английский за проф направлением. Укладач Триполець В.І. Рецензенти
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3. Proverb-game. Choose the right word to complete the proverbs.
1. A good beginning makes a good________. 2. First think, then_______. 3. Where there is a will there is_______. 4. As you make your____________ , so you must lie on it. 5. Talk of the devil and he will_________. 4. Agree or disagree with the following proverbs. 1. "Fortune favours the brave". A brave man will never run away from danger. What helps him to be brave? 2. "Everything comes to him who waits". It's a good thing to be able to wait for something but it's better to be active and do everything possible to get what you wish. Passive waiting is not fo young people. What have you got or done by yourself without waiting for other people to help you. 5. Making a Health Plan.
Why do we become ill? чому ми хворіємо? In general human beings are healthier that ever before. We are taller, stronger and have a better diet than in the past. We live longer, too. But that's only one side of the story. Modern life isn't all good for us. In fact some of it can be very unhealthy indeed. Pollution - Human beings have two environments. One is the outside world and the other is their own bodies. Pollution is bad for both. Acid rain - the hole in the ozone layer - traffic in big cities - chemicals in rivers and seas... they can all make us seriously ill. Drugs - Many people pollute themselves. Some do it with legal drugs like alcohol and tobacco. Others do it with illegal drugs like cocaine and heroin. Drugs kill thousands every year. But that's not all. They make millions seriously ill. Disease — Why do we get diseases? Well - there are three main reasons. We catch them from other people... (for example AIDS) Our own bodies develop them... (for example cancer) We inherit them from our parents and grandparents... (for example, some kinds of heart disease) …. - For many people, bad health begins with a bad …. Some eat the wrong king of food. Others eat too much or too little. It's not surprising thaj people like this often become ill. After all, the human body is a machine - it needs the right kind of fuel to work property. ….. - Modern life is full of pressure and problems. Some people can control these. They sleep well, enjoy life and don't worry very much. Others are the opposite. They sleep badly, don't enjoy life and worry all the time. People like this are suffering from stress. Stress is a kind of illness itself and it can lead to many others. ….. - Homes, offices and factories are much safer today than 50 or 100 years ago. Even so, thousands of accidents still happen at home and at work every day. As a result, some people die and many more become seriously ill. …….- Exercise is very important for becomes good health. Without it the body becomes slow and fat. It also becomes weak and less able to fight illness. Unfortunately modern life makes it very easy to be lazy. ……..have their beginnings in the emotions and are manifested largely through the autonomic nervous system: duodenal ulcer in some people seems to be a reaction to fear accompanied by an oversecretion of acid gastric juice ……..is one produced artificially. Thus, convulsions may be due to hypoglycemia produced when an emotionally disturbed patient surreptitiously gives himself an injection of insulin. …….is one arising from the works or actions of a physician or surgeon (as a bad effect of surgery, or skin cancer following therapeutic use of X- ray or an obsession that heart disease is present, as a result of certain misunderstood statements of the physician). There are a number of diseases that overlap several of these categories and still others in which the true nature of the disease is almost completely unknown, as hypertension. I. Put the word to the correct paragraph: Stress Pollution Iatrogenic disease Factitious disease Psychosomatic disease Diet Accidents Drugs Too little exercise II. Read and say what disease it is. l. One major form of cardiovascular disease is.... It is a medical term for clotted arteries. Over a period of time, an artery may be narrowed because of a buildup of fatty deposits called plaque. Plaque causes the once-smooth lining of an artery to become thick and rough. The opening to the artery narrows and its elasticity is reduced. The artery cannot expand and contract as it should. As a result, blood flow is affected. The heart must pump harder to force blood through the artery. Thus, blood pressure is increased. If too much plaque builds up in a blood vessel, it forms a thrombus, or a clot, that shuts off the flow of blood. 2. 1t is a chronic high blood pressure. It affects more than one in five adults in the world. What is most alarming about it is that over 25 percent of its victims are unaware of their problem. They do not know they need treatment that would relieve the condition. It creates several conditions that can severely damage the cardiovascular system. It can cause the heart to work harder to pump blood, thus weakening it. It can cause a speedier buildup of plaque on the walls of arteries. This increases the chances of clot formation. It may cause pressure severe enough to burst an artery wall. In many cases, the causes of this disease are not known. 3. This disease, especially when due to thrombosis, is sometimes preceded by a history of angina pectoris or primary hypertension. Many patients, however, have had no previous cardiovascular com plaints. It is sometimes completely or relatively asymptomatic. The most characteristic complaint is severe substernal oppression, often described as squeezing, pressing or constricting. Dyspnea is a common accompaniment; the patient complains that the crushing pressure on his chest prevents him from breathing properly. Nausea, vomiting, hiccups and abdominal distension sometimes occur. Extreme weakness and fear of impending death are occasionally present. The blood pressure usually falls within a few hours after onset of the attack. 11. Medical examination Медичний огляд I. Active vocabulary a hurt — потерпілий; a check-up — обстеження; weight — вага; height — зріст; to listen to heart and lungs — слухати серце, легені; to X-ray — робити рентген; faint — слабкий; to feel dizzy — відчувати запаморочення; ambulance — швидка допомога; reception ward — палата для прийняття хворого; tо strip to the waist — роздягнутись до пояса; tо take a deep breath — глибоко вдихнути; tо hold one's breath — затамувати подих; a murmur of one's heart — шум (у серці); tо be running a high temperature — мати високу температуру; what's troubling you? — Що вас турбує? II. Replace the italicized parts of the sentences with equivalents from the text. The patient feels really ill It's very important to learn the reasons of their divorce. If you are fit, you are happy. Physical training is a rather important thing for being in shape. She is over the moon when he pays attention to her. The girl receives many greeting-cards during holidays. III. Read the text and learn how doctors can help you. AT THE DOCTOR'S Being a real doctor is a very hard work. A doctor is a person who helps you to be healthy. When you are sick or hurt, a doctor helps you become well again. When you are not sick, a doctor helps you stay well. People go to school for many years to become doctors. After high school, they go to college. After college, they go to medical school. Many doctors go for special training after medical school. Some of these doctors learn how to treat children. Others learn how to treat the whole family. Some doctors study about one part of the body. They may learn to be a heart doctor or an ear doctor. What other kinds of doctors do you know? Many families have their own family doctors. A family doctor can help if someone is sick or hurt. Parents should choose a family doctor very carefully. Members of the family should like the doctor. They should be able to talk freely with the doctor about their health problems. What else should parents think about when they choose a doctor? VISITING A DOCTOR WHEN YOU ARE SICK When you are sick, you go to a doctor. The doctor may ask many questions. How do you feel sick? How long have you felt this way? When do you feel worse? Where does it hurt? Then the doctor conducts your check-up. During a check-up, the doctor examines your body. The doctor tries to find out what is making you feel sick. After the checkup, the doctor talks about a treatment. The treatment is what you can do to become well again. The doctor may tell you to lie in bed. You may be given medicine. Your parents will help you do what the doctor says. VISITING A DOCTOR WHEN YOU ARE NOT SICK Sometimes you go to a doctor when you are not sick. You go to a doctor for a checkup. The doctor looks for changes in your body that show how much you have grown. The changes also show if you are healthy. During a checkup the doctor learns much about your body. Your weight and height are checked and recorded. Your eyes, ears, nose, mouth, and throat are also checked. The doctor listens to your heart and lungs. During a checkup, you have a chance to ask your doctor some questions. You may have questions about your body. You may want to know how to stay healthy. Before you see the doctor, write down your questions. Take them with you when you go for a checkup. The doctor will ask you some questions. Your answers help the doctor learn more about you. Here are some questions: - What food do you eat? - What exercises do you do? - How often do you exercise? - How much sleep do you get each night? - Do you like school? - Are you happy? You can tell the doctor about yourself. Your parents can also talk to the doctor about you. Then the doctor will know von better Knowing you better will make it easier for the doctor to help von stay healthy. The doctor writes down all the facts about your checkup. Your records are kept in the office. These records help the doctor treat you when you are sick. IV. Post-reading activities A minute for a joke: A champion was told that he had a high temperature. "How high is it, Doctor?" he asked. "A hundred and one" said the doctor. "And what is the world record?" asked the champion. V. Are the sentences true or false? Correct false state ments. 1. When you are healthy you must go to a doctor. 2. The doctor usually asks many questions. 3. During a check-up, the nurse examines a patient's body. 4. After a check-up the doctor usually prescribes medicine. 5. Your weight and height are checked by the doctor. 6. The doctor listens only to your heart. 7. You may want to know how to stay healthy. 8. You can't tell the doctor about yourself. 9. The doctor writes down all the facts about the check-up. 10. The records about your marks are kept in the office. VI. Answer the questions. 1. The doctor may ask many questions, may he not? 2. What does treatment mean? 3. What does the doctor try to find out? 4. Can we go to the doctor when we are not sick? 5. What organs are checked? 6. What must you tell your doctor? 7. Why must the doctor know about you? 8. How does the doctor learn about your body? 9. Dors the doctor write all the facts about your check-up? 10. What questions might the doctor ask during a cheek-up? VII. Read and translate the text. The general practitioner refers a patient to the hospital in case his state is too serious to be coped with in the polyclinic. Emergencies are taken to the hospital even without the family doctor's recommendation. List patients are normally admitted straight to the department or ward concerned. On admission the patient's history is taken as part of the clinical case-taking. This includes complete physical examination and laboratory studies, the systematic classification of the common symptoms and signs as well as compilation of the patient's case record (clinical notes). Apart from the patient's personal data (name - both Christian and surname, address, age, social status, occupation etc.) the case record should contain the date of admission and discharge, the historian's name and diagnosis. A general hospital is usually divided into two parts, an outpatient department and an inpatient department. The outpatient department has a number of surgeries and consulting rooms, waiting rooms, a filing cabinet where records are kept, and laboratories and X-ray units unless such services are provided by the inpatient department. The basic component unit of the inpatient department is called the ward where patients are admitted for treatment. The number of wards will differ according to the size of the hospital, but in general there will be several groups of wards: medical, surgical, special surgical, obstetric and gynaecological, paediatric etc. A ward unit consists of rooms for patients, a treatment room. sisters' room, bathrooms and lavatories: there may also be an admission room, a kitchenette, a small laboratory. In addition to beds and bedside lockers, the equipment of a ward usually includes washbasins, bedpans, urinals, commodes, spittoons, scales etc. In charge of each ward is the ward sister. She is responsible to the head nurse (or matron in British hospitals) and to the medical staff (staff nurses, probationer nurses, auxiliary nurses as well as night sisters). The duties of the nursing staff include menial tasks and nursing proper, such as doing bedpan rounds, bed making, washing patients, dressing wounds, giving out medicines, taking the temperature, managing transfusions, conducting certain investigations and, in general, carrying out medical orders. The medical staff of a typical English teaching hospital consists - in order of seniority - of the consultant (roughly the equivalent of the head physician or head surgeon) who acts as the head of a medical team known as a firm, the registrar, the resident medical or surgical officer (RMO or RSO), and the housemen - the house physician and house surgeon. The patients are seen daily by the medical staff, usually during the morning ward round. Most of the operations are also performed during the morning; the place is the operating theatre with the surgeon being assisted - among other staff - by the instrumental sister and theatre sister. In Britain, the same medical staff see the outpatients as give them treatment if they subsequently become inpatients. In other words, the inpatient team and the outpatient team is the same and is in close contact with the general practitioner who has referred the patient to the hospital. Among all the departments and wards, a place of particular importance is taken by casualty department. It has its own staff and most of its work is surgical. It has its own X-ray department and plaster room to treat all kinds of fractures, except perhaps minor injuries which can be treated without actual hospitalization on an outpatient basis by the orthopaedic surgeon at the fracture clinic. In some larger hospitals it has been found expedient to have special wards and departments with their own permanent staff. These are likely to include an accident unit, an intensive care unit, a chest surgery unit, a head injuries unit, plastic surgery and burns units, a rehabilitation department, a department of. physiotherapy, a blood transfusion department, and other special purpose units. Attached to some British hospitals are also medical social workers (MSW) who help patients with personal or domestic difficulties, that may arise from illnesses, and who work closely with the medical and nursing staff. Psychiatric social workers (PSW) do similar work with the mentally ill patients and are, therefore, found in mental hospitals or the psychiatric departments of large hospitals. Both are meant to act as a link between doctor and patient. VIII. Answer the following questions on the text: 1. What happens to sick people whose condition is too serious to be treated on an outpatient basis? 2. What is the position of list patients? 3. What does clinical case-taking involve? 4. How is a general hospital in Britain usually organized? 5. What is the relation between the outpatient and inpatient departments in a typical British hospital? 6. How is the outpatient department organized? 7. What is a ward? 8. Who is in charge of a ward in British hospitals? 9. What is the difference in ward management between a Ukrainian and a British hospital? 10. Which types of wards can you name? 11. In what way is a ward organized? 12. What categories of health workers belong to the nursing staff? 13. Which are the ranks of the medical staff in order of seniority in a British teaching hospital? 14. What does the term "doing the morning ward round" mean? 15. What are the duties of the casualty department? 16. What are the main points of a standard daily programme of a medical team (firm)? 17. What kinds of special units are likely to be incorporated in a large general hospital? 18. What are the duties of medical social workers? 12. Infectious diseases. Pneumonia and influenza Інфекційні захворювання. Пневмонія та грип I.Active vocabulary. |