with a sufficient quantity of the prescribed solvent or solvent mixture to render it evenly and distinctly damp, allow it to stand for 15 min, transfer it to a suitable percolator, and pack the drug firmly. Pour on enough of the prescribed solvent or solvent mixture to saturate the drug, cover the top of the percolator and, when the liquid is about to drip from the percolator, close the lower orifice, and allow the drug to macerate for 24 hours or for the time specified in the monograph. If no assay is directed, allow the percolation to proceed slowly, or at the specified rate, gradually adding sufficient solvent or solvent mixture to produce 1000 ml of tincture, and mix. If an assay is directed, collect only 950 ml of percolate, mix this, and assay a portion of it as directed. Dilute the reminder with such quantity of the prescribed solvent or solvent mixture to produce a tincture that conforms to the prescribed standard, and mix. Process M — Macerate the drug with 750 ml of the prescribed solvent or solvent mixture in a container that can be closed, and put in a warm place. Agitate it frequently during 3 days or until the soluble matter is dissolved. Transfer the mixture to a filter, and when most of the liquid has drained away, wash the residue on the filter with a sufficient quantity of the prescribed solvent or solvent mixture, combining filtrates, to produce 1000 ml of tincture, and mix. Tinctures require storage in tight, light-resistant containers, away from direct sunlight and excessive heat. VII. Answer the questions. 1. What are tinctures? 2. What is the traditional potency of tinctures from vegetable drugs? 3. Is the portion of drug in different chemical tinctures uniform? 4. Can you name the processes for manufacture of tinctures? 5. Where should be tinctures stored? VIII. Vocabulary. vehicle – наповнювач; to incorporate – змішувати, включати в склад; occlusive – герметичний; dressing – пов’язка; emollient – зм’якшуюча речовина; discharge – виділення; Mandatory – обов’язків; tamper-proof – захищений від невправного поводження. IX. Read and translate the text. OINTMENTS Ointments are semisolid preparations intended for external application to the skin or mucous membranes. Ointment bases recognized for use as vehicles fall into four general classes: the hydrocarbon bases, the absorption bases the water-removable bases, and the water-soluble bases. Each therapeutic ointment possesses as its base a representative of one of these four general classes. Hydrocarbon Bases— These bases, which are known also as "oleaginous ointment bases", are represented by White Petrolatum and White Ointment. Only small amounts of an aqueous component can be incorporated into them. They serve to keep medicaments in prolonged contact with the skin and act as occlusive dressings. Hydrocarbon bases are used chiefly for their emollient effects, and are difficult to wash off. They do not "dry out" or change noticeably on aging. Absorption Bases— This class of bases may be divided into two groups, the first group consisting of bases that permit the incorporation of aqueous solutions with the formation of a water-in-oil emulsion (Anhydrous Lanolin) and the second group consisting of water-in-oil emulsions that permit the incorporation of additional quantities of aqueous solutions (Lanolin). Some medications are absorbed better from these bases than from the hydrocarbon bases'. Absorption bases are useful also as emollients. Water-removable Bases— Such bases are oil-in water emulsions (Hydrophilic Ointment), and frequently are called "creams". They are discribed also as "water-washable", since they may be readily washed from the skin or closing with water, an attribute that makes them more acceptable for cosmetic reason. Other advantages of the water-removal bases are that they may be diluted with water and that they favor the absorption of serious discharges in dermatological conditions. Water-soluble Bases— This group of so-called "grease- less ointment bases" is comprised of water-soluble constituents. Polyethylene Glycol Ointment is the only Pharmacopeial preparation in this group. The formula of this ointment is modified by the inclusion of stearil alcohol where water, or a water solution, is to be prepared in order to minimize the resultant softening effect. These bases may in some instances be irritating to inflamed tissue. Choice of Base — The choice of ointment base depends upon many factors, such as the action desired, the nature of the medicament to be incorporated and its bioavailability and stability, and the requisite shelf-life of the finished product. In some cases, it is necessary to use a base that is less than ideal in order to achieve the stability required. For example, drugs that hydrolyze rapidly are more stable in hydrocarbon bases than in bases containing water, even though they may be more effective in the latter. X. Answer the questions. 1. What are ointments? 2. What are the main general classes of ointment bases? 3. What do hydrocarbon bases serve to? 4. Why are hydrocarbon bases chiefly used? 5. What groups of absorption bases can you name? 6. Where are absorption bases used? 7. What is the only Pharmacopeial preparation in the group of water-soluble bases? 8. What does the choice of ointment base depend upon? II тема: Особиста інформація. II тема: Особиста інформація. 4. Personal information. Biography of the student. Особиста інформація. Біографія студента. I. Active Vocabulary. name – ім'я; family name / surname – прізвище; patronymic - по батькові; full name – повне ім'я; children – діти; profession – професія; occupation – праця, робота; engineer – інженер; technician – технік; clerk – службовець; driver – шофер; shop-assistant – продавець; book-keeper – рахівник; accountant – бухгалтер; cashier – кассир; housewife – домогосподарка; turner – токар; doctor – лікар; worker – робітник; teacher – вчитель; student – студент; postgraduate – аспірант; laboratory-assistant – лаборант; plant – завод; office – контора, заклад; hospital – лікарня; comprehensive secondary school – загальноосвітня середня школа; specialized school – училище; technical school – технікум; institute – інститут; University – університет; married – одружений(а); single – неодружений(а); divorced – розлучений(а); an orphan – сирота. II. Read and translate the text. ABOUT MY FAMILY AND MYSELF First of all let me introduce myself. My name is Victor Popovych. I am nineteen years old. I study at the Cherkassy Engineering and Technological Institute. I am in my second year. My family lives in Cherkassy in one of the residential areas. My parents have two more kids besides me. Thurs I have got an elder brother Alexander and a younger sister Olga. My sister is schoolgirl. She is fourteen. My brother is five years my senior. So he is twenty-four already. He is a designer by profession. He is married. His wife is a telephone-operator. They are four in the family. He has two children – a son and daughter. They are twins. They are lovely little kids with golden hair and dark blue eyes. My parents are not old at all. Daddy is forty-seven and my Mum is three years his junior. My grandparents are already pensioners, but they are still full of life and energy. I have many relatives – aunts, uncles, cousins. My father is an architect and my mother is a hairdresser. They like their work very much. I am fond of reading books on history and science fiction. I go in for sports. I like playing football, basketball and chess. Especially I’m good at chess. In four years I shall graduate from the Institute. To be a good specialist it is necessary to study many general and special subjects. My future speciality is electronic computers. In our age of rapid scientific progress and scientific discoveries electronic computing is becoming a branch of economy. It serves as the foundation of economic and engineering progress. Research is impossible without computers. III. Make up sentences:
IV. Answer the following questions: 1. Is your family big or small? 2. How many people are there in your family? 3. Who are they? 4. How old are you sister and brothers? 5. How old are you? 6. How old your father and your mother? 7. What does your mother do? 8. How many children have your aunt and uncle? 9. Is your mother beautiful? 10. What is your mother’s name? 11. What is your profession? 12. Have you got many relatives? V. First match the words and appropriate questions. Then practice the conversation substituting these words and questions according tothemodel. Answer with personal information:
M o d e l: - What’s your address? - I’m sorry, I don’t understand. - Where do you live? - Oh, I see. 1415 Concorde Avenue, Apartment 20. VI. Translate into English:
VII. Fill out the form: Personal Information Sheet Date Name Permanent Address Tel. N: Home: Business U.S. Citizen: yes no If no, nationality Date of birth (month) (day) (year) Place of birth Occupation Place of Employment Sex: M F Marital Status: Married Single 5. My native city (village). Моє рідне місто (село). I. Active Vocabulary. street – вулиця; road – дорога, шлях; бруківка; square – площа, майдан; (to)walk – прогулюватись, іти пішки; (to)drive – вести, керувати; tram – трамвай; bus – автобус; trolley-bus – троллейбус; taxi – таксі; motor-car – легковий автомобіль; motor-cycle – мотоцикл; motor-scooter – мотороллер; bicycles – велосипед; vehicles – транспортні засоби; traffic – рух, транспорт; traffic-light – світлофор; bus stop/trolley-bus stop – зупинка автобуса/троллейбуса; passenger – пассажир; fare – плата за поїзд; crossroad – перехрестя; subway – підземний перехід, метро; pedestrian – пішохід; train – поїзд; plane – літак; boat – човен; helicopter – гелікоптер; corner – куток, ріг; route – маршрут; seat – місце; taxi-rank/taxi-stop – зупинка таксі; terminus – кінцева зупинка; way – дорога, шлях; passer-by – перехожий; stranger – незнайомець, приїжджий; double-decker – двоповерховий автобус; turning – поворот. II. Read and translate the text. ZAPORIZHZIA Zaporizhzhia is a regional city and river port on the Dnieper. The population of the city is over 900,000. Zaporizhzhia came into being in 1770 when a fortress was build here during the Russo-Turkish war of 1768-1774. The fortress was named Oleksandrivs'ka after the commander of the First Russian army Oleksandr Golitsyn (1718-1783). In 1906-1921 the city had the name of Oleksandrivs'k. In 1921 the city was renamed Zaporizhzhia because of its location beneath the Dnieper rapids. Zaporizhzhia is one of the largest industrial centers of Ukraine. The ferrous and non-ferrous metal industries are leading industries of the city. Zaporizhzhia is a cultural and educational center. The city boasts of its University and Institutions, numerous scientific establishments, three theatres the Philharmonic Society, two museums and the Historical and Cultural Khortytsia Reserve. The monuments of architecture include the remains of fortifications on the Khortytsia island, the Dnipro Hydroelectric Power Station (1927-1932), the Drama Theatre (1944-1953). Zaporizhzhia is the capital of Zaporizhzhian Region established on January 10,1939. Berdians'k (in 1939-1958 Osypenko) is a district town, health resort and a port on the Sea of Azov. It was founded in 1827 as Kotur-ogly, then Novo-Nogais'k. The name comes from the Berda River. Berda means ΄rock΄. Berdians'k is an industrial city. It boast of the Teachers Training institute and two museums. Chernihivka is a district town. It was Founded in 1783 by the settlers from Chernihiv. Guliaipole is a district town on the Haichur River. It was founded in 1785 by the serfs and rebelled Haidamaks from the Right Bank Ukraine as a free military village. It was named by the first settlers from Guliaipole. Guliaipole is hometown of Nestor I. Makhno (1884-1934). He was buried in Paris near the Communards and on his grave it is written: ˝Russian Communard Machno˝. Melitopol is a regional town on the Molochna River. It was founded in 1784 on the site of the village of Novooleksandrivka, former winter camp of the Zaporizhzhian Cossacks. The town was named Melitopol (Honey Town by the Greek settler because of the sweet fruits grown here. Orikhiv is a district town on the Konka River. It was founded in 1783 on the site of the Tatar settlement Seven Tatar Mosques. There was a winter camp of Zaporizhzhian Cossacks. Since 1796 it was a settlement Orikhova Balka. It was named after a hazel grove or by the settlers from the village of Orikhivka of Poltava Region. Tokmak is a town on the Molochna River. It was founded in 1784 by the settlers fron Poltava region. The town got its name from the Tokmak River. Tokmak in Tatar means 'well fed'. The town probably was named after the juicy grass in the river valley. III. Answer the questions. 1. When was Zaporizhzhia founded? 2. What are the leading industries of Zaporizhzhia? 3. When was the Dnipro Hydroelectric Power Station built? 4. Who founded the town of Guliaipole? 5. What town was founded on the site of the winter camp Zaporizhzhian Cossacks? IV. Translate into English: 1. Вибачте, будь ласка, де мені пересісти на автобус №49? 2. Ти взяв квиток? 3. Цей автобус довезе вас прямо до музею. 4. Я їду до станції метро "Дарниця". 5. Ми виходимо на наступній зупинці. 6. Автобус був переповнений і ми не змогли ввійти. 7. Подивишся, чи у тебе є дрібні гроші. 8. Ви виходите на наступній зупинці? 9. Якщо ви поїдете туди на метро, то будете на місці за 5 хвилин. V. Answer the following questions: 1. Do you often take a bus/ trolley-bus, taxi/ the metro/ tram? 2. How do you go to your plant/ office/ institute? 3. Is there much traffic in your town? 4. How can you get from your home to the nearest railway station? 5. How long does it take you to get there? 6. What are the things the pedestrians must remember to be safe and sound? 7. In what countries does one keep to the left when driving? VI. Complete the following dialogues: A: Pardon me, where is the taxi stand? B: … A: Oh, yes. Thank you. B: … *** A: Excuse me, is this Brest-Lytovsky Prospect? B: … A: Thank you. B: … *** A: … B: No, take the street on the left, go straight and the theatre is in front of you across the river. A: … B: You're welcome. VII. In what situations would you say the following? 1. I think your best way from here is … . 2. Are you going my way? 3. Excuse me, sir, how do I get to … ? 4. You can't miss it. 5. There is no bus in sight. 6. You get off at the next stop but one. 7. Straight down this way and then cross the street. 6. Writing resume Написання резюме I. Active Vocabulary accomplished – выполнял; administered – управлял; applied – применял; arranged – организовывал; audited - проверял отчетность; contracted – заключал; controlled – руководил; counseled – консультировал; delivered – доставлял; distributed – распространял; elaborаted – детально разрабатывал; estimated – предварительно оценивал; evaluated – давал оценку качества; examined – проверял; expanded – развивал; filed – вел картотеку; handled – руководил; обрабатывал; implemented – внедрял; instructed – применял; maintained – обслуживал; managed – управлял; monitored – контролировал; operated – работал; performed – выполнял; provided – обеспечивал; recruited – принимал на роботу; repaired – ремонтировал; supervised – руководил. Examples: Supervised five subordinates. Arranged summer schools for teachers. Managed performance of three projects. Seeks entry-level/full-time/part-time position – Ищу работу без стажа/с полной/частичной занятостью; Looking for a responsible and challenging management/sales position – Ищу ответственную и перспективную работу в сфере управления/сбыта; Awarded … degree in … – Присвоена степень … в области…; Earned high average grade – Заработал высокий средний балл; Completed business courses in… – Окончил курсы по бизнесу в…; Finished secondary school with honors – Окончил среднюю школу с отличием; Took |