английский за проф направлением. Укладач Триполець В.І. Рецензенти
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IV. Доповніть речення інформацією із тексту: 1. Pharmacy is defined as the art and science of... . 2. Nowdays most drugs are distributed to the chemist's or hospital in such suitable dosage forms as... . 3. Compounding and dispensing medicines demand... . 4. The pharmacist is able to predict... . 5. Advisory roles of a pharmacist are made possible by... . 6. Pharmacist should be very helpful and supportive when... . 7. The creative act of discovering a new pharmaceutical... . V. Доберіть українські еквіваленти до поданих словосполучень: 1) preventive medicine 1) відповідальна роль 2) curative medicine 2) стерильний розчин 3) dosage form 3) професійний рівень 4) responsible role 4)лікувальна несумісність 5) sterile solution 5) ліки, що відпускаються за рецептом 6) professional standards 6) профілактична медицина 7) drug constituents 7) роль порадника 8) therapeuticallyincompatibility8) лікувальна медицина 9) prescription medication 9) дозована форма 10) advisory role 10) складові ліків 11)dose regimen 11) продуктивна діяльність 12) productive activity 12) творчий акт 13) creativeact 13) схема прийняття лікарського засобу VI. Виберіть один вірний варіант відповіді: 1. Pharmacy is defined as a) the science; b) the art; c) the art and science of preparing, compounding anddispensing drugs. 2. Compounding and dispensing drugs demand a) special knowledge; b) special prescriptions; c) special place. 3.Pharmacist should be very a) handsome and kind; b) helpful and supportive; c) rude and impatient. 4.The creative act of discovering a new drug isfollowed by a) an average of 10 weeks; b) an average of 10 years; c) an average of 100 years. VII. Прочитайте текст, не використовуючи словник. Зверніть особливу увагу на: а) стародавність фармації; б) зв'язок фармації та медицини; в) згадку про видатних науковців минулих часів. SOME FACTS FROM THE HISTORY OF PHARMACY Pharmacy, which literally means a knowledge of drugs, or pharmaceuticals, has been a part of the healing arts and sciences since mankind first began to treat illnesses. It has developed from ancient civilizations that used parts of plants and animals to concoct various potions to eliminate pain, control suffering, and counteract disease. It has risen from the mysterious incantations of voodoo tribes and has survived the unwritten secret recipes of medicine men. It has progressed from an era of empiriocriticism to the present age of specific therapeutic agents. A number of the drugs used by the ancients are still employed in much the same manner by today's medical practitioners. By trial and error, primitive man must have acquired biologic knowledge that was useful in determining which plants and animals possessed good value and which were to be avoided because they were unpalatable, poisonous, or dangerous. The healing powers of certain herbs, roots, and juices were undoubtedly discovered by accident; but once these attributes were learned, they were too important to be forgotten. Dioscorides, a Greek physician who lived in the first century A. D., wrote his "De Materia Medica" in 78 A. D., in which he described about 600 plants that were known to have medicinal properties. Of these, a surprisingly large number are still important in modern medicine. Aloe, bela-donna, colchicum, ergot, hyoscyamus, and opium are a few that were used then in much the same manner as they are used today. Galen (131—200 A. D.) was a Greek pharmacist-physician who lived in Rome and who described the method of preparation formulas containing plant and animal drugs. He devoted considerable time to compiling this knowledge, which was distributed throughout 20 books. As a tribute to his accuracy in recording his observations the term "galenical" pharmacy was originated. From the humble beginning, medicine and pharmacy gradually emerged along separate paths: the physician diagnosed the ailment and prescribed the remedy and the apothecary or pharmacist specialized in the collection preparation, and compounding of the substance. Pharmacy, as an independent branch of medicine was born in Europe in 1240 when the Emperor of Holy Rome separated pharmacy from medicine. However, there was no special pharmaceutical training at that time. Till late 17th and even 18th century, the universities taught their students materia medica. VIII. Запитання до тексту 1. What is pharmacy? 2. What has pharmacy risen from? 3. Are many of the drugs used by the ancients still employed? 4. How were the healing powers of certain herbs, roots and juices discovered? 5. What plants were described by Dioscorides and are many of them used today? Can you name some of them? 6. What do you know about the origin of the word "galenical"? Can you name any galenical preparations? IX. Випишіть із текстів уроку всі складнопідрядні речення, перекладіть їх на українську мову та визначте тип і сполучники підрядності, за допомогою яких вони з'єднуються з головним реченням. X. Прочитайте та перекладіть подані нижче тексти про деякі складові частини науки фармації — фармакологію та токсикологічну хімію: Pharmacology may be defined most simply as the study of drugs. In the broadest sense it includes, all the scientific knowledge of drugs, such as the name, source, physical and chemical properties, and the mixing or preparing of drugs in the form of medicine. It is concerned also with physiological action of drugs — their absorption, action, and rate in the body — and with their therapeutic uses, as well as the poisonous effects that result from overdosage. Toxicology is the scientific study of poisons — their source, chemical properties, action, detection and the treatment of conditions produced by them. A poison is a substance which, when introduced into the body in small quantities, may produce death or cause serious injury to one or more organs in the average healthy individual. It is often difficult to distinguish between drugs and poisons. All drugs are potential poisons, since overdose may cause dangerous or fatal symptoms, and many poisons are useful drugs if they are administered in small doses. 21. Chemist's Shop - the future employment of student-pharmacist Аптека – майбутнє місце роботи студента-фармацевта І. Lead-in 1. Translate the following words with the suffixes -tion and -ity. -tion:prescription, medication, respiration, contribution, digestion, urination, exacerbation, contradiction, contraindication, instruction, direction, production. -ity:authority, authenticity, perplexity, proximity, safety, quality. 2.Form the words using the suffixes -tion and -ity. Donor, sanitate, ulcer, difference, mobile, mature, reduce, simulate, nutrient, rotate, cancel, proximal, deviate. 3. Learn the following words. remedy – лікарський засіб, ліки; retail – роздрібна торгівля; pharmaceutical – фармацевтичний; potent – сильнодіючий; designate – визначати, вказувати; storage – зберігання; expiry – date термін придатності; warning – застереження; danger – небезпека; essential – важливий,основний; adjuvant – допоміжний засіб; vehicle – середовище для ліків, розчинник; guarantee – гарантувати; authenticity – автентичність, достовірність; assess – оцінити. 4. Match the explanation with the term.
5. Translate the following words and word combinations and make sentences using them. 1. Drug action, drug disease, drug eruption, druggist, drug inflammation, drug order, drug resistant, drug room, drug store. 2. Medicine bag, medicine bottle, medicine cabinet, medicine chest, medicine dropper, medicine glass. 3. Thermometer scale, thermometer reading, thermoplegia, thermo-resistant, thermotolerant. 4. Poisonous gas, poisoning, poison label, poisonous, poison register. 5. Bottle feeding, bottle for pills, bottle label, bottle-stand, bottling. 6. Glass beaker, glass bulb, glass marker, glass rod, glass slide, glass tube. 7. Toxic, toxicant, toxicity, toxicogenic, toxicologist, toxic unit, toxin. ІІ. Reading. CHEMIST’S SHOP Chemist's shop is an institution of health service which supplies the population with medicines and medical things. It is a place where a wide variety of articles is sold and prescription can be made; drugs are composed, dispensed, stored and sold. Chemist's shops carry out both retail and wholesale selling of medicines and preparation of drugs in pharmaceutical properties. They are differentiated into municipal, public and private ones. An ordinary chemist's shop has a chemist's department, a prescription one, proper working rooms and a hall for visitors. At the chemist's department one can buy drugs ready to use, different things for medical care (hot water bottles, medicine droppers, mustard plasters, cupping glasses, thermometers and so on) and medical herbs. At the chemist's all medicines are kept in drug cabinets, open shelves and refrigerators. Poisonous, drastic, narcotic and psychotropic drugs can be sold by prescription only. These drugs are potent and can be dangerous if taken in an overdose. Therefore, their use must be strictly controlled. All containers of dispensed medicines should be clearly labeled with the following particulars: name of the patient, name of the medicine, correct dosage instructions, date of dispensing, expiry date, warnings or contradictions, name and address of the pharmacy. The pharmacist should instruct the patient about: the necessity to follow the prescribed directions carefully; the dangers of overdosage; the problems resulting from an inadequate dosage; the expected side effects of the drug; the proper storage of the drug, etc. The pharmacist should also advise the patient about the dangers of taking drugs for longer periods unless he is under care of a physician. The patient should be warned about the danger of letting other members of the family or neighbours use his prescribed medications. A complete prescription is made up of six essential parts: the patient's name, the superscription, the inscription, the subscription, the signature and the prescriber's name. The superscription is the traditional symbol Rx, which always appears at the beginning of the prescription. (It represents the contraction of the Latin verb "recipe", i. e. to take). The inscription is the body of the prescription. This contains the ingredients and quantities of each. In the complex prescription containing multiple ingredients, the inscription may consist of three parts: medication, adjuvant and vehicle. The subscription always follows the inscription and contains the writer's instructions to the pharmacist. This designates the form of preparation (mixture, tablets, ointment, etc.), the strength in words and figures) and the quantity of total number (in words and figures. The signature consists of the directions to be given to the patient. This information is intended to be placed on the label of the container in which the medication is dispensed. The prescriber's name is the part of the prescription that guarantees its authenticity. Before the best compound of medicines is found, the toxicologist is called in to assess the safety factor of the drug or the series. In most cases the best compound will be that with the highest therapeutic index, i.e. the ratio of the lethal dose to the active one. The most potent compound is not always the best: frequently, a less active but also less toxic one will be chosen. Once the toxicologists have agreed on the safety of the compound, the next step is its clinical trial. The realization of medicines is promoted by presenting the license given by the State Department of Quality and Safety Control and Production of Medicines and Medical Articles. ІІІ. Language development. 1. Explain the meaning of the following words in English. Health service, facility, to differentiate, label, to dispense, appropriate, side effect, inadequate, instruction, to guarantee, to maintain, contraction. 2. Match the word combination with its Ukrainian variant.
3.Fill in the words from the list, then make sentences using the completedphrases. facility, factor, institution, patient, water, index, a label, cupping, dosage Safety ... , therapeutic ... , prophylactic ... , hot ... bottle, ... glasses, inadequate ... , to be given to the ... , to be placed on ... , pharmaceutical ... . |